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5-Bromo-2-furaldehyde is a white to light yellow crystalline powder with a slight irritating odor. Molecular formula C5H3BrO2, CAS 1899-24-7. Due to the presence of bromine atoms and aldehyde groups in this compound, its thermal stability may be relatively poor and it is prone to decomposition or oxidation reactions. Easy to deteriorate or produce harmful gases under heating conditions. It can be soluble in water as well as organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. It can be used as a pharmaceutical intermediate to synthesize biologically active compounds, such as antibacterial drugs, antiviral drugs, and anti-tumor drugs. It can be used to treat organic waste containing bromine and convert it into harmless or low toxicity substances through reactions such as reduction or oxidation, achieving the resource utilization of waste. It can be used as a synthetic polymer monomer to prepare high-performance polymer materials, such as polymer fibers, plastic films, and biodegradable materials.
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Chemical Formula |
C5H3BrO2 |
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Exact Mass |
174 |
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Molecular Weight |
175 |
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m/z |
174 (100.0%), 176 (97.3%), 175 (5.4%), 177 (5.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 34.32; H, 1.73; Br, 45.66; O, 18.29 |
5-Bromo-2-furaldehyde has potential application value in electrochemical energy storage, mainly involving the manufacturing of energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.
1. Battery energy storage:
It can be used as an active substance in the battery and participate in the charging and discharging process. Its bromine atoms and aldehyde groups can react with the electrolyte, achieving the storage and release of electrical energy. Specifically, it can be used as a positive or negative electrode material in types of batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, or bromine ion batteries. In these batteries, the storage and release of electrical energy are achieved through reversible redox reactions. Compared to traditional batteries, batteries using 5-Bromo 2 furaldehide as the active substance have advantages such as higher energy density, faster charging and discharging speed, and better cycle stability.
2. Supercapacitor energy storage:
It can also be used as an active substance in supercapacitors for rapid storage and release of electrical energy. Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high power density and fast charging and discharging capabilities, widely used in hybrid vehicles, electronic products, and renewable energy fields. As an active substance in supercapacitors, it can store and release electrical energy through double layer charge storage or Faraday reactions. Compared to traditional electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors using 5-Bromo 2 furaldehide as the active material have advantages such as higher energy density, longer cycle life, and better environmental adaptability.
3. Performance improvement of energy storage devices:
It can also be combined with other active substances or electrode materials to enhance the performance of energy storage devices. For example, by combining 5-Bromo 2 furaldehide with electrode materials such as carbon materials, conductive polymers, or other metal oxides, high-performance electrode materials can be prepared. These composite electrode materials can improve the performance of energy storage devices in terms of energy density, power density, cycle life, and safety.
It should be noted that the application of electrochemical energy storage is still in the research stage, and further experimental verification and technological breakthroughs are needed for practical applications. At the same time, sufficient evaluation is also needed for factors such as safety, environmental friendliness, and production cost in electrochemical energy storage. In the future, with the deepening of related research and the development of technology, the application prospects in the field of electrochemical energy storage will be even broader.
5-bromo-2-furfural (CAS number: 1899-24-7), also known as 5-bromo-furfural, 5-bromo-2-sugar aldehyde, 5-bromo-furan-2-carbaldehyde, etc., is an organic compound with a specific chemical structure. Its molecular formula is C5H3BrO2, with a molecular weight of 174.98. It has unique physical and chemical properties, such as a brown needle like appearance, a certain melting point, and specific density and refractive index. These properties make 5-bromo-2-furfural have potential application value in multiple fields, especially in electrochemical energy storage.
Background and Importance of Electrochemical Energy Storage
Electrochemical energy storage is a technology that converts electrical energy into chemical energy and stores it, and then converts the chemical energy into electrical energy when needed. This technology has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and recyclability, and is currently one of the hotspots in the field of energy research. With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the rapid development of renewable energy, electrochemical energy storage technology is playing an increasingly important role in areas such as grid regulation, distributed energy access, and electric vehicle charging stations.
The Application Principle of 5-Bromo-2-Furfural in Electrochemical Energy Storage
As an organic compound, the specific functional groups and properties in its molecular structure make it potentially valuable for electrochemical energy storage. Specifically, 5-bromo-2-furfural can be chemically modified or combined with other materials to form energy storage materials with specific electrochemical properties. These materials can undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions during the charging and discharging process, thereby achieving the storage and release of electrical energy.
Preparation and Performance Optimization of 5-Bromo-2-Furfural based Energy Storage Materials
Performance optimization
(1) Morphology control:
By adjusting preparation conditions such as reaction temperature, time, and reactant concentration, the morphology and structure of 5-bromo-2-fluorofural based materials can be controlled. Specific morphological structures can increase the specific surface area of materials, improve electrolyte wettability and ion transport efficiency, thereby enhancing energy storage performance.
(2) Doping modification:
Doping other elements or compounds into 5-bromo-2-fluorofural based materials to alter their electronic structure and chemical properties. Doping can introduce new active sites, improve the redox activity of materials, and enhance their stability and cycling performance.
(3) Composite design:
Composite energy storage materials are formed by combining 5-bromo-2-furfural based materials with other functional materials such as metal oxides, carbon materials, etc. Composite materials can integrate the advantages of different materials to achieve complementary and optimized performance.
Electrochemical Performance Evaluation of 5-Bromo-2-Furfural based Energy Storage Materials
To evaluate the electrochemical performance of 5-bromo-2-furfural based energy storage materials, a series of experimental tests and analyses are required. These tests include cyclic voltammetry testing, constant current charge discharge testing, AC impedance testing, etc. Through these tests, key indicators such as specific capacity, cycling stability, and rate performance of the material can be obtained.
1. Cyclic voltammetry test
Cyclic voltammetry is a commonly used electrochemical testing method that records the curve of current variation with potential by cyclically scanning the electrode within a certain potential range. This testing method can reveal the redox reaction process and reversibility of materials. For 5-bromo-2-furfural based energy storage materials, cyclic voltammetry testing can evaluate the activity and reversibility of their redox reactions, as well as the cyclic stability of the material.
2. Constant current charge and discharge test
Constant current charge and discharge testing is the process of charging and discharging electrodes at a certain current density, and recording the curve of potential variation over time. This testing method can obtain key indicators such as specific capacity and Coulomb efficiency of the material. For 5-bromo-2-furfural based energy storage materials, constant current charge discharge testing can evaluate their energy storage performance and cycling stability.
3. AC impedance test
AC impedance testing is a method of measuring electrode impedance by applying a small amplitude AC signal. This testing method can obtain parameters such as charge transfer resistance and ion diffusion coefficient of the material. For 5-bromo-2-furfural based energy storage materials, AC impedance testing can evaluate their ion transport performance and charge transfer efficiency.
Practical Application Case of 5-Bromo-2-Furfural in Electrochemical Energy Storage
At present, some studies have applied 5-bromo-2-furfural or its derivatives to the field of electrochemical energy storage. For example, some studies have synthesized carbon materials with special morphology and structure using biomass derivatives furfural (including analogues of 5-bromo-2-fluorol) as the main raw material through specific chemical methods. These carbon materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and cycling stability as energy storage electrode materials.
Specifically, some studies have used Schiff base reaction and one-step hydrothermal carbonization method to prepare carbon particles with special morphology using furfural as the carbon source. By chemically activating and regulating the pore structure, and combining with electrochemically active metal oxides, different water-based zinc ion carbon based energy storage electrode materials were constructed. These materials have high specific surface area and rich pore structure, which is conducive to the rapid transport and storage of electrolytes. The experimental results indicate that these materials exhibit high capacity, high energy/power density, and excellent cycling stability in zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors.
In addition, research has utilized activated "bayberry shaped" porous carbon as a carrier to introduce metal manganese oxide in situ during the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon particles, and designed and synthesized MnO2 coated "bayberry shaped" porous carbon particles. This composite material, as a positive electrode material for zinc manganese batteries, exhibits high reversible specific capacity and excellent energy density. After continuous charge and discharge cycles, it can still maintain high specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency. These research results provide useful references and guidance for the application of 5-bromo-2-fluorofural in the field of electrochemical energy storage.
The following is a laboratory synthesis method for 5-Bromo-2-furaldehyde:
The reaction between formaldehyde and bromine: HCHO + Br2 → HCOHBr + H2CO2Br
Reaction promoted by formic acid: HCOHBr + H2CO2Br → HCOHBrCO2H + H2O
Calcium hydroxide regulates pH value: HCOHBrCO2H + Ca(OH)2 → CaBrCH=O+CO2 + H2 O
Ether extraction: C5H3BrO2 + C8H10 → C5H3BrO2 · C8H10
Distillation to remove ether: C5H3BrO2 · C8H10 → C5H3BrO2 + C8H10
Experimental steps:
Five years of electronic mechanical products precipitation,products mature and stable
After the bromination reaction is completed, formic acid is added to the reaction bottle to increase the yield of the product.
Under the action of formic acid, the reaction solution gradually turns brown, indicating that the reaction is ongoing. At this time, the temperature should be maintained at around 60 ° C and stirring should continue for a period of time to complete the reaction.
Cool the reaction solution to room temperature, add an appropriate amount of water, and adjust the pH value to alkaline with calcium hydroxide.
Filter to remove sediment and wash the filter cake with a small amount of water. Combine the filtrate and wash solution and extract with ether.
Dry the ether extract and distill to remove ether. The residue is 5-Bromo-2-furaldehide.
Slowly add bromine to the reaction solution and control the temperature below 50 ° C. Observing the reaction solution turning yellow indicates that the reaction has begun.
Adverse reactions
5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde is an organic compound with a specific chemical structure, which has certain applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical research, and other fields. However, like many chemicals, while it brings convenience to humans, it may also have adverse effects on human health and the environment. A deep understanding of the adverse reactions of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde is of great significance for the rational use of this compound, safeguarding human health, and protecting the ecological environment.
Acute Toxicity
Animal experiment results
Animal experiments are an important means of studying the acute toxicity of compounds. Through oral, inhalation, or skin contact toxicity experiments on experimental animals such as mice and rats, acute toxic effects of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde on animals can be observed. Research has shown that within a certain dose range, the oral LD50 (LD50) of the compound exhibits strong acute toxicity to mice. When mice ingest a certain dose of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde, they will experience a series of toxic symptoms in a short period of time, such as reduced activity, shortness of breath, convulsions, etc., which can lead to death in severe cases. The experimental results on rats are also similar, and the acute toxicity data under different exposure pathways provide important references for evaluating the acute harm of this compound to humans.
Symptoms of poisoning
After oral ingestion of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde, animals may first experience gastrointestinal irritation symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. This is due to the direct irritant effect of the compound on the gastrointestinal mucosa. As the dosage increases, the symptoms of poisoning will gradually worsen, affecting the central nervous system and causing animals to experience symptoms such as excitement, restlessness, and convulsions, ultimately leading to death due to respiratory or circulatory failure. When exposed by inhalation, animals may quickly experience respiratory irritation symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, etc. In severe cases, it can cause pulmonary edema and be life-threatening. Skin contact with high concentrations of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde may cause skin irritation symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and blistering.
Chronic Toxicity
Effects of Long term Exposure on Animals
Long term exposure experiments usually use lower doses of 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde to infect animals, lasting for months or even years, to observe its effects on chronic toxicity in animals. Research has found that long-term intake of a certain dose of this compound can lead to slow weight gain and hindered growth and development in animals. This may be due to compounds affecting the nutrient absorption and metabolic processes of animals, disrupting normal physiological functions.
Effects of Long term Exposure on Animals
In addition, long-term exposure may also cause damage to important organs such as the liver and kidneys of animals.The liver is the main detoxification organ of the human body. After 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde enters the body, most of it undergoes metabolic transformation in the liver. Long term accumulation can cause liver cell degeneration and necrosis, leading to abnormal liver function. The kidney is an important organ for excreting waste and regulating fluid balance. The damage of compounds to the kidney can manifest as damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and decreased renal function.
Speculation on Potential Chronic Hazards to Human Health
Based on animal experimental results, it can be inferred that long-term exposure to 5-bromo-2-furanaldehyde may pose similar chronic hazards to human health. In the occupational environment, if workers are exposed to air containing the compound for a long time or frequently come into contact with its dust, solution, etc., they may gradually experience physical discomfort symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, dizziness, etc. With prolonged exposure time, it may affect the human immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system, increasing the risk of certain chronic diseases such as liver disease, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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