99% Pure Tetracaine USP Bp Standard Tetracaine HCl CAS 136-47-0

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Pure Tetracaine is a potent local anesthetic renowned for its excellent mucosal penetrability, making it a primary choice for various mucosal anesthesia procedures, including ophthalmic, nasal, and laryngeal applications. Its onset of action is relatively rapid, providing prompt analgesic effects upon application to the mucosal surface. Tetracaine typically presents as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder, characterized by relatively high melting and boiling points, indicative of its stable crystalline structure. It exhibits poor aqueous solubility, with a solubility of only approximately 5 mg/mL in water, and possesses a pKa value of 8.6. This basic nature means that tetracaine tends to be ionized in acidic environments, which can significantly reduce its local anesthetic potency, as the un-ionized form is required for effective nerve membrane penetration and blockade. Consequently, strict avoidance of acidic conditions is essential during the formulation, preparation, and storage of tetracaine-containing products to preserve its anesthetic activity. While its aqueous solubility is limited, tetracaine demonstrates good solubility in various organic solvents, a property that influences its formulation strategies and application profiles. These distinct physicochemical characteristics-including solubility, pKa, and stability-directly impact its performance, efficacy, and safety across different clinical and research settings, necessitating careful consideration and rational management in its utilization and formulation development.

Pure tetracaine is a kind of medicine, mainly including extra-sheath block, membranous block, inferior ventricular block, nerve conduction block and some surface anesthesia. Its physical properties are odorless, slightly bitter taste and numbness of tongue. Soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether or benzene, with aromatic secondary amine structure.

Tetracaine is a local anesthetic that selectively inhibits sodium ion channels inside neurons, thereby rendering neurons unable to transmit large numbers of nerve impulses. Its mechanism of action is similar to local anesthetics such as lidocaine and procaine, but its duration is longer. Compared with Novocain and Benzocaine, Tetracaine has a longer duration of action, which can last up to 2 to 4 hours. Compared with Dibucaine, it has a shorter duration of action, ranging from 20 minutes to an hour.

The safe dosage of Pure tetracaine varies depending on the route of use and the patient's condition. The following are the safe dosage ranges given based on different usage routes:

1.Epidural block:

• Commonly used solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.15% to 0.3%.
• When used in combination with lidocaine, the highest concentration is 0.3%.
• The commonly used dose is 4050mg, and the maximum dose is 80mg (there is also data indicating a maximum dose of 6080mg, but here we use a more conservative limit of 80mg).

2.Subarachnoid block:

• A commonly used mixture is made by mixing 1ml of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1ml of 10% glucose and 1ml of 3% ephedrine hydrochloride.
• The commonly used dose is 10mg, the limited dose is 15mg, and the maximum dose is 20mg.

Neural conduction block:

A commonly used solution with a concentration range of 0.1% to 0.2%.

The commonly used dosage is 40-50mg, and the maximum dosage is 100mg.

Mucosal surface anesthesia:

A commonly used solution with a concentration of 1%.

Ophthalmology uses 1% isotonic solution, while otolaryngology uses 1% to 2% solution.

A single dose is usually 40mg.

To avoid oxidation of the substance, the following measures can be taken:

1.Storage environment：

• Choose a cool, dry, and dark storage environment, as high temperature, humidity, and light can accelerate the oxidation process of drugs.
• Ensure that the temperature and humidity in the storage space are controlled within an appropriate range, with a recommended temperature not exceeding 25 ℃ and humidity kept at a low level.

2.Packaging and sealing：

• Use packaging materials with oxygen blocking properties, such as aluminum foil bags, vacuum bags, etc., to reduce direct contact between drugs and oxygen.
• During the packaging process, ensure good sealing to prevent air from entering the interior of the packaging. For packages that have already been opened, they should be used up as soon as possible and avoid prolonged exposure to air.

3.Nitrogen protection：During the packaging process, inert gases such as nitrogen can be filled to replace the oxygen inside the packaging, thereby reducing the risk of drug oxidation.

4.Avoid contact with other substances：When storing, avoid contact with oxidizing substances such as strong acids, bases, heavy metal ions, etc., as these substances may accelerate the oxidation process of the drug.

Regular inspection:

 

Regularly inspect stored substances to observe whether their color, odor, and form have changed. If any abnormal conditions are found, such as darkening of color, generation of odor, etc., the use should be stopped immediately and professional consultation should be sought.

Follow professional guidance: When storing and using, follow the guidance of professionals to ensure that the operation complies with the characteristics and requirements of the drug.

As a local anesthetic, its chemical properties are relatively stable, but it may still react with certain substances under specific conditions. The following are the types of substances that may react with it and their related explanations:

Other medications

When mixed with other drugs, drug interactions may occur. For example, certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, etc. may have adverse reactions or reduce their anesthetic effects. Therefore, when using this substance, professional doctors or pharmacists should be consulted to avoid simultaneous use or interaction with other drugs.

Biological organization

In in vivo applications, it may react with enzymes, proteins, etc. in biological tissues, leading to drug metabolism and excretion. This reaction is usually a necessary process for drugs to exert their efficacy in the body, but it may also cause some adverse reactions. Therefore, when using it for anesthesia, close attention should be paid to the patient's reaction and adjustments should be made as needed.

The use of this substance is usually prohibited or not recommended in the following situations:

 

Patient

allergy

 

If patients are allergic to lidocaine or its components, use may cause serious allergic reactions such as difficulty breathing, anaphylactic shock, etc., therefore it is contraindicated.

Serious heart disease:For patients with severe heart disease, such as severe arrhythmia, heart failure, etc., using it may increase the burden on the heart and worsen the condition, so it is generally not recommended to use it.

Liver and kidney dysfunction

 

 

Patients with severe liver and kidney dysfunction have limited drug metabolism and excretion ability, and the use of this substance may lead to drug accumulation, increasing the risk of toxic side effects. Therefore, it should be disabled.

Myasthenia gravis

 

The use of this substance in patients with myasthenia gravis may affect neuromuscular conduction and worsen myasthenia symptoms, therefore it is not recommended.

Specific anesthesia method

It is generally not used for infiltration anesthesia, intravenous injection, or intravenous drip. This is because its absorption rate is relatively fast. If it accidentally enters the bloodstream and the dosage is too high, it may cause serious toxic reactions such as dizziness, chills, coma, and even respiratory failure.

Drug interactions:If its simultaneous use with other drugs may cause interactions, reduce anesthesia effectiveness, or increase the risk of adverse reactions, then it should also be avoided in certain situations.

Specific population:

Children, the elderly, the weak, malnourished, and hungry are prone to toxic reactions and should be used with caution and moderation.
Pregnant women using this substance may have adverse effects on the fetus, so it should also be prohibited.

Skin or mucosal injury:

Special caution is required when using this substance in areas with severe skin or mucosal surface damage or infection, as the drug may be rapidly absorbed through the damaged area, increasing the risk of toxic reactions.

We focus not on quantity, but on quality. We strive to make every detail perfect and provide customers with high quality 99% Pure Tetracaine USP Bp Standard Tetracaine HCl CAS 136-47-0. We continue to strengthen process management to achieve full participation and comprehensive quality management. We take beautifying the corporate image and advocating corporate culture as our own responsibility. In constant exploration and under the care of new and old customers, our company will provide you with more perfect services.