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Cytidine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt usually appears as a white crystalline solid that exists as powder or crystalline flakes. Molecular formula C9H16N3NaO11P2, CAS 54394-90-0. It is easily soluble in water and produces a colorless or slightly yellow solution. It is also soluble in acidic and basic solvents such as acetic acid and sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is neutral or slightly alkaline. Optical rotation can be generated for linearly polarized light, but the specific optical rotation is related to solvent, concentration and temperature. It is a biologically active molecule with a variety of important biological functions. It is also widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology. It can be used as a substrate in the laboratory for the synthesis of nucleotide probes, primers and hybridization probes for the detection and analysis of the sequence and structure of DNA and RNA. In addition, it can also be used to modify and regulate the function of nucleic acid molecules.
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Chemical Formula |
C9H13N3Na2O11P2 |
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Exact Mass |
447 |
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Molecular Weight |
447 |
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m/z |
447 (100.0%), 448 (9.7%), 449 (2.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 24.18; H, 2.93; N, 9.40; Na, 10.28; O, 39.36; P, 13.85 |
Cytidine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (CAS number: 54394-90-0) is an important nucleotide compound with a molecular formula of C ₉ H ₁ N3 ₁ O ₁ P ₂ Na ₂ and a molecular weight of 447.14. This compound is a white or off white powder with hygroscopicity, easily soluble in water, and insoluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ether. As a chemical intermediate, it plays a crucial role in various fields such as biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, food, and agriculture.
1. CDP kinase substrates and CTP synthesis
It is a key substrate of CDP kinase, which generates cytidine triphosphate (CTP) through phosphorylation reaction. CTP, as a direct precursor for DNA and RNA biosynthesis, participates in the transmission and expression of genetic information. For example, in the process of RNA synthesis, CTP, ATP, GTP, and UTP together form a nucleotide library to ensure the accurate extension of RNA strands.
2. Nucleoside reductase action and DCMP generation
This compound can also be converted to deoxycytidine monophosphate (DCMP) through the action of nucleoside reductase. DCMP is an important intermediate in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), particularly playing a critical role in DNA damage repair and cell proliferation processes.
For example, in cancer treatment, the metabolic pathway of DCMP is often targeted to inhibit tumor cell DNA synthesis.
3. Energy metabolism and signal transduction
Participate in cellular energy metabolism processes, such as catalyzing the production of UDP glucose through UTP-glucose-1-phosphouridyltransferase, which then participates in glycogen synthesis. In addition, its derivatives such as CDP choline are precursors for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which are crucial for the stability of cell membrane structure and signal transduction.
1. Nucleic acid drug raw materials
It is the basic raw material for synthesizing various nucleic acid drugs. For example, its derivatives such as cytarabine (Ara-C) are commonly used anti leukemia drugs in clinical practice, which block tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA polymerase activity. In addition, the compound can also be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of anti AIDS drugs such as azido thymidine (AZT).
2. Development of diagnostic reagents
As a nucleic acid marker, it can be used to develop highly sensitive diagnostic reagents.
For example, its radioactive or fluorescent labeled derivatives can track the distribution and metabolic dynamics of nucleic acids within cells, providing technical support for early diagnosis of diseases.
3. Exploration of Direct Treatment Application
Research has shown that cytidine 5 '- diphosphate disodium salt itself may have pharmacological activity. For example, it can inhibit tumor growth by regulating cellular metabolic pathways, or assist cancer treatment by enhancing immune function. Although the specific mechanism still needs further clarification, experimental data supports its potential in the treatment of liver disease.
1. Umami enhancer
Mixing with disodium 5 '- inosinate (IMP) in a certain proportion can form a strong umami agent "I+G". This mixture is widely used in seasonings such as soy sauce, chicken essence, and monosodium glutamate, significantly enhancing the freshness of food and meeting consumers' demand for deliciousness. For example, adding "I+G" to instant noodle seasoning packs can make the soup base taste more mellow.
2. Breastfeeded milk production
This compound can be used to supplement the nucleotide content in cow's milk and produce breast milk that is close to the composition of human milk.
Nucleotides are crucial for the development of the infant immune system and can enhance its resistance to bacterial diseases. It has become a consensus in the industry to add appropriate amounts of nucleotides to infant formula to meet the nucleotide needs of infants and young children.
3. Improvement of dairy products and beverages
In dairy processing, product texture and flavor can be improved. For example, adding this compound during yogurt fermentation can promote the growth of probiotics and enhance the smooth taste of the product. In beverages, as an acidity regulator and flavor stabilizer, it can extend the shelf life of products.
1. Plant growth regulator
Researchers are exploring its application in agriculture by regulating endogenous hormone levels in plants to promote growth. For example, it may increase crop tiller number or fruit yield by affecting the synthesis pathway of cytokinins. Preliminary experiments have shown that the application of this compound in rice cultivation can significantly increase the number of grains per spike and thousand grain weight.
2. Aquatic feed additives
In aquaculture, it is used to prepare anti crowding stress feed additives.
It can reduce mortality in intensive aquaculture environments by regulating the expression of stress-related genes in fish. For example, adding this compound to shrimp feed can enhance their immune system and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
3. Animal nutrition enhancement
As a feed additive, it can supplement the nucleotide reserves in animals and support rapid growth needs. Especially during the weaning period of young livestock, it can alleviate intestinal stress response and promote the improvement of digestive and absorption functions. For example, adding this compound to piglet feed can reduce diarrhea rates and increase daily weight gain.
1. Genetic engineering tools
In gene cloning and expression research, as a nucleic acid precursor, Cytidine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt participates in the construction of gene expression vectors. For example, it can be chemically synthesized to connect with specific DNA fragments to form recombinant plasmids, providing basic materials for protein engineering.
2. Cell culture additives
Adding it to cell culture medium can promote cell proliferation and differentiation.
It provides nucleotide raw materials to support the demand for high-density cell culture, especially in vaccine production and stem cell research. For example, in CHO cell culture, this compound can significantly increase antibody production.
3. Synthesis of chemical intermediates
As a multifunctional intermediate, it can be used to synthesize various complex organic compounds. For example, it can generate cytidine 5 '- diphosphate derivatives through esterification reaction, which can be further used to prepare antiviral drugs or anti-tumor agents. In addition, the compound can also participate in polymer synthesis and develop new biomaterials.
The method of synthesizing cytidine 5 '- diphosphate typically involves multiple steps and intermediates. The main synthesis pathways are as follows:
a. Condensation reaction of Glucose and cyclosine: First, Condensation reaction is carried out between D-glucose and cyclosine under alkaline conditions to generate Cytidine.
a. Phosphorylation reaction: Cytidine is reacted with Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and a phosphate group is added to the ribose ring of Cytidine through the phosphorylation reaction to form CMP.
a. Phosphorylation reaction: CMP is reacted with Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and then the phosphorylation reaction is carried out again. Another phosphate group is added to the CMP molecule to obtain CDP.
a. Cytidine diphosphate (CDP) reacts with an excess of NaOH, causing the H+to leave and generating Cytidine 5 '- diphosphate disodium salt.
It should be noted that the above are only the general methods and steps for synthesizing Cytidine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt, and the specific synthesis method may vary depending on laboratory conditions and research purposes. For more detailed and specific synthesis methods, please refer to relevant literature or professional manuals, or consult experts in the field of chemical synthesis.
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