Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphine Oxide (TPO) is an organic phosphorus compound that contains a phosphate group and a 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl group in its structure. The molecular weight is approximately 498.58, CAS 75980-60-8, and the molecular formula is C25H23O3P. Usually presented as a creamy white or light yellow powder. Insoluble in water, but soluble in various organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its high electrical resistivity in solid state indicates that it is a good insulation material. In addition, TOPO may also have specific electron transfer properties, which are related to its molecular structure and electrical environment. Relatively stable to light, heat, and air, but hydrolysis reactions may occur under high temperatures and the presence of water. Mainly used for UV curing of unsaturated styrene polyester and acrylic resin. Its ultraviolet spectrum is located in the long wavelength range and can completely cure white coatings and thick coatings with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the pigment.
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Chemical Formula |
C22H21O2P |
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Exact Mass |
348 |
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Molecular Weight |
348 |
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m/z |
348 (100.0%), 349 (23.8%), 350 (2.7%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 75.85; H, 6.08; O, 9.18; P, 8.89 |
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Melting point |
88-92 ° C (lit.) |
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Boiling point |
519.6 ± 60.0 ° C (predicted) |
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Density |
1.12 g / ml at 25 ° C (lit.) |
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Acidity coefficient ( pKa ) |
PKA 3.20 (H2O t = 23.0) (uncertain) |
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Flash point |
> 230 ° f |
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Refractive index |
N20 / D 1.475 (lit.) |
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Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) researched by: BLOOM TECH
Remark: BLOOM TECH(Since 2008), ACHIEVE CHEM-TECH is the subsidiary of us.
This method uses diphenylethoxyphosphine as the main raw material and reacts with toluene and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride to prepare TPO photoinitiator through a series of steps such as heating, melting, cooling, crystallization, filtration, and drying. This method has the advantages of good product stability, high yield, simple production process, low production cost, and less pollution. The preparation method of this TPO photoinitiator is expected to play an important role in the field of TPO photoinitiator technology and bring more efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly solutions to related industries.
Specific steps:
Step 1: Preparation of Diphenylethoxyphosphine
Ph2P + CH3I + 2NaOH → Ph2P(O)CH3 + 2NaI + H2O
Step 2: Prepare reactants: Place the prepared diphenylethoxyphosphine and toluene into a reaction vessel.
Step 3: Add 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride
PhCOC(CH3)3 + Ph2P(O)CH3 → PhCOP(O)Ph2 + C(CH3)3OH
Step 4: Heating reaction: Control the reaction temperature and stirring speed according to specific conditions to allow the reactants to react.
Step 5: Melting and Cooling: After the reaction is complete, the product is melted and gradually cooled to room temperature.
Step 6: Crystallization and filtration: Crystallize the cooled product and separate the solid product through filtration.
Step 7: Drying: Dry the filtered product to remove solvents and moisture.
Photoinitiator TPO is an efficient free radical type photoinitiator. Its core characteristics include wide absorption spectrum (350-420nm), dual radical initiation mechanism (generating benzoyl and phosphoryl radicals), photobleaching effect (coating does not turn yellow), and low volatility, making it a core material in the field of UV curing.
1. Coatings and Ink Industry
Photoinitiator TPO is a key component of UV curable coatings and inks, widely used in surface treatment of substrates such as paper, wood, metal, plastic, and glass. Its wide absorption spectrum characteristics make it excellent on white or high titanium dioxide pigment surfaces (such as white coatings, titanium dioxide based inks), achieving complete curing of thick films (>50 μ m) and avoiding the problem of surface dryness and internal dryness caused by insufficient light penetration of traditional initiators. For example:
Screen printing ink: In UV screen printing ink on glass and metal surfaces, TPO ensures clear pattern edges, strong adhesion, and no yellowing after curing, making it suitable for high-end packaging printing.
Lithography/Flexographic Ink: In UV printing of newspapers and magazines, TPO is combined with amine initiators to improve the flowability and curing speed of the ink, meeting the needs of high-speed printing.
Wood coating: In UV varnish on furniture surfaces, TPO's deep curing ability can prevent coating cracking, while its low odor characteristics meet environmental requirements.
2. Adhesives and sealants
TPO is used in UV curable adhesives for electronic component packaging, optical component bonding, and medical equipment assembly. For example:
Electronic packaging: In the UV curing adhesive of smartphone camera modules, TPO's rapid curing (<5 seconds) can improve production efficiency, while its low shrinkage rate (<1%) ensures component positioning accuracy.
Optical bonding: In the interlayer bonding of LED displays, the transparency of TPO (colorless after photolysis) can avoid light loss and improve display performance.
3. Optical fibers and composite materials
Fiber optic coating: In the UV cured acrylic coating of optical fibers, the deep curing ability of TPO can prevent micro bending loss and improve signal transmission stability.
Composite materials: In the manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced resin based composite materials, the rapid curing of TPO can shorten the molding cycle and reduce energy consumption.
1. Photoresist and Microelectronics
Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphine Oxide (TPO) is a key component of semiconductor photoresist used in photolithography processes in chip manufacturing. Its wide absorption spectrum (compatible with 365nm and 385nm UV LEDs) can match the new generation of lithography equipment, and its photobleaching effect can reduce standing wave effects and improve pattern resolution. For example:
G-line/i-line photoresist: In processes of 0.35 μ m and above, the combination of TPO and PAG (photoacid generator) can achieve high contrast pattern transfer.
3D printing photosensitive resin: In SLA (stereolithography) technology, the rapid curing of TPO can improve printing accuracy, and its low yellowing characteristics are suitable for transparent component manufacturing.
2. Smart materials and responsive polymers
TPO can be used to synthesize smart materials such as photoresponsive hydrogels and shape memory polymers. For example:
Photocontrolled drug release: In the drug carrying water gel, the UV trigger of TPO can trigger the drug release to achieve precise treatment.
4D printing: In shape memory polymers, TPO's locally cured programmable material deformation path is used for soft robot development.
3. High performance coatings and films
Scratch resistant coating: In UV cured coatings on car paint surfaces and eyeglass lenses, the rapid curing of TPO can form a dense cross-linked network, enhancing wear resistance.
Self repairing film: In polymer films containing microcapsules, TPO's UV triggers the release of activatable repair agents, extending the material's lifespan.
1. Dental restoration materials
TPO is the core component of light cured dental filling material, used for filling teeth, crown restoration, etc. Its advantages include:
Fast curing: UV irradiation in the oral cavity (10-20 seconds) can complete curing, reducing the patient's mouth opening time.
Biocompatibility: The photolysis products are non-toxic and comply with the ISO 10993 biosafety standard.
Wear resistance: The high cross-linking density coating can resist chewing wear and prolong the life of the restoration.
2. Medical equipment packaging
In the UV curing packaging of medical equipment such as catheters and endoscopes, the rapid curing of TPO can avoid thermal damage to sensitive components, while its low volatility can reduce bubble defects and improve sealing reliability.
3. Biosensing and Diagnosis
Microfluidic chip: In UV bonding of glass or PDMS based microfluidic chips, the transparency of TPO can avoid optical path interference and improve detection sensitivity.
Fluorescent probe: TPO derivatives can be used as fluorescent markers for dynamic monitoring of intracellular calcium ions, with high signal-to-noise ratio advantages.
1. Low VOC coatings
The low volatility (<0.1%) of TPO makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional solvent based initiators, complying with the EU REACH regulation and the Chinese GB/T 23985-2009 standard, helping the coatings industry to transform from oil to water.
2. No yellowing system
The photobleaching effect of TPO can prevent coating yellowing and replace traditional initiators (such as benzophenone) in the application of white goods, high-end furniture and other fields, reducing consumer complaints.
3. Alternative development
Although TPO faces restrictions due to reproductive toxicity (EU SVHC list), its structurally optimized products (such as TMO, OXT-221) have achieved mass production, maintaining performance while reducing toxicity, promoting sustainable development in the industry.
Emerging fields: pioneers of technology integration
1. Flexible electronics
In UV cured conductive inks for flexible displays and wearable devices, TPO's rapid curing can avoid substrate deformation, and its low-temperature curing characteristics (<80 ℃) are suitable for flexible substrates such as PI and PET.
2. Energy materials
Photovoltaic cells: In the UV curing encapsulation of perovskite solar cells, the deep curing of TPO can improve the density of the encapsulation layer and extend the battery life.
Lithium ion battery: In the membrane coating, the UV curing of Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphine Oxide (TPO) can form a uniform pore structure, improving ion conductivity.
3. Aerospace
In UV cured protective coatings for satellite solar panels and aircraft skins, TPO's weather resistance (UV aging resistance) ensures long-term stability of the equipment in extreme environments.
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