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Iridium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with a CAS number of 10025-83-9 and a molecular formula of IrCl3. Dark green powder with metallic luster, easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water and hydrochloric acid, loses crystalline water under strong heat. Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol, insoluble in water. Has weak magnetism and can be attracted by magnetic fields. Anhydrous compounds are relatively rare, but related hydrates can be used to prepare other iridium compounds. The more common is the trihydrate IrCl3 (H2O) 3. Similar to rhodium trichloride, it adopts the structure of aluminum chloride and is a monoclinic α - polycrystal. There are also rhombohedral beta polycrystals present. The two polymorphs actually have the same anionic lattice, but the octahedral gaps occupied by iridium ions are different.
Sponge like iridium reacts with chlorine to produce iridium trichloride. Hydrated iridium chloride is used in the laboratory to prepare other iridium compounds, such as carbonyl di (triphenylphosphine) iridium chloride (Vaska complex), i.e. trans - [IrCl (CO) (PPh3) 2]. It is a strong reducing agent that can be used to prepare other iridium compounds. Can react with various metal salts to form intermetallic compounds. It also has some unique physical properties, such as the ability to generate free electrons under light irradiation. It can be used to prepare other iridium complexes and as a catalyst. It can also be used as a reagent in the form of iridium chloride solution.
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Chemical Formula |
Cl3Ir |
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Exact Mass |
297.87 |
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Molecular Weight |
298.57 |
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m/z |
297.87 (100.0%), 299.87 (95.9%), 295.87 (59.5%), 297.86 (57.0%), 301.86 (30.6%), 299.86 (18.2%), 303.86 (3.3%), 301.86 (1.9%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
Cl, 35.62; Ir, 64.38 |
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Addition information of chemical compound: Melting point 763 ° C (lit.), Density 5.3 g/cm3 , Storage conditions Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature, Form Powder, Color Green to brown, Sensitivity Hygroscopic.
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Iridium(III) chloride (IrCl3) is a common iridium compound widely used in various fields due to its excellent catalytic performance.
Chemical catalysis field
The application in the field of chemical catalysis is particularly prominent, mainly as an efficient catalyst participating in various chemical reactions.
Catalytic hydrogenation
Usage: It can be used as a catalyst to promote the reaction between organic compounds and hydrogen gas, generating corresponding saturated compounds.
Application examples: In the fields of petrochemicals and organic synthesis, it is often used to catalyze hydrogenation reactions, such as hydrogen to hydrogen hydrogenation reactions.
Catalytic oxidation
Purpose: It can increase the oxidation rate of reactants and promote the oxidation reaction of organic compounds.
Application example: In the production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride by methanol carbonylation, iridium compounds are widely used as homogeneous catalysts to improve reaction efficiency and product quality.
Catalytic addition
Usage: It can be used as a catalyst to promote the breaking of double or triple bonds and achieve addition reactions.
Application example: In organic synthesis, it can be used to catalyze addition reactions of olefins, such as hydrogenation addition, halogenation addition, etc., to generate new organic compounds.
Growing a single crystal
Excellent performance in growing single crystals, especially for preparing high-quality platinum group metal single crystals.
Usage: As a raw material for preparing single crystals, it can grow high-quality and high-purity platinum group metal single crystals.
Application example: In the field of materials science, it is used to grow single crystals of platinum group metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc. These single crystals have wide application value in electronics, optics, catalysis, and other fields.
Application of Chemical Analysis
The solubility of this substance and its reactivity with various compounds make it an important reagent in chemical analysis.
Purpose: Utilizing its solubility and reactivity, it can be used in chemical reagents for ion determination and other analytical work.
Application example: In chemical analysis, it can be used for the determination of iron ions and potassium ions. By adding its solution and reacting with the tested ion, specific compounds or precipitates are generated, thereby achieving quantitative determination of the ion.
Optical field
The application in the field of optics mainly stems from the significant influence of iridium ions on optical properties.
Application: Compounds are widely used in various optical fields, such as liquid color materials for liquid crystal displays, fiber optic communication, etc.
Application example:
Liquid crystal display: Iridium ions in this substance can be used as color materials for liquid crystal displays. By adjusting the concentration and distribution of iridium ions, different colors can be displayed.
Fiber optic communication: In fiber optic communication, it can be used to prepare devices such as fiber amplifiers and fiber sensors, improving the transmission efficiency and stability of fiber optic communication.
Electronic industry
The application in the field of electronics industry is mainly reflected in the manufacturing of special electronic devices.
Purpose: It can be used to manufacture high-performance special electronic devices such as resistors and capacitors.
Application example:
High performance resistors: By utilizing their high stability and conductivity, resistors with high precision and stability can be prepared, which are widely used in electronic circuits.
Capacitor: It can be used in the manufacturing of capacitors to improve their capacitance and stability, meeting the needs of electronic devices.
Synthesis of novel compounds and exploration of chemical reaction pathways
It also has important value in chemical research, which can be used to synthesize new compounds and explore new chemical reaction pathways.
Usage: As a raw material and catalyst for synthesizing new compounds, it can be used to explore new chemical reaction pathways and mechanisms.
Application example:
Synthesis of small molecule doped cyclic metal complexes: It is a common iridium source that can be used to synthesize small molecule doped cyclic metal complexes, such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, copper, and other complexes. These complexes have high emission energy and optoelectronic properties, and are widely used in fields such as optoelectronic materials and sensors.
Exploring new chemical reaction pathways: By utilizing catalytic performance, new chemical reaction pathways and mechanisms can be explored, providing new ideas and methods for chemical research.
Application in Fuel Cells
Iridium(III) chloride also has potential application value in the field of fuel cells, especially in methanol fuel cells.
Usage: As a catalyst for methanol fuel cell anode materials, it can improve the electrochemical catalytic activity and resistance to CO poisoning of methanol.
Application example: In the preparation process of methanol fuel cells, iridium trichloride can be added to the catalyst preparation system together with other metal chlorides (such as platinum chlorides). Through steps such as ultrasonic dispersion and stirring reflux, the catalyst is uniformly dispersed on the carrier. Subsequently, the methanol fuel cell anode material catalyst with high catalytic activity was obtained through steps such as centrifugal separation, washing, and drying. This catalyst has excellent electrochemical catalytic activity and resistance to CO poisoning for methanol, which can improve the performance and stability of methanol fuel cells.
The reaction method of iridium chloride and chlorine gas is a common method for synthesizing Iridium(III) chloride.
The following are the detailed steps and chemical reaction formulas of this method:
1. Preparation of raw materials:
Prepare an appropriate amount of iridium chloride and chlorine gas. Iridium chloride is usually a solid powder, and chlorine gas is a yellow green gas.
2. Heating reaction:
Put iridium chloride and chlorine gas into the reaction device and heat them to a certain temperature. This temperature usually needs to be within a certain range to ensure smooth reaction and high yield.
3. Product separation:
After the reaction is completed, the generated iridium trichloride is separated from the reaction solution. Separation can be carried out using methods such as evaporation, crystallization, and filtration.
4. Purification:
Purify the separated iridium trichloride to remove impurities. The purification methods can include recrystallization, sublimation, and other methods.
The chemical reaction formula for the reaction of iridium chloride and chlorine gas is 2IrCl3 + 3Cl2 → 6IrCl3.
This reaction is a typical displacement reaction, in which chlorine atoms in chlorine gas exchange with chloride ions in iridium chloride to produce iridium trichloride. During the reaction process, iridium chloride and chlorine gas are used as reactants, and iridium trichloride is used as the product. By following the above steps, a certain purity and yield of this compound can be synthesized. This method has the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and high yield, so it is widely used in laboratories and industrial production.
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Recycling And Reuse
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, recycling and reuse are also receiving growing attention. The following are the main methods of recycling:
Principle: The solvent extraction method relies on the interaction between organic solvents and iridium, and extracts iridium from waste through extraction and separation.
Application example: In the treatment of iridium containing waste, solvent extraction can be used to extract it from the waste. By selecting appropriate organic solvents and extraction conditions, efficient and environmentally friendly iridium recovery can be achieved.
Principle: Ion exchange method utilizes the adsorption capacity of ion exchange resin, and then elutes it from the resin with an appropriate eluent.
Application example: When treating iridium containing wastewater, ion exchange resin can be used for adsorption. After the resin is saturated with adsorption, iridium is eluted from the resin using an appropriate eluent to achieve iridium recovery and reuse.
Principle: The chemical precipitation method induces the formation of insoluble precipitates by adding specific chemical reagents, thereby achieving the recovery of iridium.
Application example: In iridium containing waste liquid, an appropriate amount of chemical reagents (such as sulfides, hydroxides, etc.) can be added to form insoluble precipitates. Through steps such as filtration, washing, and drying, pure iridium precipitate can be obtained, achieving iridium recovery.
Principle: Electrochemical method relies on electrochemical reactions to deposit iridium on the electrode surface, which is suitable for efficient recovery of iridium from low concentration solutions.
Application example: When dealing with low concentration solutions containing iridium, electrochemical methods can be used for recovery. By controlling the electrolysis conditions (such as current, voltage, electrolysis time, etc.), iridium is deposited on the electrode surface to form an iridium coating. Subsequently, pure iridium recovery can be obtained through steps such as peeling, washing, and drying.
FAQ
What is iridium chloride used for?
Iridium(III) chloride can be used: As a precursor to synthesize Iridium nanoparticles. As a starting material synthesize Iridium complexes that can be used to fabricate OLEDs.
Is FeCl3 Iron III chloride?
Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula FeCl 3(H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron. They are available both in anhydrous and in hydrated forms, which are both hygroscopic.
What is the structure of ircl3?
IrCl₃ is Aluminum trichloride structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one IrCl₃ sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ir³⁺ is bonded to six Cl¹⁻ atoms to form edge-sharing IrCl₆ octahedra.
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