Iodine Powder CAS 12190-71-5

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November 24, 2025

Iodine powder, the essence is iodine, which is a chemical element with chemical symbol I and atomic number 53. At normal temperature and pressure, iodine is a blue-black solid. It is a relatively light solid. The solubility of iodine in water is very low, only 0.03 g/100 mL. It is relatively soluble in organic solvents such as ether, chloroform, and acetone. The crystal structure of iodine is monoclinic and has a layered structure. Iodine has strong volatility and pungent odor, and it can form ionic compounds with metals, such as potassium iodide, etc. Iodine can also react with ammonia gas to form compounds such as ammonium iodide. At standard atmospheric pressure, iodine can change directly from solid to gaseous state without going through liquid state.

(1) Iodine is extremely important to the life of animals and plants. Iodide and iodate in seawater enter the metabolism of most sea creatures. In advanced mammals, iodine is concentrated in the thyroid in the form of iodized amino acids, and iodine deficiency will cause goiter.

(2) About 2/3 of iodine and compounds are used to prepare preservatives, disinfectants and medicines, such as iodine tincture and iodoform CHI3.

(3) The intake of sodium iodate as a food additive was insufficient.

(4) Radioisotope iodine-131 is used in radiotherapy and radioactive tracer technology.

(5) Iodine can also be used to make dyes and photographic films.

(6) Iodine and its related compounds are mainly used in medicine, photography and dyes.

(7) It can be used as a tracer for systematic monitoring, such as geothermal system monitoring.

(8) Silver iodide (AgI) can be used not only as a sensitizer for photographic films, but also as a seed crystal for cloud formation during artificial rainfall. The alcohol solution of I2 and KI, namely iodine, is a commonly used disinfectant; Iodoform (CHI3) is used as a preservative.

Calibrate the standard solution of sodium thiosulfate. Determine the iodine value of oil. Color reaction of magnesium and acetate. Manufacture of iodane and iodide, etc. Colorimetric determination of starch. Non protein nitrogen and amylase in serum were measured. Prepare solid violet and toluidine blue iodine solution, catalyst and disinfectant.

Iodine containing preparations such as iodine tincture, compound iodine solution, iodine throat tablets, iodine glycerin, etc. are widely used in medical treatment, and iodine tincture is a commonly used disinfectant in families.

On November 18, 2021, an engineering study published by the British journal Nature pointed out that the use of iodine in electric propulsion systems instead of xenon, which is more expensive and difficult to store, may improve the performance of spacecraft. Iodine powered spacecraft completed in orbit testing for the first time, accelerating the acceptance of alternative propellants by the aerospace industry.

Iodine powder can be separated from solution by its solubility in organic solvent. Iodine can be extracted from mother liquor produced by seaweed, oil well brine and nitrate. Acidify the aqueous solution containing 0.001% ～ 0.01% iodide to pH 2.3 ～ 2.5 with sulfuric acid, then oxidize iodide to iodine with chlorine or sodium nitrite, absorb iodine with activated carbon to saturation, dissolve iodine with sodium hydroxide, generate sodium iodide and sodium iodate solutions, and then pass chlorine to obtain iodine.

There are generally two methods for the preparation of iodine:

(1) I2 prepared from I^-:

I - has strong reducibility. Many oxidants such as Cl₂, Br₂, MnO₂, etc. can oxidize iodine ions into iodine simple substances in acidic solutions:

Cl₂ + 2NaI → 2NaCl + I₂

2NaI + 3H₂SO₄ + MnO₂ → 2NaHSO₄ + MnSO₄ + I₂ + 2H₂O

The second equation is the main reaction of extracting iodine from seaweed ash, and the iodine can be extracted and separated by organic solvent. In the above reaction, excessive oxidants should be avoided to prevent the simple iodine from being further oxidized into compounds with high iodine value:

I₂ + 5Cl₂ + 6H₂O → 2IO₃^-+ 10Cl^- + 12H⁺

(2) Restore of IO₃^-:

A large amount of iodine is produced from the natural sodium iodate, and the reducing agent NaHSO3 is used to reduce IO₃^- ions to elemental iodine:

2IO₃^-+ 5HSO₃^-→ 3HSO₄^-+ 2SO₄2-+ H₂O + I₂

In fact, the above reaction is to reduce iodate to iodide with appropriate amount of NaHSO₃:

IO₃^-+ 3HSO₃^-→ I- + 3SO₄^2-+ 3H⁺

Interact the acid iodide solution obtained with an appropriate amount of iodate solution to separate iodine:

IO₃-+ 5I^- + 6H⁺ → 3I₂ + 3H₂O

Iodine powder, a non-metallic element, element symbol I, element 53 of the periodic table of elements, is in the fifth cycle of the periodic table of chemical elements, and belongs to group VII A, one of the halogen elements. In 1811, French pharmacist Kuteva first discovered simple iodine. The elemental iodine is purple black crystal, easy to sublimate, easy to sublimate after sublimation, toxic and corrosive. Simple iodine will turn blue and purple when it meets starch. It is mainly used for making medicines, dyes, iodine liquor, test paper and iodine compounds.

Iodine is one of the essential microelements for the human body. The total amount of iodine in healthy adults is 30 mg (20-50 mg). The national standard for adding iodine to table salt is 20-30 mg/kg.

In 2021, the iodine powered spacecraft will be tested on orbit for the first time.

Iodine, as a highly effective biocide, has a wide range of use cases in the medical field.

1. Sterilization effect

Wound disinfection
Iodine solution can be used to disinfect wounds, kill bacteria and prevent infection. For example, in the treatment of diabetic foot, iodine-containing disinfectant is used to flush and wrap the wound, which shows strong bactericidal ability and promotes granulation tissue, and reduces the difficulty and cost of diabetic foot wound care.

Preoperative skin disinfection
Iodine-based disinfectants, such as iodophor (povidone-iodine, etc.), are widely used for preoperative disinfection of skin at surgical sites. They have the advantages of stable solution, wide germicidal spectrum, strong germicidal ability and no obvious irritation to skin and mucous membrane. Povidone iodine has been recommended as one of the ideal disinfectants for surgical sites by many domestic and international guidelines.

2. Thyroxine synthesis
Thyroxine is a key hormone for human metabolism and growth and development, and iodine is an important component in the synthesis of thyroxine. Therefore, in the medical field, ensuring that patients consume sufficient iodine is crucial to maintaining normal thyroid function.

3. Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Radioactive iodine isotopes, such as iodine-131, are widely used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders.
Diagnosis: By ingesting a small amount of radioactive iodine-131 and utilizing its property of being selectively absorbed by the thyroid gland, an image of the thyroid gland can be created to help doctors detect abnormalities of the thyroid gland, such as nodules, enlargement or cancer.
Treatment: For certain types of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism), radioactive iodine-131 can be an effective treatment. By ingesting sufficient amount of radioactive iodine-131, it can destroy thyroid tissue or cancer cells, thus achieving the purpose of treatment.

4. Other applications
Certain organic iodides can also be used as medical diagnostic contrast agents in clinic, such as iopanoic acid for cholangiography, iodized oil and so on can be used for bronchial, fallopian tube and fistula angiography and so on. These contrast agents can help doctors observe the internal structure and function of the human body more clearly, so as to make more accurate diagnosis.

To summarize, iodide is widely and importantly used in the medical field, not only as a highly effective bactericide for disinfection and pre-operative preparation, but also involved in the synthesis of thyroxine and used in radioactive iodine for the treatment of thyroid diseases. In addition, iodide plays a role as a contrast agent in medical diagnostics. Together, these applications reflect the unique value and importance of iodine in the medical field.

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