Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), an organic compound, is a colorless and transparent oily liquid with a slight aromatic aroma. It is soluble in general organic solvents and hydrocarbons; At 25 ℃, the solubility in water is 0.03%, and the solubility in water is 0.4%. It is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in alcohols, ethers, acetone, and benzene. The chemical formula is c16h22o4, CAS 84-74-2. It is prepared by esterification reaction using phthalic acid and n-butanol as raw materials under the action of sulfuric acid catalyst. During the reaction process, it is necessary to control the temperature and pH value to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction. After the esterification reaction is completed, the unreacted n-butanol and water are distilled to obtain crude dibutyl phthalate. The crude product contains some impurities such as acid, alcohol, water, etc., which need to be further refined. Usually, washing, dehydration, distillation and other methods are used to obtain high-purity dibutyl phthalate products. As a plasticizer, it has strong solubility for various resins. Mainly used for PVC processing, it can endow products with good flexibility. Due to its relatively low cost and good processability, it is widely used in China, almost equivalent to DOP. However, due to high volatility and water extraction, the durability of the product is poor, and its use should be gradually restricted. It can also be used to manufacture paints, adhesives, synthetic leather, printing inks, safety glass, celluloid, dyes, insecticides, fragrance solvents, fabric lubricants, etc.
|
Chemical Formula |
C16H22O4 |
|
Exact Mass |
278 |
|
Molecular Weight |
278 |
|
m/z |
278 (100.0%), 279 (17.3%), 280 (1.4%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 69.04; H, 7.97; O, 22.99 |
Melting point -35 ° C (lit.), Boiling point 340 ° C (lit.), Density 1.043 g/ml at 25 ° C (lit.), Vapor density 9.6 (vs air), Vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (147 ° C), Refractive index n20/d 1.492 (lit.), Flash point 340 ° f, Storage condition 2-8 ° C, Very soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, Form liquid, Color apha: ≤ 10, Specific gravity 1.049 (20/20 ℃), Relative polarity 0.272, Explosive limit 0.47%, 236 ° f, Water solubility 0.0013 g/100 mL, Freezing point -35 ℃
In the experiment of synthesizing Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), phthalic anhydride is esterified with n-butanol to produce it. The specific steps are as follows:
Drug addition: put 7.4 g of phthalic anhydride, 13.7 ml of n-butanol, 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, and several zeolites into a three-port flask; 2. Installation of the instrument: a thermometer shall be installed at one side of the three-port flask, and its mercury ball must extend below the liquid level. A water separator shall be installed at the middle bottle mouth, a condensing tube shall be installed on the water separator, and a grinding plug shall be placed on the other side. 3. Reaction progress: first, heat with a small fire, intermittently vibrate to make the solid phthalic anhydride disappear, increase the voltage, and the reaction mixture boils. There are small drops of water dripping into the liquid level of the water separator from the condenser pipe. When the water layer in the water separator is no longer increased and the reaction temperature rises to 160 ℃, stop heating. 4. Post-treatment of the product: when the reactant is cooled below 70 ℃, pour the reactant into the separating funnel, wash it twice with the same amount of saturated salt water, neutralize it with 5% sodium carbonate solution, and then wash it to neutral with saturated salt water. First, remove n-butanol from the separated crude product by atmospheric distillation, and then collect the fraction of 180~190 ℃ /1.33kpa by vacuum distillation.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), as an important organic compound, plays a crucial role in various industrial fields such as plastics, rubber, coatings, inks, and fragrances due to its unique chemical properties and wide applicability.
DBP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers in the processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The ester groups in its molecular structure form physical entanglement with PVC molecular chains, significantly reducing the glass transition temperature of the material and endowing the product with excellent flexibility, ductility, and cold resistance. For example, in the production of PVC cable sheaths, adding 5% -10% DBP can maintain the flexibility of the material at low temperatures of -40 ℃, avoiding the risk of brittle fracture. In addition, DBP can also be used for modifying thermoplastic materials such as polyvinyl acetate and alkyd resins to enhance processing fluidity and surface glossiness of finished products.
Technical advantages:
Cost effectiveness: DBP prices are only 60% of high-end plasticizer diisononyl phthalate (DINP), making it significantly competitive in the mid to low end market.
Compatibility: It can be compounded with auxiliary plasticizers such as epoxy soybean oil and chlorinated paraffin to form a synergistic effect and optimize product performance.
Process adaptability: Suitable for various molding processes such as extrusion, rolling, injection molding, etc., to meet the diverse product needs of films, pipes, shoe materials, etc.
Industry challenges:
Due to the high volatility and water extractability of DBP, long-term use may lead to a decrease in the durability of the product. For example, outdoor PVC tarpaulins can have a DBP migration rate of 15% -20% under rainwater erosion, which affects their service life. Therefore, the industry is gradually limiting its application in high demand fields such as food packaging and medical devices, and instead developing low mobility alternatives.
Rubber industry: key additives for performance optimization
DBP, as a softener, can significantly reduce Mooney viscosity and improve mixing processability in the processing of polar rubber such as chloroprene rubber and nitrile rubber. For example, in the production of nitrile rubber seals, adding 3% -5% DBP can shorten the mixing time by 20%, while improving the product's tear resistance and resilience. In addition, DBP can also serve as a promoter for the adhesion between rubber and metal, forming chemical bonds and enhancing adhesive strength through synergistic action with vulcanizing agents.
Typical applications:
Automotive industry: used to manufacture oil resistant rubber products such as fuel pipes and brake fluid hoses. DBP's oil resistance can prevent expansion and deformation caused by fuel penetration.
Electronic appliances: In the insulation layer of wires and cables, the low-temperature performance of DBP ensures that the equipment can operate normally in an environment of -30 ℃.
In the field of construction, as a plasticizer for waterproofing membranes, DBP's weather resistance can extend the material's service life to over 15 years.
Technological Trends:
With the upgrading of environmental regulations, DBP is facing substitution pressure in the rubber industry. For example, the EU REACH regulation has included DBP in the list of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), restricting its use in areas such as children's toys and medical devices. The industry is shifting towards the development of bio based plasticizers (such as epoxy soybean methyl oleate) and reactive plasticizers (such as dibutyl maleate) to achieve green transformation.
Coatings and Ink Industry: Invisible Assistants for Performance Enhancement
In nitrocellulose coatings, DBP as the main plasticizer can significantly reduce system viscosity, improve leveling and film uniformity. For example, in the production of wood paint, adding 8% -12% DBP can increase the glossiness of the paint film to over 80%, while enhancing its scratch resistance and chemical resistance. In addition, DBP can also serve as an auxiliary plasticizer for alkyd resin coatings, improving drying speed and hardness development.
Ink application:
Printing ink: The solubility of DBP can improve pigment dispersion and prevent the phenomenon of "ink pile up" during the printing process. For example, adding 5% -7% DBP to gravure printing ink can increase the color saturation of printed materials by 15% -20%.
Electronic ink: In conductive ink, the controllable volatility of DBP ensures uniform distribution of silver powder particles and enhances conductivity.
Innovation direction:
To cope with VOC emission restrictions, the industry is developing water-based coatings and UV curable ink systems. DBP can partially replace traditional solvents and achieve low VOC formulations through modification treatments such as introducing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. For example, a DBP acrylate copolymer developed by a certain enterprise can reduce VOC content to below 50g/L in UV cured coatings while maintaining excellent glossiness and hardness.
Fragrance and solvent field: expanded application of multifunctional additives
The low volatility and good solubility of DBP make it an important solvent in the spice industry. For example, in fruity essence, DBP can dissolve such insoluble flavors as vanillin and ethyl maltol to form a stable system. In addition, DBP can also be used to manufacture specialty chemicals such as insecticides, dyes, and fabric lubricants. For example, in pesticide emulsions, DBP as a co solvent can increase the content of active ingredients by more than 50%, while enhancing the wettability of the solution on plant surfaces.
Technical specifications:
According to the National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014), DBP is only allowed to be used in the production of food packaging materials, and the migration amount shall not exceed 0.3mg/kg. In the field of fragrances, the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration of DBP in cosmetics is 0.1%.
Artificial leather, as a plastic product that mimics natural leather, has been widely used in modern industry and daily life. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) plays an indispensable role as a plasticizer in the production process of synthetic leather. The following is a detailed introduction to the application of DBP in the production of synthetic leather:
DBP, as the main plasticizer, can endow artificial leather with excellent flexibility and plasticity. By adjusting the dosage of DBP, the physical properties such as softness, elasticity, and elongation of artificial leather can be controlled to meet different application requirements.
The interaction between DBP and synthetic resin can reduce the glass transition temperature of the resin, maintaining good flexibility at room temperature, and facilitating processing and molding.
In the manufacturing process of synthetic leather, DBP can reduce the viscosity of synthetic resin, making it have good flowability and facilitating processing operations such as coating and bonding.
DBP can also improve the adhesion of synthetic resin to fiber materials, enabling better bonding between fibers and resin, and improving the mechanical properties and durability of synthetic leather.
By adjusting the ratio of DBP to other additives, the physical properties of artificial leather such as thickness, weight, hardness, and wear resistance can be controlled.
The addition of DBP can also improve the wrinkle resistance and low temperature resistance of artificial leather, enabling it to maintain good performance in complex environments.
DBP can be evenly dispersed in synthetic resin to prevent resin agglomeration, thereby ensuring a smooth surface and uniform color of synthetic leather.
DBP can also inhibit the precipitation of resin during the processing, reduce the occurrence of defects such as "fish eyes" and "particles", and improve the aesthetics of the product.
DBP has a price advantage over other plasticizers and can reduce the production cost of synthetic leather.
Through reasonable formula design and process optimization, the amount of DBP can be further reduced while maintaining the performance requirements of synthetic leather, achieving a dual improvement in economic benefits and product quality.
In the production of artificial leather, DBP can be used in combination with other additives such as fillers, pigments, antibacterial agents, etc., to jointly affect the performance of artificial leather.
By combining with specific fillers and pigments, DBP can further enhance the special properties of artificial leather, such as wear resistance, heat resistance, and flame retardancy.
Although DBP has played an important role in the production of synthetic leather, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, people have begun to pay attention to its potential environmental impacts. Therefore, some manufacturers are committed to developing environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce the environmental burden of DBP. In addition, to ensure production safety and employee health, appropriate preventive measures should be taken, such as wearing personal protective equipment such as protective goggles and gloves.
With the advancement of technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the application of dibutyl phthalate in the production of synthetic leather will face new challenges and opportunities. In the future, people will pay more attention to the research and development of alternatives to DBP to achieve the green and sustainable development of artificial leather production. Meanwhile, continuously improving the performance of synthetic leather and reducing production costs through technological innovation and process improvement will become an important research direction.
Everything You Need to Know
How to remove phthalates from your body?
So sweating regularly through aerobic exercise is a good way of helping to reduce our body's exposure to phthalates. Sweating in steam rooms and saunas could also potentially help the body detox phthalates, however, using steam rooms and saunas is not safe during pregnancy.
Does Dove deodorant have phthalates?
In line with our own standards of avoiding phthalates however, we do not use any phthalates as solvents to mix fragrance ingredients. Instead, we use different methods to bring together fragrance ingredients.
What is dibutyl phthalate used for?
Description. Dibutyl phthalate is a man-made chemical that is added to plastics and other chemicals. In plastics it helps keep them soft (a plasticizer). It is also used in elastomers, lacquers, explosives, printing inks, resin solvents, perfume oil solvents, paper coatings, adhesives, and nail polish.
Why is dibutyl phthalate banned?
The State of California and other authoritative bodies have classified dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a reproductive and developmental toxicant, and the European Union banned the use of this ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.
Is dibutyl phthalate toxic to humans?
Dibutyl phthalate is used in making flexible plastics that are found in a variety of consumer products. It appears to have relatively low acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) toxicity.
What products contain dibutyl phthalate?
DBP is used in various consumer products, including: Some wire and cable insulation, gloves, tubing, garden hoses, shoes, and personal care products, including some perfumes and other products containing fragrances, and nail polishes.
Hot Tags: dibutyl phthalate (dbp) cas 84-74-2, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, for sale, Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate SIPX , Tetrabutylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate CAS 32503 27 8, 3-Isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, polyquaternium 7 powder, 1 10 Phenanthroline hydrate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride