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Pentadecylic acid, chemical formula CH3(CH2)13COOH, CAS 1002-84-2, is a white solid and odorless. However, due to its acidity, it may exhibit a weak acidic odor in some cases. It is a saturated higher fatty acid with typical carboxylic acid properties. It can participate in various chemical reactions, such as esterification reactions, carboxyl substitution reactions, etc. Soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, esters, etc., but insoluble in water. There is a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon group in the molecule, and the carboxyl group is located at the end of the hydrocarbon group.
It has a certain degree of conductivity, which is due to the tendency of both carboxyl and hydrocarbon groups in its molecules to undergo ionization. It has optical activity, meaning that the hydrocarbon and carboxyl groups in its molecules are in different planes, making the molecule optically active. It has certain applications in certain fields, such as as as a spice, synthetic surfactant, etc. There is a certain degree of biodegradability in the environment, but it will not have a significant impact on the environment. There is a certain degree of biodegradability in the environment, but it will not have a significant impact on the environment.
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Chemical Formula |
C15H30O2 |
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Exact Mass |
242 |
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Molecular Weight |
242 |
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m/z |
242 (100.0%), 243 (16.2%), 244 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 74.32; H, 12.48; O, 13.20 |
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Pentadecylic acid, also known as pentyl acid, is a fatty acid with a wide range of applications and important pharmacological effects.
Chemical and Industrial Applications
Important components of synthetic lubricating oil
Usage description: Pentadecanoic acid is a key component in the synthesis of lubricating oil, which can significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil and ensure smoother operation of machinery and equipment. In addition, it can also be used to produce high-temperature lubricants to meet the high-temperature lubrication needs of specific industrial fields.
Specific example: In the automotive manufacturing industry, pentadecanoic acid is often used to synthesize high-performance engine lubricants to reduce engine component wear and extend engine service life. Meanwhile, in high-temperature working environments such as aerospace and steel smelting, the high-temperature lubricating oil synthesized from pentadecanoic acid also plays a crucial role.
Raw materials for dyes and resins
Usage description: Pentadecanoic acid can be used as one of the raw materials for dyes and participate in the synthesis process of dyes. In addition, it can react with other chemicals to form different types of resins, which have a wide range of applications in coatings, adhesives, and other fields.
Specific example: In the textile printing and dyeing industry, pentadecanoic acid is used to synthesize dyes of specific colors, adding rich colors to textiles. Meanwhile, in the coating industry, resins synthesized from pentadecanoic acid are used as film-forming substances to improve the adhesion and durability of coatings.
Raw materials for spices and medicines
Usage: pentadecanoic aid has specific flavor characteristics, and can be used as one of the raw materials of spices to prepare various essence and spices. In addition, it is also used as a raw material for the production of certain drugs and participates in the synthesis process of drugs.
Specific example: In the food industry, pentadecanoic aid is used to synthesize edible essence, adding attractive flavor to food. Meanwhile, in the pharmaceutical industry, pentadecanoic aid is involved in the synthesis of certain compounds with pharmacological activity, such as analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.
Raw materials for soap and detergent
Usage description: Pentadecanoic aid can react with other chemicals to form different types of soap and detergent. These soaps and detergents have good cleaning effects and can remove various stains and oils.
Specific examples: In household cleaning products, soap and detergent synthesized from pentadecanoic aid are widely used in areas such as laundry, dishwashing, and floor cleaning. They not only effectively remove stains, but also protect clothing and tableware, extending their service life.
Pharmacology and Biological Activity
Promote glucose uptake
Mechanism of action: Pentadecylic acid mainly promotes glucose uptake in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells through the AMPK pathway. This mechanism of action is helpful to maintain blood glucose stability and prevent metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
Specific example: In the diabetes mouse model, pentadecanoic aid has been proved to significantly improve hyperinsulinemia, protect islet cells, reduce serum cholesterol level, reduce fat accumulation, and improve inflammatory status. These findings provide strong support for the application of pentadecanoic acid in the treatment of diabetes.
As a candidate essential fatty acid
Background information: Essential fatty aids are defined as the dietary fatty aids required to maintain a healthy physiological state. Their endogenous levels are insufficient and require dietary intake to maintain a healthy concentration in the body. Pentadecanoic aid, as an odd chain fatty acid, has strong evidence as a candidate for essential fatty aids.
Specific example: Research has shown that blood levels of pentadecanoic aid are linearly correlated with dietary intake, and its activity is parallel to human health benefits. Therefore, pentadecanoic aid may become a new essential fatty aid, providing additional health benefits to people. However, this viewpoint still requires further research and verification.
The use of drugs for drug rehabilitation
Characteristics of action: Pentadecanoic acid, as a drug for drug rehabilitation, has the characteristics of non addiction, minimal side effects, and easy acceptance by patients. It can alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings in drug addicts by regulating neurotransmitter and receptor functions.
Specific example: In clinical drug rehabilitation treatment, pentadecanoic acid is used as an adjuvant drug to help drug addicts alleviate withdrawal symptoms and improve the success rate of drug rehabilitation. However, it should be noted that pentadecanoic acid cannot completely replace traditional drug rehabilitation treatment methods, but should be included as part of comprehensive treatment.
Other applications
Biomarkers
Application background: Blood levels of pentadecanoic aid are a biomarker for measuring the amount of dairy products consumed. This discovery provides a new method for evaluating the impact of dairy intake on health.
Specific example: In nutritional research, measuring blood levels of pentadecanoic aid can be used to assess an individual's intake of dairy products. This method helps to reveal the relationship between dairy intake and chronic disease risk, providing a basis for developing scientific dietary guidelines.
Raw materials for synthesizing other chemicals
Usage description: Pentadecanoic aid can also be used as a raw material for synthesizing other chemicals, such as surfactants, emulsifiers, etc. These chemicals have a wide range of applications in the chemical and daily chemical industries.
Specific example: In the daily chemical industry, surfactants synthesized from pentadecanoic aid are used to manufacture personal care products such as shampoo and shower gel. They can improve the foaming and stability of the product, enhancing the consumer experience.
In recent years, studies have shown that pentadecylic acid is a kind of methylation and carbonylation reagent with excellent performance. It can synthesize a variety of high value-added products, and has a wide range of applications in industries such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plastics, dyes, electronic chemicals, food additives, etc. In the mid-1980s, China, the United States, Japan and other countries have successfully developed product and put it into industrial scale production.
Sample preparation and analysis: immediately after taking the sample, add 2mM myristic acid dissolved in DMSO (40mM) as the internal standard, extract the sample by adding 1mL chloroform twice, then mix and centrifuge. After chloroform evaporation, the analyte was derived into fatty acid methyl ester using 14% boron trifluoride methanol solution (BF3 methanol). Then, incubate the sample at 50 ° C for at least 1 hour. Then add 2mL of soda solution, and then extract the sample by adding 1mL of pentane. After mixing the samples, the pentane phase was separated and analyzed by GC. Finally, the title compound it was obtained. The synthesis route is shown in Figure 2.
The suspension of benzoic acid (1,50mg) and FSM-16 (100mg) in dry hexane (5mL) was irradiated at room temperature with a 400-W high-pressure mercury lamp for 5 hours. Then filter FSM-16 and wash it with ethyl acetate, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure. Pure benzophenone (2) (35 mg, 88%) was obtained after purification by preparing TLC. 9, yield 37%, 10, yield 30%. Finally, the title compound it was obtained. The synthesis route is shown in Figure 3.
Pharmacological action of pentadecanoic acid:
Pentadecylic aid has the effects of spasmolysis and analgesia, anesthesia and sedation, relieving cough and asthma, expanding capillaries, improving microcirculation and preventing seasickness and carsickness. With the in-depth study of the pharmacological effects of it and its extensive use in clinical sedation, detoxification, treatment of emaciation, motion sickness, gastrointestinal spastic colic, trigeminal neuralgia and organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, its demand is still growing rapidly on the basis of the original huge market. In recent years, some studies have reported that it has a definite effect on the withdrawal of heroin dependence, and also has a good effect on heart addiction and protracted symptoms. Among them, decadecadecanoic aid is a natural and safe drug for detoxification, which has the characteristics of non-addiction, small side effects and easy acceptance by patients.
FAQ
What does pentadecanoic acid do?
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) is an essential odd-chain saturated fatty acid with broad activities relevant to protecting cardiometabolic, immune, and liver health. C15:0 activates AMPK and inhibits mTOR, both of which are core components of the human longevity pathway.
What is the common name for pentadecanoic acid?
Pentadecylic acid, also known as pentadecanoic acid or C15:0, is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid. Its molecular formula is CH 3(CH 2) 13CO 2H.
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