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Boron trioxide is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula of B2O3, CAS 1303-86-2. It is a colorless glassy crystal or powder. It is hard and crisp, with a greasy and tasteless surface. It is thermally stable. It is not reduced by carbon in white heat, but alkali metal, magnesium, and aluminum can reduce it to monomer boron. At about 600 ℃, it becomes a very viscous liquid. Boric anhydride can absorb water strongly in the air to form boric acid-Soluble in acid, ethanol, and hot water and slightly soluble in cold water. it can combine with several metal oxides to form boron glass with characteristic color. It can be utterly miscible with alkali metal, copper, silver, lead, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth oxides. Crystalline it is very easy to absorb water and becomes turbid after moisture absorption. It can also be dissolved in alcohol. When the temperature is low, it crystal can be obtained by dehydration of H3BO3. The crystal contains bo4 tetrahedral structural units, with a density of 1.805g/cm and a melting point of 450 ℃. The thickness of glassy which is 1.795g/cm, which gradually softens when the temperature rises and becomes liquid when it reaches the red hot high temperature, with a boiling point of 1500 ℃. Boron is also directly combined with oxygen to obtain B2O3. It is widely used as a flux for silicate decomposition, a dopant for semiconductor materials, an acid catalyst in organic synthesis, a fire-resistant additive for paints, and a raw material for preparing elemental boron and various borides.
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Chemical Formula |
B2O3 |
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Exact Mass |
70 |
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Molecular Weight |
70 |
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m/z |
70 (100.0%), 69 (49.7%), 68 (6.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
B, 31.06; O, 68.94 |
Boron trioxide is used as optical glass because of its unique structural form. The structural principle is that glassy which (g-b2o3) is likely to be a network structure formed by the orderly connection of many triangular BO3 units through shared oxygen atoms, in which the boron oxygen phase six-membered ring b3o3 is dominant. The boron atom is three coordinated in the six-membered ring, and the oxygen atom is two coordinated. The glass softens at 325-450 ° C and its density changes with heating. When heated, the disorder degree in the boron oxid structure of the glass increases. When the temperature exceeds 450 ° C, a polar -b=o base will be generated.
When the temperature is higher than 1000 ° C, the vapor is composed of a B2O3 monomer, and its structure is angular o=b-o-b=o. Ordinary hexagonal boron oxid can be formed by crystallizing liquid in the range of 200-250 ° C under normal pressure( α- B2O3), whose structure is almost entirely triangular BO3 units. At 22000atm and 400 ° C, α- Transformation of B2O3 into the monoclinic crystal of high temperature and high-pressure type β- B2O3. The transformation process is similar to that of quartz to coesite under high pressure. Besides, β- B2O3 can also be obtained by crystallizing liquid at 40000 ATM, and 600 ° C. β- B2O3 has a large bulk modulus (k = 180 GPA). G-b2o3 and β- The Vickers hardness of B2O3 is 1.5gpa and 16gpa, respectively.
Glass like boron oxide (g-B2O3) is likely a network structure composed of many triangular BO3 units connected in an orderly manner through shared oxygen atoms, with a hexagonal ring B3O3 dominated by boron oxygen phases. In this six membered ring, the boron atom is three coordinated and the oxygen atom is two coordinated. The glass body softens at 325-450 ℃, and its density varies with the heating conditions. When heated, the disorder in the boron oxide structure of the glass increases. When the temperature exceeds 450 ℃, polar - B=O groups will be generated. When the temperature is above 1000 ℃, the boron oxide vapor is entirely composed of B2O3 monomers, and its structure is angular O=B-O-B=O.
Under normal pressure, liquid boron oxide can crystallize within the range of 200-250 ℃ to form ordinary hexagonal boron oxide (α - B2O3), whose structure is almost entirely composed of triangular BO3 units.
At 22000 atm and 400 ℃, α - B2O3 transforms into a high-temperature and high-pressure monoclinic crystal β - B2O3. The transformation process is similar to the conversion of quartz to coesite under high pressure. In addition, β - B2O3 can also be obtained by crystallization of liquid boron oxide at 40000 atm and 600 ℃.
The bulk modulus of β - B2O3 is very large (K=180GPa). The Vickers hardness of g-B2O3 and β - B2O3 are 1.5 GPa and 16 GPa, respectively.
The chemical properties of boron oxide are as follows: it is an acid oxide that can dissolve many alkaline metal oxides when melting to form glassy borates and metaborates (glasses) with characteristic colors. This is the principle of qualitative identification of metals by the borax bead test. it can be reduced to simple boron by alkali metals, aluminum, and magnesium. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with hydrochloric acid, MgO, B2O3, and Mg were dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and crude boron was obtained after filtration. it cannot be reduced by carbon at high temperatures (boron carbide can be formed at high temperatures). Boron trichloride can be obtained by reacting with carbon and chlorine at high temperatures. At 600 ° C, it reacts with ammonia to obtain boron nitride (BN) and calcium hydride to obtain calcium hexaboride (CaB6). it is the anhydride of boric acid. When dissolved in water, it will release a large amount of heat to form metaboric acid and boric acid.
Boron trioxide, also known as boron oxide or boron anhydride, is an inorganic compound with stable chemical properties, high melting point, good chemical inertness, and hygroscopicity. It plays an important role in multiple industrial fields and daily life.
1. Manufacturing special glass
It is a key raw material for manufacturing various types of special glass. It can be combined with various oxides to produce boron glass, optical glass, heat-resistant glass, instrument glass, and glass fiber with characteristic colors. For example, heat-resistant glass commonly used in laboratories (such as Pyrex) contains boron trioxide, which has excellent heat resistance and chemical stability, can withstand high temperatures and chemical corrosion, and is widely used in scientific research and industrial fields.
2. Improve glass performance
In the glass manufacturing process, it can significantly reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of glass, adjust the viscosity of glass, and improve its chemical stability. These performance improvements make glass products more durable and adaptable to a wider range of usage environments. For example, adding boron trioxide to architectural glass can improve its thermal shock resistance and reduce the risk of cracking caused by temperature changes.
3. Light protection materials
It can also be used to manufacture light protection materials, such as filter glass. These materials can selectively absorb or reflect light of specific wavelengths, protecting the human eye or devices from harmful light.
1. Ceramic glaze raw materials
It is one of the important raw materials for porcelain glaze. Porcelain glaze is a glass layer that covers the surface of ceramic products, which can improve the aesthetics and durability of ceramic products. Its addition can adjust the melting point and viscosity of porcelain glaze, making it more suitable for the firing process of ceramic products.
2. Ceramic additives
In the ceramic manufacturing process, it can also be used as an additive to improve the performance of ceramic products. For example, it can improve the density and hardness of ceramics, enhance their wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Metallurgical industry
1. Production of alloy steel
In the metallurgical industry, it is used for the production of alloy steel. It can form alloys with iron and other metallic elements to improve the properties of steel. For example, adding can improve the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel, extending its service life.
2. High energy fuel production
It can also be used for the production of high-energy fuels. By reacting with other compounds, high-energy fuel components can be generated, providing power support for high-tech fields such as rockets and missiles.
1. Doping agent
It plays an important role in the semiconductor industry and is widely used as a dopant to improve the electrical properties of semiconductor materials. By precisely controlling the doping amount and doping method of boron trioxide, key parameters such as conductivity type, carrier concentration, and mobility of semiconductor materials can be adjusted to meet the needs of different semiconductor devices.
2. Epitaxial and diffusion processes
In the semiconductor production process, it is also used for epitaxial and diffusion processes. Epitaxy is a technique for growing single crystal thin films on a single crystal substrate, while diffusion is the process of diffusing dopants in semiconductor materials through heat treatment. Boron trioxide, as a high-purity reagent, can provide a stable doping source to ensure the smooth progress of epitaxial and diffusion processes
Organic synthesis
1. Catalyst
It can be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis to promote certain chemical reactions. For example, it can catalyze esterification, etherification, condensation and other reactions, improving reaction rate and yield. Boron trioxide catalyst has the advantages of high activity, good selectivity, easy recovery and reuse, and has broad application prospects in the field of organic synthesis.
2. Reaction intermediates
In some organic synthesis reactions, it can also be used as a reaction intermediate. It can react with organic compounds to generate intermediate products with specific structures, thereby synthesizing the target organic compound. This application method expands the use of boron trioxide in the field of organic synthesis.
1. Atmospheric pressure method
Send boric acid into the heating kettle, raise the temperature, and slowly dehydrate the boric acid. When the temperature rises to 107.5 ℃, it will become metaboric acid (HBO2), and when it rises to 150~160 ℃, it will become tetraboric acid (H2B4O7). When the temperature is above 650 ℃, the melt will produce a lot of foam. Finally, the temperature will be kept at 800~1000 ℃, and the material will be burned and dehydrated until it turns red and no longer bubbles. The relative density of the melt is 1.52. At this point, start the wire drawing machine and control the temperature between 700-900 ℃ for wire drawing. Then cut and package the boron oxide wire on the wire drawing machine using a cutting machine to obtain the finished boron oxide product. The reaction equation is as follows:
2H3B03→B₂03+3H20
2. Vacuum method
Place boric acid in a stainless steel dish and bake in an oven for 1.5 hours, then raise the temperature to 150 ℃ and heat for 4 hours. During the heating process, it should be frequently flipped to ensure even dehydration. Then remove the material, cool it, crush it, and place it in a vacuum oven, keeping it sealed. Heat it at 220 ℃ for 1.5 hours, then raise it to 260 ℃ and heat it for 4 hours. Then cool and crush the material, place it in a tube furnace, control the heating temperature at 280 ℃, and dehydrate it under vacuum for 4 hours to produce boron oxide product.
3. Put the crystalline boric acid in a small dish.
Place boron trioxide in a drying reactor containing phosphorus pentoxide and heat it to 200 ℃ under vacuum to completely dehydrate it. The vacuum degree provided by the water vacuum pump is sufficient, but it is best to use a vacuum pump with a higher vacuum degree. It is important to slowly raise the temperature to 200 ℃, otherwise boric acid will melt and hinder further evaporation of water vapor. The larger the amount used, the longer the heating time at 200 ℃ should be, sometimes holding for more than 4 hours before complete dehydration. For 3g of boric acid, heating for 1 hour is sufficient. In addition, under the condition of maintaining a temperature not exceeding 200 ℃, the dehydration of boric acid can be carried out in a dry air flow. The dry air used is obtained by passing the air through sulfuric acid and then drying it through phosphorus pentoxide or porous barium oxide
FAQ
Is diboron trioxide safe?
Danger! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (ATP20) approved by the European Union, this substance may damage fertility and may damage the unborn child.
What is diboron trioxide?
Boron trioxide or diboron trioxide is the oxide of boron with the formula B 2O 3. It is a colorless transparent solid, almost always glassy (amorphous), which can be crystallized only with great difficulty. It is also called boric oxide or boria.
Is diboron trioxide in microwaves?
Diboron trioxide is often used in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics, which suggests it could be part of the microwave's internal components, such as the glass turntable or the interior coating.
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