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Bismuth citrate, white powder, Molecular formula C6H8BiO7, CAS 813-93-4, stable under normal temperature and pressure, avoid strong oxidant contact. It is used as an intermediate of bismuth potassium citrate. Bismth citrate is a broad-spectrum bactericide used in medicine. It has the characteristics of low toxicity and smokeless after combustion. Bismuth compounds are ecologically safe burning rate catalysts. Their low toxicity and catalytic properties similar to those of lead compounds make it promising to replace lead compounds.
Bismth citrate is one of the most important bismuth compounds, which is mainly used in the preparation of gastric drugs. It is an indispensable intermediate for the production of gastric drugs such as bismuth potassium citrate and ranitidine citrate. Studies have shown that bismuth inorganic acid, such as bismuth basic nitrate, has the risk of transforming into nitrite under the action of human tissue, while bismuth organic acid will not. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend for bismuth organic acid to replace bismuth inorganic acid to prepare gastric drugs. In addition, bismth citrate has a good catalytic effect on the combustion of double base propellants. Using it to replace lead compounds as the combustion catalyst of low toxic micro smoke propellants has a good application prospect.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H5BiO7 |
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Exact Mass |
398 |
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Molecular Weight |
398 |
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m/z |
398 (100.0%), 399 (4.3%), 399 (2.2%), 400 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 18.10; H, 1.27; Bi, 52.50; O, 28.13 |
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When studying the environment-friendly green solid propellant, Russian researchers introduced it into the propellant as a combustion catalyst to replace the toxic lead salt, so as to reduce the toxicity of the propellant and eliminate the harm to workers and the environment as much as possible, and achieved good results. At the same time, bismuth citrate replaces lead salt, which eliminates the cyan smoke generated by the combustion of lead catalyst, reduces the characteristic signal of propellant, and is also conducive to the stealth and guidance of missiles. At present, there is no relevant report on the application of bismth citrate in propellants as combustion catalysts, and there is no report on the catalytic mechanism of bismuth compounds at home and abroad. Therefore, bismth citrate is prepared and applied to double base and RDX-CMDB propellants to study the catalytic effect of bismth citrate on the combustion of double base propellants and explore its catalytic mechanism.
Bismuth citrat, with the chemical formula Bi (C ₆ H ₅ O ₇), is an inorganic compound and also the citrate salt of bismuth. It exists in the form of a white crystalline solid and can dissolve in water. In the field of medicine, bismth citrate is widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases due to its unique chemical properties and biological activity. The following will provide a detailed introduction to all the uses of bismth citrate in the pharmaceutical field.
Gastritis
chronic superficial gastritis
Chronic superficial gastritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa, often characterized by upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, belching, and other symptoms. Bismth citrate can astringe the gastric mucosa, reduce inflammation and exudation, and alleviate congestion and edema of the gastric mucosa. At the same time, it can promote the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosa, improve the barrier function of gastric mucosa, and thereby alleviate symptoms of gastritis.
When treating chronic superficial gastritis, bismth citrate is often used in combination with other gastric mucosal protectants or acid suppressants to improve treatment efficacy. This combination therapy can more comprehensively protect the gastric mucosa, reduce the stimulation of gastric acid on the gastric mucosa, and promote the repair of the gastric mucosa.
Gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection
Bismth citrate plays an important role in the treatment of gastritis patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. It can be used in combination with antibiotics to form triple or quadruple therapy, effectively killing Helicobacter pylori and reducing symptoms of gastritis. During the treatment process, bismth citrate can protect the gastric mucosa from antibiotic stimulation and damage, while promoting the repair and regeneration of the gastric mucosa.
Indigestion and stomach pain
dyspepsia
Dysdigestion is one of the common digestive system diseases, often manifested as upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, belching, nausea and other symptoms. Bismth citrate can astringe the gastric mucosa, reduce gastric acid secretion, and alleviate symptoms of indigestion. At the same time, it can also promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve digestive function, and increase appetite.
When treating indigestion, bismth citrate is often used in combination with other digestive enzyme preparations or gastrointestinal motility drugs to improve treatment efficacy. This combination therapy can comprehensively improve digestive function and alleviate symptoms of indigestion.stomachache
Stomach pain is one of the common symptoms of digestive system diseases, which may be caused by various reasons such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, etc. Bismuth citrate has analgesic effects and can alleviate stomach pain symptoms. It can alleviate stomach pain by converging the gastric mucosa, reducing gastric acid secretion, and reducing irritation and damage to the gastric mucosa.
When treating stomach pain, bismth citrate is often used in combination with other analgesics or acid suppressants to improve treatment effectiveness. This combination therapy can more quickly alleviate stomach pain symptoms and reduce adverse drug reactions.
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects
Antibacterial effect
Bismth citrate has a certain antibacterial effect and can inhibit the growth and reproduction of various bacteria. When treating digestive system diseases, it can inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori and alleviate symptoms of gastritis and ulcers. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen causing digestive system diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. Therefore, the antibacterial effect of bismth citrate is of great significance in the treatment of these diseases.
In addition, bismth citrate may also have a certain inhibitory effect on other bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. However, its antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial strength still need further research and verification.
Anti inflammatory effect
Bismth citrate also has certain anti-inflammatory effects, which can alleviate inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. When treating digestive system diseases, it can alleviate congestion and edema of the gastric mucosa, and alleviate inflammatory symptoms. At the same time, it can promote the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosa, improve the barrier function of gastric mucosa, and prevent further development of inflammation.
Synthesis of bismuth potassium citrate
Bismth citrate is an important intermediate for the synthesis of potassium bismth citrate. Bismuth potassium citrate is a commonly used gastric mucosal protectant used to treat chronic gastritis and alleviate symptoms such as stomach pain, heartburn, and acid reflux caused by excessive stomach acid. By reacting bismth citrate with other compounds, potassium bismth citrate can be synthesized and used for clinical treatment.
Bismuth potassium citrate has significant effects in the treatment of digestive system diseases. It can form a protective film covering the gastric mucosa, preventing the erosion of gastric acid and pepsin on the gastric mucosa. Meanwhile, it can also promote the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosa, and improve the barrier function of gastric mucosa.
Synthesis of other drugs
In addition to synthesizing potassium bismth citrate, bismth citrate may also be used to synthesize other drugs or drug intermediates. For example, it may be used to synthesize novel drugs with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, or analgesic effects to meet clinical treatment needs. However, these applications still require further research and development.
Industrial sector
Catalyst
Bismth citrate has a catalytic effect in some chemical reactions and can promote the progress of the reaction. As a catalyst, it can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, increase the reaction rate, and optimize the industrial production process. However, due to bismuth being a rare metal element, the production cost of bismth citrate is relatively high, and its toxicity also limits its application in some fields. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to balance its catalytic effect and cost-effectiveness.
Additives
Bismth citrate can also be used as an additive in the production of certain industrial products. For example, in the production of materials such as plastics and rubber, adding bismth citrate can improve the properties of the materials, such as increasing wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, bismth citrate can also be used in the production of coatings, inks, and other products as a dispersant for pigments or fillers, improving product quality and stability.
Scientific research
In the field of scientific research, bismth citrate is used as a model compound or reaction intermediate to study the properties and reaction mechanisms of bismuth compounds. For example, by studying the reaction of bismth citrate with other compounds, we can gain a deeper understanding of the chemical behavior and reaction patterns of bismuth element. In addition, bismth citrate can also be used to prepare new materials such as nanomaterials and composite materials, providing important raw materials and tools for research in the field of materials science.
Separation and Purification Technology
Bismth citrate is also used in separation and purification techniques. For example, it can be used as an adsorbent for centrifugal columns, developing new stationary phases, and selectively and effectively separating phenolic compounds from natural sources through solid-phase extraction (SPE). This technology has broad application prospects in fields such as environmental monitoring and food safety.
Chemical reagents
Bismth citrate, as a chemical reagent, has a wide range of applications in chemical analysis and synthesis. It can be used to prepare other bismuth compounds, such as bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth oxide, etc. Meanwhile, bismth citrate can also serve as a chelating agent or precipitant for the separation and purification of metal ions. In chemical analysis, bismth citrate can be used to determine the content of certain metal ions, such as indirectly determining the concentration of metal ions by forming complexes or precipitates.
Food additives (restricted)
Although bismth citrate is mentioned as a food additive in some cases, its application in the food industry is strictly limited due to safety concerns. Bismuth element has certain toxicity, and excessive intake may pose a threat to human health. Therefore, in the field of food additives, the use of bismth citrate needs to follow strict regulations and standards to ensure its safety and effectiveness.
Environmental protection field
In the field of environmental protection, the potential application of bismuth citrate still needs further exploration. Due to its antibacterial properties, bismth citrate may be used in areas such as wastewater treatment and water purification. However, further research and experimental verification are needed to determine its feasibility and effectiveness in practical applications.
adverse reaction
Bismuth Citrate is a bismuth containing compound widely used in the treatment of digestive system diseases, especially in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. It works by forming a protective layer on the surface of the gastric mucosa, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and directly killing Helicobacter pylori. However, similar to other drugs, bismuth citrate may also cause a series of adverse reactions, affecting patients' treatment compliance and safety.
Adverse reactions to the digestive system
Change in fecal color
Performance: After taking bismuth citrate, the patient's stool may appear black or dark brown, which is due to the combination of bismuth ions with sulfides in the intestine to form bismuth sulfide.
Mechanism: Bismuth sulfide is a black insoluble compound that causes a color change when excreted with feces.
Clinical data: Multiple studies have shown that the incidence of fecal color changes is as high as 80% -90% in bismuth citrate treatment, but patients usually have no other accompanying symptoms.
Suggestion for treatment: Before treatment, it is necessary to fully inform the patient that this phenomenon is a normal reaction to the medication and avoid stopping the medication due to panic. The color of feces can recover on its own 1-2 days after stopping the medication.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction
Nausea and vomiting: incidence rate: about 5% -15% of patients may experience mild nausea, and vomiting is rare (<5%). Mechanism: Direct stimulation of the gastric mucosa by bismuth ions or drug-induced fluctuations in gastric acid secretion may induce nausea. Suggestion for handling: It is recommended to take medication after meals to reduce irritation. If symptoms persist, it is necessary to evaluate whether to adjust the dosage or change the dressing.
Diarrhea and Constipation: Diarrhea has an incidence rate of about 3% -10%, which may be related to bismuth ions affecting the balance of intestinal flora or increasing intestinal secretion. Constipation: Low incidence (<5%), possibly related to medication slowing down intestinal peristalsis. Treatment suggestion: Mild diarrhea can be relieved by supplementing electrolytes and water; Severe diarrhea requires discontinuation of medication and investigation of other causes. Constipation patients can increase their intake of dietary fiber or use laxatives.
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