4-aminophenol powder is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H7NO, CAS 123-30-8, At room temperature, it appears as white crystals. Has strong reducibility and is easily oxidized by oxygen in the air. It is slightly soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and chloroform, and quickly turns brown when dissolved in alkaline solution. It turns grayish brown when exposed to light or air, and is commonly used as an intermediate for fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and dyes. The dyes synthesized for intermediates will also focus on the development of multifunctionality. For example, by introducing special functional groups or additives, dyes can have special functions such as antibacterial, UV resistant, flame retardant, etc; Integrating multiple functions through the development of new composite dyes and other methods.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H7NO |
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Exact Mass |
109 |
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Molecular Weight |
109 |
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m/z |
109 (100.0%), 110 (6.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 66.04; H, 6.47; N, 12.84; O, 14.66 |
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Synthesis of 4-aminophenol:
4-Aminophenol powder can be obtained by hydrolyzing p-nitrochlorobenzene into sodium p-nitrophenol in sodium hydroxide, followed by acidification and iron powder reduction.
Mix sodium hydroxide into a solution with a concentration of 137-140g/l in the alkali mixing kettle, then add it to the hydrolysis kettle, add molten p-nitrochlorobenzene, raise the temperature to 152 ℃, and the pressure inside the kettle is 0.4-0.42MPa (gauge pressure). Stop heating, and the heat released from the hydrolysis reaction will raise the temperature and pressure to 165 ℃ and 0.6MPa (gauge pressure). After 3 hours of reaction, take a sample for analysis to make the oily fraction<0.5%, and then hydrolyze to the endpoint.
Cool to 120 ℃. Add water and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to the first crystallization pot, then press the hydrolysate into it and cool it down to 50-55 ℃. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to make the Congo red test paper purple, continue to cool it down to 30 ℃, and filter it into a centrifuge for dehydration.
Add the final batch of purified and filtered mother liquor of para aminophenol into a reduction pot, heat it to 90 ℃, add iron powder and 30% hydrochloric acid, and alternately add iron powder and para nitrophenol in boiling state. During the feeding process, depending on the reaction situation (such as overflow from the pot), cold refined filtered mother liquor can be added.
Boiling reduction to the endpoint (the reaction solution drops on white filter paper, and the filtration ring should be colorless). Add a certain amount of hot refined mother liquor and magnesium oxide until there are no iron ions in the reaction solution.
Let it stand for 30 minutes, release the upper clear liquid, filter the mother liquor with 98 ℃ crystallization to form the lower iron mud, filter, and pour the filtrate into the second crystallization kettle.
The second crystallization kettle is cooled to 60-65 ℃ within 4 hours, and then put into the third crystallization kettle to continue cooling to 25 ℃ within 4 hours, maintain for 30 minutes, and centrifuge and filter. Prepare a sodium bisulfite solution with SO2 content of 4% to 5% in the refining kettle, add the filtered filter cake after crystallization, stir for 1.5 hours, centrifuge and filter, and dry the filter cake with negative pressure airflow to obtain the finished product of para aminophenol. The refined mother liquor will be recycled during the next batch of reduction.
4-Aminophenol powder, also known as p-aminophenol, is an important fine organic chemical intermediate that plays a crucial role in the dye industry.
Synthetic azo dyes
Azo dyes are a type of dye containing azo groups (- N=N -), known for their bright colors and complete chromatography. It can serve as a coupling component and react with diazonium salts to generate various azo dyes. These dyes are widely used for dyeing and printing textiles such as cotton, linen, silk, and synthetic fibers.
The synthesis of azo dyes typically involves three steps: diazotization, coupling, and post-treatment. It plays a crucial role in the coupling step, and its reactivity and selectivity determine the yield and quality of azo dyes.
Synthetic fur dye
Fur dyes are a type of dye specifically used for dyeing fur. Due to the unique structure and properties of fur fibers, dyes are required to have good permeability and adhesion. It can be used to synthesize various fur dyes, such as fur brown P. These dyes have bright colors, good permeability, and good bonding fastness.
The synthesis of fur dyes typically involves multiple chemical reactions and process steps. As one of the important intermediates, it plays a crucial role in the synthesis process. By reasonable process design and reaction condition control, high-quality fur dye products can be obtained.
Specific cases as intermediates in dye synthesis
(1) Synthesis of Sulfide Deep Blue 3R
Sulfur blue 3R is an important sulfur dye widely used for dyeing fibers such as cotton and linen. The synthesis process usually involves the reaction of sodium sulfide with aromatic compounds containing amino or hydroxyl groups. As one of the aromatic compounds containing amino groups, it can react with sodium sulfide to form the intermediate of sulfurized deep blue 3R. Then, after further processing, the final sulfurized deep blue 3R product can be obtained.
The synthesis process of sulfurized deep blue 3R has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high yield, and high product purity. Meanwhile, due to its advantages as an intermediate, such as easy availability of raw materials and mature technology, the production cost of sulfurized deep blue 3R is relatively low and the quality is stable and reliable.
(2) Synthesis of weakly acidic yellow 6G
Weakly acidic yellow 6G is an important acidic dye suitable for dyeing protein fibers and nylon fibers. The synthesis process usually involves diazotization and coupling reactions. As one of the coupling components, it can react with diazonium salts to form an intermediate of weakly acidic yellow 6G. Then, after further processing, the final weakly acidic yellow 6G product can be obtained.
The synthesis process of weakly acidic yellow 6G has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high yield, and bright product color. Meanwhile, due to its advantages as an intermediate, such as easy availability of raw materials and simple process, the production cost of weakly acidic yellow 6G is relatively low and the quality is stable and reliable.
In this synthesis process, reactivity and selectivity play a crucial role. Through reasonable process design and reaction condition control, high yield and purity of azo dye X products can be obtained. Meanwhile, due to the advantages of easy availability of raw materials and mature processes, 4-aminophenol as an intermediate, the production cost of azo dye X is relatively low and the quality is stable and reliable.
Environmental and safety issues
Environmental issues
During the synthesis of dyes using 4-Aminophenol powder as an intermediate, pollutants such as wastewater, exhaust gas, and waste residue may be generated. If these pollutants are directly discharged into the environment without proper treatment, they will cause serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, effective environmental measures must be taken to reduce the emission of pollutants. For example, advanced wastewater treatment technologies can be used to reduce the content of organic matter in wastewater; Efficient exhaust gas purification technology can be used to reduce the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gas; Reasonable waste disposal methods can be adopted to reduce the impact of waste on the environment.
In addition, the generation of pollutants can be reduced by improving synthesis processes, optimizing reaction conditions, and other methods. For example, low toxicity and low harm raw materials can be used to replace high toxicity and high harm raw materials; Efficient catalysts can be used to reduce reaction temperature and pressure conditions, thereby reducing the generation of pollutants.
SECURITY ISSUES
In the process of synthesizing dyes using 4-aminophenol as an intermediate, there may be some hazardous substances and hazardous operations involved. For example, it has certain toxicity and corrosiveness; During the synthesis process, flammable, explosive and other hazardous substances may be generated; During the operation, there may be hazardous conditions such as high temperature and high pressure involved. Therefore, effective safety measures must be taken to ensure the safety of the production process. For example, advanced automation control systems can be used to reduce the risk of manual operations; Reliable measures such as explosion and fire prevention can be taken to reduce the likelihood of accidents occurring; We can strengthen safety training and education for production personnel to enhance their safety awareness and emergency response capabilities.
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