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Matrine powder, a natural alkaloid extracted primarily from the roots of the Sophora flavescens plant, also known as Kushen in traditional Chinese medicine, holds significant therapeutic potential in modern medicine. This bioactive compound possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antineoplastic effects.
In traditional usage, Matrine has been utilized for centuries to treat conditions like hepatitis, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders due to its ability to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Its antibacterial properties make it effective against various bacterial strains, particularly those resistant to conventional antibiotics, offering a promising alternative in the fight against drug-resistant infections.
Moreover, research has demonstrated that Matrine exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death), and suppressing angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) in tumors. These anticancer effects have been explored in preclinical studies for the treatment of cancers such as liver, lung, and breast cancers.
Furthermore, Matrine's antiviral properties have garnered attention in recent years, with studies suggesting its efficacy against viral infections like hepatitis B and HIV. Its ability to interfere with viral replication mechanisms makes it a potential therapeutic candidate in the field of antiviral therapy.
In conclusion, Matrine, with its diverse pharmacological properties, represents a valuable natural resource for the development of novel drugs to address a wide array of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer. Ongoing research continues to unravel its full therapeutic potential, offering hope for improved treatment options in the future.

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Chemical Formula |
C15H24N2O |
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Exact Mass |
248.19 |
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Molecular Weight |
248.37 |
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m/z |
248.19 (100.0%), 249.19 (16.2%), 250.20 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 72.54; H, 9.74; N, 11.28; O, 6.44 |

The original plant and hot water crude extract of Sophora alopecuroides have been used in the West for 25 years. The extract of Sophora flavescens alkaloids, originally containing 20% oxymatrine and Matrine powder, was introduced to the Western market by the Institute of Materia Medica in the form of oxymatrine tablets under the name Oxymatrine. It was launched in 1998. Its use has no side effects. In China, Sophora alkaloids are usually injected, but this method is not accepted in the West and is taken orally. After oral administration, most of the oxymatrine is converted into matrine; If a high blood concentration of oxymatrine is required, injection is necessary. However, it is unknown whether the efficacy of oxymatrine is better than matrine in clinical trials. Chinese researchers also use tablets of Sophora alkaloids, and the effect seems to be similar to injection. Sophora flavescens can also be decocted and taken as traditional Chinese medicine.
Sophora flavescens contains a large amount of alkaloids, among which the highest content is matrine and oxymatrine, accounting for 2% of the total weight of Sophora flavescens roots (most of which exist in the form of oxymatrine). There are also other similar alkaloids, mainly Sophocarpine (C15H22N2O), as well as a small amount of sophoronol, sophoramine, sophoridine allomatrine, isomatrine and other alkaloid components. (See Figure 2). These components were first discovered from Sophora flavescens between 1958 and 1978.
Sophora flavescens injection was used to treat 64 patients with chronic hepatitis B and compared with alpha interferon. After 3 months of treatment with Sophora flavescens injection (600mg/day x 45 days, then 400mg/day x 45 days), the general symptoms of chronic hepatitis such as fatigue, poor appetite, and abdominal distension disappeared in about 90% of patients. Some patients also experienced varying degrees of shrinkage in liver and spleen enlargement (2.63% and 38.1%, respectively). In addition, it has a certain elevating effect on peripheral blood leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The improvement effect on liver function is good, and the normalization rates of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum total bilirubin (SB) are 81.6% and 69.9%, respectively. The negative change rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA are 44.4% and 45.3%, respectively.
After interferon treatment, the negative conversion rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA are 46.0% and 48.0%, respectively. There is no difference between matrine and alpha interferon, indicating that matrine injection has a relatively ideal therapeutic effect on chronic hepatitis B. In this study, except for a few patients who experienced mild local pain during intramuscular injection, no other adverse reactions were observed throughout the entire course of treatment, indicating the safety of Sophora flavescens injection. This study only focuses on short-term efficacy, and further research is needed to determine its long-term efficacy.
Clinical medical research in China shows that after 12 weeks of treatment with 600 mg intramuscular injection of Sophora flavescens once a day, the negative conversion rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA in 39 patients with hepatitis B were 44.4% and 50.0%, respectively. Treatment with ALT and AST showed significant improvement in liver function, with a total effective rate of 70.0%. The results showed that Sophora flavescens has anti HBV and enzyme lowering effects. Simultaneously possessing good safety and tolerability, with no toxic side effects.
Another Case: Infectious Disease Hospital Report: 42 patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with Sophora flavescens. The results showed that the recovery rate of general symptoms such as nausea and fatigue after Sophora flavescens treatment was 94.4%, and the recovery rate of liver pain and abdominal distension was 100%.

Some patients also showed varying degrees of shrinkage in the enlarged liver and spleen (30.0% and 30%, respectively) 3%) has a certain increasing effect on the reduction of peripheral hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets. The normalization rates of ALT, AST, and SB by Sophora flavescens were 71.4%, 61.9%, and 100%, respectively. The negative conversion rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA were 50% and 30.8%, respectively, which showed significant differences compared with the control group Various preparations of Sophora flavescens can improve the liver function of patients with chronic hepatitis B, increase the negative conversion rate of HBeAg and HBV DNA, and have long-lasting therapeutic effects even after discontinuation.
Clinical trial results in China: 17 patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with intramuscular injection of 600mg of Sophora flavescens once a day. After treatment, serum HBV DN A turned negative in 8 cases (47.1%). Among the 18 patients in the control group, 1 case (5.6%) had a negative conversion of serum HBV DNA. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The serum ALT normalization rate in the Sophora flavescens treatment group was higher than that in the control group at the end of the 1st and 2nd month after treatment. The results showed that Sophora flavescens had an inhibitory effect on HCV proliferation, and its HBV DN A conversion rate was close to that of recombinant alpha-2b interferon in foreign countries Therefore, Sophora flavescens is expected to become one of the effective means of anti HCV.
Research suggests that the mechanism of action of Sophora flavescens against HBV and HCV may be:
(1) Oxymatrine induces the production of certain substances (such as cytokines like interferon) within cells, thereby enhancing the degradation of HBV and HCV gene products;
(2) The chemical structure of oxymatrine is similar to that of purine, and its ability to interfere with HBV and HCV mechanisms in cells or in vivo requires further investigation.
Clinical trial results in China: A chronic liver injury fibrosis model was established in rats using carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), and Oxy was used for prevention and treatment. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), type IV collagen (IV-C), hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α), and pathological changes in liver tissue were dynamically observed. The proliferation of fibrous tissue in the liver was analyzed using a computer image analysis system. The results showed that the serum ALT, IV-C, HA, TNF - α levels, inflammation activity and fibrosis degree in the liver tissue of the Oxy treatment group were lower than those of the model group, and the high-dose treatment group was lower than the low-dose treatment group, indicating that Oxy has reduced liver inflammation activity, inhibited collagen synthesis and anti liver fibrosis effects.
Clinical trial results in China: Using NIH3T3 fibroblasts as target cells, MTT assay, Northern blot hybridization, and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied. The study found that when the concentration of Oxy was greater than 62.5 ug/ml, the proliferation activity of fibroblasts was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibited cells had small volume, few cytoplasm, mostly spindle shaped or round, small nucleus, and few cells in the nuclear division stage. Oxy can significantly inhibit the expression of type III procollagen mRNA and transforming growth factor - β 1 in fibroblasts, suggesting that the above findings may be one of the mechanisms by which Oxy inhibits liver fibrosis.
There are different reports on the effects of oxymatrine on immune function. It is generally believed to be a bidirectional immune modulator that can stimulate lymphocyte proliferation at low concentrations and inhibit it at high concentrations. But overall, the main effect is immune suppression.
Clinical trials have shown that research has found that oxymatrine has inhibitory effects on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells induced by lung cancer and gastric cancer cells, indicating that oxymatrine may become a therapeutic drug for preventing and treating tumor metastasis.
6. Matrine powder has anti allergic and anti-inflammatory effects
Can regulate immunity and increase white blood cells. In recent years, studies have found that Oxy and Matrine Mat have anti allergic effects, can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, regulate histamine release in mouse and rat peritoneal mast cells, effectively inhibit IgE cross-linking and the release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediators, and have a stabilizing effect on cell membranes. There are also reports of Oxy 100 mg ·; Kg-1 can increase the content of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 and activate adenylate cyclase on the cell membrane, thereby increasing intracellular cAMP levels. Oxy at 100 mg/kg has a strong choleretic effect on rats, which may be related to the increase in intracellular calcium levels. The effect of Oxy on the proliferation of immune system cells is closely related to cell status, and the elevation of white blood cell function and inhibition of autoimmunity can be applied in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
potentially treatment
Cancer:
- Matrine has demonstrated anticancer effects against various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC).
- It inhibits cancer cell growth, migration, and promotes apoptosis (programmed cell death) through various mechanisms, such as altering Bcl-2/Bax protein ratios and suppressing miR-182-5p expression in cancer cells.
- Animal studies have shown that administered through intragastric administration, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft mouse models.
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress:
- Matrine exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, helping to reduce oxidative damage and inflammation caused by various stimuli.
- In vitro studies have shown that Matrine powder inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in injured cells.
- It also reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in injured cells by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 pathway.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
- Has been found to be beneficial in reducing renal damage and apoptosis in AKI models induced by cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent.
- Administration of Matrine reduces inflammation, activates the SIRT3/OPA1 axis, and salvages renal mitochondrial dysfunction.
Infectious Diseases:
- While direct evidence for Matrine's use in treating specific infectious diseases is limited, its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties suggest potential applications in controlling infections.
- Further research is needed to fully understand its role in this area.
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB):
- Matrine has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in CHB patients, where it may help improve liver function and reduce viral load.
- However, more clinical studies are required to confirm its efficacy and safety in CHB treatment.
White Blood Cell Disorders:
- Matrine has been used to treat white blood cell disorders, particularly those caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which can lead to a decrease in white blood cell counts.

Matrine powder, a bioactive alkaloid derived from the roots of Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, boasts a rich history of medicinal use spanning centuries. Its application can be traced back to ancient times in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), where it was revered for its ability to alleviate various ailments.
Historically, matrine was employed to treat conditions such as fever, inflammation, and even certain forms of pain, owing to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. In TCM theories, it was believed to harmonize the body's qi and blood flow, promoting overall health and well-being.
As scientific research progressed, the pharmacological potential of Matrine was further elucidated. Modern studies have confirmed its efficacy in combating hepatitis, cancer, and skin diseases, among others. Its antiviral and antitumor activities have garnered significant attention, particularly in the field of oncology, where Matrine-based therapies are being explored as potential adjuvants in cancer treatment.
Moreover, Matrine's neuroprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and immunomodulatory effects have broadened its therapeutic scope. Today, it is not only used in traditional formulations but also incorporated into modern pharmaceutical preparations, demonstrating the enduring value of this ancient medicinal compound in contemporary medicine.
In conclusion, Matrine's medicinal history is a testament to the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine and the ongoing scientific endeavor to unlock its full therapeutic potential for the benefit of humanity.
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