Chloramine-T powder, also known as N-chlorotriphenylmethylhypochlorite, is a common oxidant and chlorinating agent. The appearance is a white to light yellow solid powder with hygroscopicity. Its molecular weight is 290.5, CAS 127-65-1, and the molecular formula is C19H16ClNO2. It is extremely soluble in water, with a solubility of about 76 g/100 mL of water, and releases a large amount of heat. It is also easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and acetone. It has weak acidity and can ionize hydrogen ions in water, so it can be used as an acid. Meanwhile, it also has weak alkalinity and can accept hydroxide ions. Chloramine t structure is a dimer formed by triphenylmethylhypochlorite ions and chloride ions, consisting of a benzene ring and chlorine atoms. It is a strong oxidizing and chlorinating agent that can undergo redox reactions with many substances. It can also react with substances such as acids and bases. Chloramine t uses, as a common oxidant and chlorinating agent, can undergo redox reactions with many substances. It can also react with substances such as acids and bases. It has a wide range of industrial applications.
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Chemical Formula |
C7H7ClNNaO2S |
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Exact Mass |
226.98 |
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Molecular Weight |
227.64, |
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m/z |
226.98 (100.0%), 228.98 (32.0%), 227.98 (7.6%), 228.97 (4.5%), 229.98 (2.4%), 230.97 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 36.93; H, 3.10; Cl, 15.57; N, 6.15; Na, 10.10; O, 14.06; S, 14.08 |
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1. Chloramine-T should contain 23 ~ 26% of available chlorine, which is equivalent to 91.5 ~ 100% of c7h7clnnao2s · 3H2O in chloramine t. Exposed in the air, it will gradually decompose and lose effective chlorine, so it must be stored in sealed containers and kept in a dry and cool place.
2. One part of chloramine T can be dissolved in 7 parts of cold water (15.5 ℃) or 2 parts of boiling hot water. Chloramine T is a mild oxidant in neutral or alkaline media. When heated, a large amount of oxygen will be released. This kind of ecological oxygen can oxidize natural pigments and fade, so as to achieve the effect of bleaching.
3. Chloramine T decomposes violently in acidic medium and releases oxygen, which is difficult to control. Therefore, it is best to bleach with chloramine T in neutral solution. In other words, directly dissolve chloramine T in water, heat it or directly dissolve it with hot water, and its bleaching ability can be exerted.
Chloramine-T powder (CAS number 127-65-1, molecular formula C ₇ H ₇ ClNNaO ₂ S), also known as chloramine T, is a chlorine containing organic compound widely used in the fields of medicine, chemical industry, textile, etc. due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal and oxidative properties.
1. Disinfection of wounds and mucous membranes
It is a classic disinfectant in the field of surgery, with a stable effective chlorine content of 24-25%, and achieves long-lasting sterilization by slowly releasing hypochlorous acid. The specific application plan includes:
Wound washing: Direct rinsing with 1-2% aqueous solution can effectively kill common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Clinical data from a tertiary hospital shows that using chloramine T to treat second degree burn wounds reduces the infection rate by 18% compared to traditional iodine therapy.
Mucosal disinfection: 0.1-0.2% solution is used for disinfecting sensitive areas such as the oral cavity and nasal cavity, and its irritation is significantly lower than that of ethanol based disinfectants. The chloramine T mouthwash developed by a biopharmaceutical company in Wuhan has passed the national medical device certification.
Sterilization of medical devices: In conjunction with ultrasonic cleaning equipment, a 0.5% solution is soaked at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes to penetrate the lumen structure of complex instruments such as endoscopes, achieving a sterilization rate of 99.999%.
2. Ensuring drinking water safety
In the field of public health, it is an ideal disinfectant for drinking water:
Proportion standard: Diluted at a ratio of 1:250000 (i.e. 4mg/L), it can simultaneously inactivate water pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and hepatitis A virus.
Advantage comparison: Compared to liquid chlorine disinfection, it does not produce carcinogenic by-products such as trihalomethanes. According to the pilot data of a certain water supply plant, after using chloramine T disinfection, the stability of residual chlorine in the factory water increased by 40%, and the compliance rate of water quality at the end of the pipeline network increased to 98.7%.
Emergency application: In emergency situations such as floods and other disasters, a 5% chloramine T solution can be quickly formulated into an on-site disinfectant, effectively blocking the spread of intestinal infectious diseases.
3. Synthesis of sulfonamide drugs
As an organic synthesis intermediate, it is irreplaceable in the pharmaceutical industry
Production of sulfamethoxazole: Under alkaline conditions, it reacts with 4-amino-N - (2-pyrimidinyl) benzenesulfonamide to generate sulfamethoxazole with antibacterial spectrum covering Gram positive bacteria. The yield of this process can reach over 85%.
Drug analysis: By utilizing its oxidizing properties, it can be used as an iodine titration indicator for determining the content of drugs such as vitamin C and adrenaline. A certain drug testing institute uses the chloramine T-starch system to increase the sensitivity of vitamin C detection to 0.1 μ g/mL.
Textile printing and dyeing: innovation of green bleaching technology
1. Plant fiber bleaching
As a new type of oxidative bleaching agent, chloramine-T powder is gradually replacing traditional sodium hypochlorite:
Process parameters: Treating natural fibers such as cotton and hemp with a 0.1-0.3% solution at 70-80 ℃ can increase whiteness by 15-20% and control strength loss rate within 5%.
Environmental advantages: The COD value of bleaching wastewater is reduced by 60% compared to sodium hypochlorite process, and it does not contain adsorbable organic halides (AOX). After the renovation of a certain printing and dyeing enterprise, the annual cost of hazardous waste treatment has been reduced by over 2 million yuan.
Equipment adaptability: Compatible with mainstream equipment such as continuous flat bleaching machines and roll dyeing machines, without the need for large-scale technical upgrades.
2. Oxidation desizing process
In the pre-treatment stage of cotton fabric, unique advantages are demonstrated:
Resizing efficiency: When combined with pectinase, it can achieve a PVA slurry removal rate of over 95% at 60 ℃, saving 30% water compared to traditional alkaline desizing.
Fabric protection: By controlling the oxidation potential, excessive degradation of cellulose is avoided, and the wool effect of the treated fabric is improved by 2cm/30min, creating favorable conditions for subsequent dyeing.
Water treatment field: a powerful tool for industrial wastewater treatment
1. Treatment of cyanide containing wastewater
The strong oxidizing property of Chloramine T can effectively decompose highly toxic cyanides:
Reaction mechanism: Under pH 9-10 conditions, CN ⁻ is oxidized to CNO ⁻, which is further hydrolyzed to CO ₂ and NH ∝. A certain electroplating factory adopts the chloramine T-ferrous sulfate combined process to reduce the cyanide concentration in wastewater from 500mg/L to below 0.5mg/L.
Economy: The processing cost is reduced by 45% compared to ozone oxidation method, and there is no need for investment in high-pressure equipment.
2. Dyeing wastewater decolorization
For reactive dye wastewater, it exhibits excellent decolorization effect:
Process conditions: Add 200mg/L chloramine T at 30 ℃, and after 60 minutes of reaction, the COD removal rate reaches 65% and the chromaticity decreases by 90%.
Synergistic effect: When combined with Fenton reagent, it can shorten the reaction time to 30 minutes and avoid secondary pollution of iron sludge.
1. Redox titration
As a standard oxidant, it is widely used in analytical chemistry:
Sodium thiosulfate calibration: Under acidic conditions, it reacts with KI to generate I ₂, and its concentration can be accurately determined by sodium thiosulfate titration, with a relative standard deviation of less than 0.2%.
Drug content determination: Chloramine T potentiometric titration method is used to quickly determine the active ingredient content of drugs such as aspirin and acetaminophen.
2. Indicator system
Its redox properties make it an ideal indicator:
Endpoint determination by iodometric method: In the presence of starch, chloramine T oxidizes I ⁻ to I ₂, causing the solution to appear blue, with an endpoint sensitivity of 0.1mL.
Heavy metal detection: Combined with diphenylthiocyanate, it can be used for colorimetric determination of heavy metals such as lead and mercury, with a detection limit as low as 0.01mg/L.
Expansion of Emerging Application Fields
1. Agricultural fungicides
It has a control effect on fruit tree anthracnose and vegetable downy mildew:
Field experiment: the incidence rate of anthrax was 37% lower than that of the control group when 0.3% chloramine T solution was sprayed in the citrus orchard, and there was no significant impact on pollinating insects such as bees.
Residue control: By optimizing the application interval (14 days/time), the residual amount of chloramine T in the fruit is lower than the EU MRL standard (0.01mg/kg).
2. Synthesis of nanomaterials
As an oxidant involved in nanoparticle preparation:
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: In the Chloramine T-PVP system, spherical silver particles with a particle size of 5-10nm can be controlled to be prepared, and the dispersibility index (PDI) is less than 0.2.
Quantum dot modification: Through chloramine-T powder oxidation treatment, surface defects of CdSe quantum dots can be improved, increasing their fluorescence quantum yield to 65%.
Chloramine T is an important organic compound widely used in fields such as medicine, pesticides, dyes, etc. Among them, the method of synthesizing chloramine T from p-toluenesulfonyl chloride as raw material through steps such as ammonification, alkaline salt formation, and chlorine gas chlorination is one of the commonly used methods.
P-toluenesulfonyl chloride is one of the raw materials for synthesizing chloramine T. Its synthesis method is obtained through the sulfonation reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Mix toluene and chlorosulfonic acid and react at a certain temperature to obtain p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
C6H5CH3 + ClSO3H → C6H5CH2SO3H + HCl
(2) During the reaction process, attention should be paid to controlling the reaction temperature and time to prevent excessive sulfonation or decomposition of toluenesulfonyl chloride. At the same time, it is necessary to perform purification steps such as distillation on the reaction product to obtain high-purity p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
Ammoniation reaction is the process of introducing ammonia gas into p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to generate N-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Introduce a certain amount of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and ammonia into the reactor, add an appropriate amount of alkaline catalyst (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), and conduct the reaction at a certain temperature and pressure.
C6H5CH2SO3H + 2NH3 + NaOH → C6H5CH2SO2NHCH2CH3 + 2H2O
(2) During the reaction process, attention should be paid to controlling conditions such as reaction temperature, pressure, and ammonia input to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction. At the same time, it is necessary to perform purification steps such as distillation on the reaction product to obtain high-purity N-p-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine.
Alkaline salt formation reaction is the reaction of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine obtained in the previous step with liquid alkali to produce N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Mix a certain amount of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine with liquid alkali and react at a certain temperature to obtain N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt.
C6H5CH2SO2NHCH2CH3 + NaOH → C6H5CH(OH)SO2NHCH2CH3Na
(2) During the reaction process, attention should be paid to controlling the reaction temperature and time to prevent excessive reaction or decomposition. At the same time, it is necessary to perform purification steps such as distillation on the reaction product to obtain high-purity N-p-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine sodium salt.
The chlorination reaction of chlorine gas involves reacting the sodium salt of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine obtained in the previous step with chlorine gas to produce chloramine T. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) A certain amount of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt and chlorine gas are introduced into the reactor and reacted at a certain temperature to obtain chloramine T and sodium chloride.
C6H5CH(OH)SO2NHCH2CH3Na + Cl2 → C6H5CH(Cl) SO2NHCH2CH3Na + NaCl + HCl
(2) During the reaction process, attention should be paid to controlling the reaction temperature and time to prevent excessive reaction or decomposition. At the same time, it is necessary to perform purification steps such as distillation on the reaction products to obtain high-purity Chloramine-T powder.
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