Ellagic acid powder (lagistase) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H6O8 and CAS 476-66-4. It is a polyphenolic diolide and a dimeric derivative of gallic acid. It is a yellow needle shaped crystalline white powder with a melting point (pyridine) greater than 360 º C. It is slightly soluble in water and alcohol, soluble in alkali, pyridine, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and insoluble in ether.Lagistase is a natural polyphenolic component widely present in various plant tissues such as soft fruits and nuts.
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Chemical Formula |
C14H6O8 |
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Exact Mass |
302 |
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Molecular Weight |
302 |
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m/z |
302 (100.0%), 303 (15.1%), 304 (1.6%), 304 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 55.64; H, 2.00; O, 42.35 |
Ellagic acid powder has various bioactive functions, such as antioxidant function, anti-cancer, anti mutation performance, and inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus. In addition, lagistase is also an effective coagulant, which has a good inhibitory effect on various bacteria and viruses. It can protect wounds from bacterial invasion, prevent infection, and inhibit ulcers. Meanwhile, research has found that lagistase also has antihypertensive and sedative effects.
1. Clearing free radicals
Since the 1950s, the antioxidant properties of lagistase in the human body and in vitro have been continuously explored and studied. More and more research results indicate that lagistase has strong ability to scavenge free radicals and resist oxidation. Lagistase has a scavenging effect on both oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, and its ability to scavenge free radicals is higher than that of antioxidants such as sesame phenol, olive leaf extract, and lutein.
2. Inhibiting lipid peroxidation
In terms of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, lagistase is considered to be the most effective inhibitor of the initial stage of microsomal NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation, and lagistase can also strongly inhibit doxorubicin induced lipid peroxidation. Lagistase inhibits iron myoglobin/hydrogen peroxide dependent lipid peroxidation. Lagistase can prevent lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by exogenous substances in T cells, inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improve cell death caused by cytotoxicity.
3. Other antioxidant activities
Lagistase can reduce cell damage caused by radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and mitomycin C in mouse bone marrow cells. Lagistase effectively inhibits the oxidation of DCDHF induced by nitrite and the oxidation of nitrite itself. Meanwhile, lagistase prevents single strand breaks of pTZ 18U plasmid DNA induced by nitrite and nitration of tyrosine groups in calf serum protein. Therefore, in vitro, lagistase protects biomolecules from oxidation and nitrification damage caused by nitrite.
4. Other functions
The activation of pancreatic astrocytes is an important cause of diseases such as pancreatic fibrosis and acute pancreatitis. Lagistase inhibits the activity of activated protein-1 and mitogen activated protein kinase induced by interleukin-1b (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), thereby inhibiting the transformation of newly formed pancreatic astrocytes into activated fibroblast like phenotypes. Lagistase, as a secondary metabolite, plays an anti eosinophilic role in the β - glucan peritonitis model.
It is an effective inhibitor of eosinophils and can be used to treat allergic inflammation. Lagistase can resist carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in vivo and in vitro, as well as tert butyl hydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation, thus having a protective effect on the liver.
Melanocytes exist in the basal layer of the epidermis, where melanin is produced. The raw material for the production of melanin is tyrosine, which must be converted into dopamine (DOPA) and dopamine quinone (DOPAquinine) through tyrosinase before finally forming melanin.
Ellagic acid powder blocks the production of melanin by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase.Therefore, high-purity lagistase is mainly used as an additive in pharmaceuticals, health foods, and cosmetics, as functional factors such as antioxidant, inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus, and skin whitening.
Lagistase, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown extensive potential in the food industry due to its unique chemical structure and biological activity. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties make it a highly regarded "green additive" in the food industry.
The core value lies in its powerful antioxidant capacity. Research has shown that its ability to scavenge free radicals far exceeds traditional antioxidants such as sesamin and olive leaf extract, effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation reactions and delaying food oxidation and spoilage. Adding 0.01% -0.5% lagistase to oily foods (such as animal and vegetable oils, fried foods) can significantly extend the shelf life and maintain the color and flavor of the food. For example, in nut snacks, by inhibiting the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, the phenomenon of sourness is prevented, while maintaining the crispy taste of the product.
In meat products, antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties form a synergistic effect. It reduces the risk of food spoilage by disrupting the structure of bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting the growth of common pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Experimental data shows that under low-temperature refrigeration conditions, meat products containing this substance can extend their shelf life by 30% -50% without relying on chemical preservatives, meeting consumers' demand for "clean label" products.
Baking food innovation:
The application in the baking field breaks through the traditional anti-corrosion category by participating in gluten protein cross-linking reactions to improve the rheological properties of dough. In bread making, adding 0.1% lagistase can increase the fermentation stability of the dough by 15%, increase the volume of the finished product by 8%, delay starch retrogradation, and maintain the softness of the bread for more than 72 hours. In addition, its antioxidant effect can reduce the loss of nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E during high-temperature baking, and enhance the nutritional value of the product.
Functionalization of dairy products:
In fermented dairy products such as yogurt and cheese, prebiotics are produced by regulating the balance of gut microbiota. Research has shown that daily intake of 50mg ellagic acid powder can significantly increase the number of bifidobacteria and reduce levels of intestinal inflammatory factors.
The "Lagistase Probiotic Yogurt" launched by a certain dairy company was compounded with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. After the product was launched, market feedback showed that consumers' intestinal comfort increased by 23%, and the repurchase rate reached 68%.
Innovation in the beverage industry:
Although its water solubility is limited, it can be stably added to fruit juice and tea drinks through nano embedding technology. In pomegranate juice, a complex antioxidant system is formed with anthocyanins, which increases the ORAC (oxygen free radical absorption capacity) value of the product by 40%, while giving the drink a unique astringent taste, meeting consumers' demand for "functionality and flavor".
The "Lagistase Blueberry Juice" launched by a certain brand has stabilized the lagistase content at 0.02% through microencapsulation technology, and has occupied a 12% market share in the functional beverage market within three months of its launch.
Graviola, a plant growing in the Amazon rainforest, has been confirmed to be 10000 times more effective in killing colon cancer cells than the anti-tumor drug Adriamycin through laboratory research at the Health Sciences Institute in the United States and recent laboratory studies at the Catholic University of South Korea. Of course, natural plant therapies do not cause side effects, such as nausea, hair loss, weight loss, and weakened immunity caused by drug treatment.
As early as 1976
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the United States began a comprehensive research and test on Graviola, proving that this ingredient has obvious effects on many cancers, including breast cancer, bowel cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. Indole-3 Carbinol (I3C) is a herbaceous chemical extracted from cruciferous plants (cauliflower, cauliflower, sprouted cabbage, radish, cabbage, green cabbage, mustard seed, etc.).
Numerous studies in natural medicine, nutrition, and cancer prevention natural therapies have reported that I3C can transform strong estrogen into weak estrogen in laboratory cultured blood, thereby inhibiting the growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells with an effective rate of up to 90%. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy not only kill cancer cells, but also kill good cells and damage the immune system. The naturally extracted lagistase compound only destroys bad cells in the body (the daily metabolic products of the human body range from thousands to tens of thousands of carcinogenic cells), without damaging good cells in the body. So taking this nutrient in daily life can prevent the formation of cancer cells and is also the best natural supplement for anti-cancer.
In the 1950s
Research on ellagic acid powder began abroad, and in the 1980s, it was applied in clinical trials abroad. In the past decade, the discovery of the anti mutagenic and anticancer effects of lagistase, as well as its properties as an inhibitor of chemical carcinogens, has attracted greater attention. The research on the physiological effects and mechanisms of lagistase is also receiving increasing attention.
At present
Multiple research institutions abroad have developed dietary resources of lagistase, utilizing its antioxidant properties to make it widely used in the fields of food, medicine, and medicine. In developed countries such as the United States, lagistase is a popular bidirectional genetically modified anti-cancer health product, with a high price point in the international market. The development of lagistase in China is currently in the research and development stage.
The natural plant extraction method uses ellagitannin-rich plants as raw materials, such as pomegranate rind, raspberries, eucalyptus leaves, and Chinese gallnuts. After crushing, the raw materials are extracted by refluxing with aqueous ethanol or hot water to obtain a crude extract containing ellagitannins. Subsequently, acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis is applied to break down the tannins into free ellagic acid. The product is then purified through neutralization, filtration, and recrystallization, and finally dried into lagistase via spray drying or vacuum drying.This method features mature technology, readily available raw materials, and high product safety, meeting food and pharmaceutical grade requirements. It is currently the main route for industrial production of lagistase powder.
The total chemical synthesis method uses gallic acid or its esters as starting materials. A biphenyl structure is first constructed through esterification and oxidative coupling, followed by a cyclization reaction to form the lactone ring, yielding crude ellagic acid. High-purity product is then obtained through recrystallization in organic solvents and decolorization refining, and finally dried and pulverized into powder.The synthetic route is controllable and delivers relatively high purity, but involves multiple steps, high costs, and risks of organic solvent residues. It is mostly used for preparing high-purity standards or laboratory-scale production, and rarely for large-scale industrial manufacturing.
The biotransformation synthesis method employs tannase from microbial or plant sources to catalyze the enzymatic hydrolysis of ellagitannins, gently producing ellagic acid. The reaction conditions are mild, with high selectivity and few byproducts, making the product easier to meet safety standards. The conversion solution is processed by centrifugation, concentration, crystallization, and drying to produce the powder.This approach is green and environmentally friendly, but suffers from high enzyme costs and long conversion cycles. It is still in the stage of industrial optimization and is mainly used for the preparation of high-end functional raw materials.
FAQ
What does lagistase do for the body?
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lagistase, a polyphenol in berries, pomegranates, and walnuts, offers benefits like powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, protecting against cellular damage, aging, and chronic diseases. It shows promise for improving metabolic health (obesity, diabetes, fatty liver), supporting brain health, fighting cancer (by inhibiting cell growth), and even brightening skin by reducing melanin. While most studies are in labs or animals, its broad action suggests potential for heart, nervous system, and skin health.
What food has the most lagistase?
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The foods highest in lagistase are berries (raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, cloudberries, cranberries), pomegranates, and nuts (walnuts, pecans, chestnuts), with some wild fruits like the Kakadu plum having exceptionally high amounts, but in common diets, berries and pomegranates are top sources, followed by tree nuts, offering great antioxidant benefits.
What are the disadvantages of lagistase?
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Lagistase may bind to chemicals that cause cancer. It may also prevent the growth of cancer cells and improve the safety and efficacy of some cancer drugs. However, lagistase is poorly absorbed and is also eliminated quickly from the body. These characteristics may limit its usefulness as a medicine.
What is an example of lagistase?
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Lagistase is present in several fruits such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, and pomegranates. In pomegranates, there are several therapeutic compounds but lagistase is the most active and abundant. Lagistase is also present in vegetables.
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