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N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) is an organic compound with CAS 68-12-2 and molecular formula HCON (CH3) 2. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special irritating odor, and can be mixed with water, ethanol, ether, aldehydes, ketones, esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Except for halogenated hydrocarbons, it can be freely mixed with water and most organic solvents, and has good solubility for various organic and inorganic compounds. The refractive index is 1.4458 at 25 ℃, indicating a high optical purity. Nn dmf can dissolve many organic compounds and resins, so it is often used as a solvent. It is also slightly soluble in water. Indicates that it has a high heat of evaporation. It also has lower vapor pressure and higher thermal stability. These physical properties make it a very useful solvent and chemical reaction medium in many industrial applications, such as synthesis, extraction, and electroplating. It is not only a widely used chemical raw material, but also an excellent solvent. NN dimethylformamide dmf also plays an important role in the synthesis of polymer materials. It can be used as a solvent and reaction medium to prepare polymer materials such as polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile. These polymer materials have extensive applications in industries, construction, healthcare, and other fields.
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Chemical Formula |
C3H7NO |
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Exact Mass |
73 |
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Molecular Weight |
73 |
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m/z |
73 (100.0%), 74 (3.2%) |
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EA |
C, 49.30; H, 9.65; N, 19.16; O, 21.89 |
Melting point -61 ° C (lit.), Specific rotation 0.94 º, Boiling point 153 ° C (lit.), Density 0.944 g/ml (lit.), Vapor density 2.5 (vs air), Vapor pressure 2.7 mm Hg (20 ° C), Refractive index n20/d 1.430 (lit.), Flash point 136 ° f, Storage condition store at +5 ° C to +30 ° C, Water: miscible, Form powder, Acidity coefficient (PKA) -0.44 ± 0.70 (predicted), Color apha: ≤ 15, PH value 7 (200g/l, H2O, 20 ℃), Relative polarity 0.386, Odor fault, ammonia like odor detectable at 100 ppm, Odor threshold 1.8ppm, Explosive limit 2.2-16% (V), Water soluble, Maximum wavelength( λ max) λ: 270 nm Amax: 1.00, λ: 275 nm Amax: 0.30, λ: 295 nm Amax: 0.10, λ: 310 nm Amax: 0.05, λ: 340-400 nm Amax: 0.01, Sensitivity hygroscopic.
N,N-Dimethylformamide pure can be prepared by the reaction of formamide with diamine, or by the reaction of methanol solution of dimethylamine with carbon oxide in the presence of sodium alcohol. N. N-dimethylformamide is an excellent solvent for a variety of polymers such as polyethylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, etc. it is widely used in plastic film making, paint, fiber and other industries. It can also be used as a paint remover to remove paint. It can dissolve some pigments with low solubility and make the pigments have the characteristics of dyes. N. N-methyl formyl Amine can also be used as an effective reagent to separate non hydrocarbon components from paraffin. It has good selectivity for the solubility of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, and can be separated in N, N-dimethylformamide.
N. N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless and transparent liquid with the molecular formula C ∝ H ₇ NO. Due to its unique chemical properties, it has become one of the most widely used non proton polar solvents in the chemical industry. The steric hindrance effect of methyl groups in its molecular structure significantly enhances the negative ion activity, which makes it irreplaceable in fields such as organic synthesis, material processing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The following elaborates on its uses in detail from the eight core areas.
DMF has excellent solubility for various polymers and is a key solvent for synthetic fiber and plastic processing
1.Synthetic fiber field
DMF is the standard solvent for wet spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers, which forms a uniform spinning solution by dissolving acrylonitrile polymer and solidifies it in a coagulation bath to obtain high-strength fibers. In the production of acrylic fiber, DMF, as a dry spinning solvent, can form a skin core structure in the fiber cross-section, significantly improving the insulation performance of the fiber.
2. Polyurethane Industry
DMF is the core solvent for wet process polyurethane synthetic leather, and its high boiling point property maintains stable fluidity of polyurethane solution.
By impregnating the substrate and solidifying, synthetic leather with genuine leather texture can be prepared. In the production of polyurethane elastomers, DMF serves as a reaction medium to promote the polymerization reaction of isocyanates and polyols, resulting in an increase in the tensile strength of the product to over 35MPa.
3. Plastic Process
N,N-Dimethylformamide pure can be used for the casting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. By dissolving PVC resin and adding plasticizers, transparent films with a transmittance of 92% can be prepared. In polyamide (PA) modification, DMF as a solvent can achieve uniform dispersion of nano silica in the matrix, increasing the wear resistance of the material by 40%.
DMF serves as both a solvent and a reaction medium in drug synthesis, and is an indispensable basic raw material in modern pharmaceutical industry
1. Antibiotic synthesis
In the production of doxycycline, DMF is used as a solvent to promote the cyclization reaction, resulting in an increase in product yield to 85%. Its non protonic environment can stabilize the intermediate structure. In the synthesis of sulfamethoxazole, DMF medium reduces the reaction temperature by 20 ℃, and the product purity reaches 99.5%.
2. Preparation of hormone drugs
During the synthesis of cortisone, DMF acts as a solvent for the steroid core and enhances reaction selectivity by chelating metal catalysts.
In the production of vitamin B6, the mixed solvent system composed of DMF and dichloromethane can shorten the reaction time to one-third of the traditional process.
3. Development of anti-tumor drugs
In the synthesis of N-formylsarcolysin, DMF is used as the solvent for acylation reagents, and the crystal form of the product is made more stable by controlling the reaction pH value. In the preparation of cycloheximide, DMF medium can inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and increase the selectivity of the target product to 92%.
DMF has become a key reagent in chemical separation processes due to its unique solubility selectivity
1. Butadiene Extraction
In the separation of C4 fractions from ethylene cracking gas, DMF has a solubility for butadiene that is 300 times higher than that of n-butane. By using a two-stage extraction distillation process, the purity of butadiene can reach 99.6% and the recovery rate can reach 99.2%. This technology is applied to large petrochemical enterprises in China, with an annual processing capacity of over 500000 tons.
2. Aromatic refining
The solubility difference of DMF for isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid is up to 15%, and efficient separation of the two isomers can be achieved through fractional crystallization process. In the production of PX (p-xylene), DMF as an adsorbent can increase the purity of the product to 99.9%, meeting the high-end requirements of the polyester industry.
3. Gas purification
DMF, as a natural gas desulfurization solvent, has a solubility of 2.8mol/kg for H ₂ S at 40 ℃, which is three times that of diethylene glycol. After the application of DMF desulfurization device in a certain oil field, the natural gas purification degree reached the national first-class gas standard, and the sulfur recovery rate increased to 98.5%.
DMF plays multiple key roles in microelectronics manufacturing:
1. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
In TFT-LCD manufacturing, DMF is used as a photoresist developer solvent, which can accurately control the line width accuracy to 1.5 μ m. Its low metal ion characteristics (<0.1ppb) can avoid the impact on the electrical performance of the device, and the product yield has increased by 3 percentage points after the application of a certain 6th generation line.
2. Semiconductor packaging
DMF, as a solvent for epoxy molding compounds, achieves precise sealing by controlling the viscosity of the solution. In IC packaging, DMF based materials can reduce the water absorption rate of the package to 0.15% and increase the matching degree of thermal expansion coefficient to 95%.
3. Photovoltaic cell
DMF acts as an anti solvent in the preparation of perovskite solar cells, forming uniform thin films through rapid extraction. Experiments have shown that using DMF treatment can increase the battery conversion efficiency from 18% to 21.5%, and improve stability by three times.
DMF exhibits unique value in pollution control:
1. Wastewater treatment
The two-stage water spray+biological drip filtration combined process developed for DMF wastewater can achieve a treatment efficiency of over 95%. After applying this technology in a certain chemical industrial park, the concentration of DMF in the effluent stabilized below 15mg/L, meeting the requirements of the "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Synthetic Resin Industry".
2. Waste gas purification
The n,n-Dimethylformamide pure waste gas treatment adopts the condensation recovery+activated carbon adsorption process, which can achieve a resource recovery rate of 90%. In the production of synthetic leather, this technology can reduce the concentration of VOCs emissions to 20mg/m ³, far below the national limit of 80mg/m ³.
3. Soil remediation
DMF, as a chelating agent, can be used for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, with a complexation stability constant of 10 ¹⁴ with Cd ² ⁺ ⁵. Laboratory studies have shown that adding 5% DMF can reduce the leaching concentration of Cd in soil by 85%, meeting the standards for safe use of agricultural land.
DMF has important applications in the field of analysis and testing:
gas chromatography
DMF, as a stationary liquid (used at a temperature of 50 ℃), can effectively separate C ₂ - C ₅ hydrocarbon mixtures. In the separation of isobutene, the theoretical number of trays can reach 3000 per meter, and the separation degree can reach 1.8.
liquid chromatography
DMF, as an organic modifier used in reverse phase chromatography, can improve the retention behavior of polar compounds. In antibiotic analysis, adding 10% DMF to the mobile phase can increase peak symmetry by 40% and reduce the detection limit to 0.01 μ g/mL.
non-aqueous titration
DMF is used as a solvent for the determination of organic base content, and its dielectric constant (36.7) can stabilize the indicator potential. In alkaloid titration, the use of DMF system can control the endpoint error within ± 0.1%.
Innovative carriers of new energy materials
1. DMF shows potential applications in the field of new energy:
lithium-ion battery
DMF, as a substitute solvent for NMP, can be used for electrode slurry preparation, which can increase the viscosity stability of the slurry by 30%. In silicon-based negative electrode materials, DMF based binders can increase the cycle life to over 500 times and achieve a capacity retention rate of 85%.
2. Fuel cell
DMF, as an additive in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, can improve the water management performance of membrane electrodes. Experiments have shown that adding 2% DMF can increase battery output power density by 15% and durability by 2 times.
3. Supercapacitor
DMF is used as an electrolyte solvent for activated carbon electrode materials, which can broaden the electrochemical window to 2.5V. In organic capacitors, DMF based electrolytes can increase the energy density to 40Wh/kg and achieve a cycle life of 100000 times.
DMF has multiple application values in the field of pesticides:
Raw material synthesis
In the production of imidacloprid, DMF is used as a solvent to promote the cyclization reaction, resulting in an increase in product yield to 88%. Its high boiling point characteristic can avoid temperature fluctuations in the reaction system and achieve a purity of 99% in the synthesis of pyrethroids.
Preparation processing
N,N-Dimethylformamide pure, as a solvent in emulsion, can increase the solubility of pesticides. Adding 5% DMF to avermectin emulsion can increase the thermal storage stability of the formulation by 40%. Its low surface tension characteristic (28mN/m) can improve the wettability of the medicinal solution on crop surfaces.
Development of seed coating agents
DMF is used as a film-forming agent for seed coating, which can form a uniform and dense protective film. Experiments have shown that DMF based seed coating agents can increase seed germination rate by 15% and enhance disease resistance by 30%.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is N N-dimethylformamide organic or inorganic?
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Organic compound
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is an extraordinary organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H.
What is N,N-Dimethylformamide used for?
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DMF is used in the production of acrylic fibers and plastics. It is also used as a solvent in peptide coupling for pharmaceuticals, in the development and production of pesticides, and in the manufacture of adhesives, synthetic leathers, fibers, films, and surface coatings.
What is the use of N,N-Dimethylformamide?
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N,N-Dimethylformamide is used predom- inantly as an aprotic solvent in the manufac- ture of polyacrylonitrile fibres, and trends in its production parallel those of the polyacrylic fibre industry.
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