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Diisopropylammonium is an organic compound with CAS 660-27-5 and molecular formula C6H15NCl2O2. It usually exists in a solid form of white or light yellow. It has crystallinity, so it can be purified by crystallization or recrystallization methods. Easy to dissolve in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether. It can also be dissolved in organic solvents containing an appropriate amount of water, such as methanol, ethanol, etc. It also has some chemical properties. For example, it can react with strong bases to produce corresponding salts, and can also react with certain acids to produce corresponding esters.
In addition, it can also form complexes with certain metal ions, which helps its application in analytical chemistry. In analytical chemistry, it has multiple applications, including the analysis of metal ions, organic compounds, biomolecules, as well as the study of chemical reaction kinetics and separation and purification.
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Chemical Formula |
C8H17Cl2NO2 |
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Exact Mass |
229.06 |
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Molecular Weight |
230.13 |
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m/z |
229.06 (100.0%), 231.06 (63.9%), 233.06 (10.2%), 230.07 (8.7%), 232.06 (5.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.75; H, 7.45; Cl, 30.81; N, 6.09; O, 13.90 |
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Morphological |
Crystalline Powder |
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Color |
White powder |
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Melting point |
119-121 ℃ |
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Diisopropylammonium, chemical formula C8H17O2NCl2, is an organic compound, white crystalline powder, slightly bitter in taste, easily soluble in water, ethanol or chloroform, slightly soluble in ether, almost insoluble in petroleum ether. Its molecular weight is 230.13, CAS accession number is 660-27-5, EINECS accession number is 211-538-2, and melting point is 119 ℃.
Medical use
In the medical field, it is mainly used for the treatment and protection of liver diseases. It has significant liver protective effects, with the following specific functions:
1. Liver protective effect
(1) Reducing fat in the liver: It can enhance the fat transport capacity of the liver, allowing more fat to be transferred from the liver to the outside, thereby reducing the content of liver fat. At the same time, it can also promote the degradation of liver fat, playing a role in reducing intrahepatic fat from the perspective of decomposition. This mechanism of action helps improve the condition of patients with fatty liver.
(2) Lowering cholesterol: By inhibiting key enzymes in the cholesterol synthesis process, cholesterol synthesis can be reduced, thereby achieving the effect of lowering cholesterol. This is of great significance for controlling blood lipid levels and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
(3) Protecting liver cell membrane: It can enhance the fluidity of liver cell membrane, thereby playing a role in protecting liver cells.
This helps maintain the normal function of liver cells and prevent damage and necrosis of liver cells.
In clinical practice, it is mainly used to treat liver damage caused by fatty liver, cholestatic liver disease, acute and chronic hepatitis, and other reasons. It can be administered orally or by injection, and the specific dosage and course of treatment should be determined by the doctor according to the patient's specific condition.
2. Improve liver function
Has the effect of improving liver function. It can promote the repair of damaged liver cells, reduce the extent of liver necrosis, and inhibit the formation of fibrotic tissue. This helps to restore the normal physiological function of the liver and improve the quality of life of patients.
In addition, it can promote the proliferation and differentiation of liver cells, increase the weight and protein content of the liver. At the same time, it can also improve the oxygen uptake ability of liver cells, enhance tissue respiratory function and oxygen respiration rate. These effects collectively promote the improvement and recovery of liver function.
Chemical applications
As an important chemical raw material, it has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. Here are some specific chemical applications:
(1) Dye manufacturing: can be used as an important raw material or additive in the manufacturing process of dyes. It can improve the stability and coloring power of dyes, making them more vivid and durable.
(2) Defoamers and emulsifiers: Defoamers and emulsifiers are commonly used additives in chemical production processes. It has excellent defoaming and emulsifying properties and can be used to manufacture efficient defoamers and emulsifiers, meeting the needs of various chemical production.
(3) Mineral flotation agent: In the process of mineral processing, flotation agent is a key auxiliary to improve mineral recovery rate. It can be used as an effective component of mineral flotation agents to improve the flotation efficiency and recovery rate of minerals.
(4) Rubber Accelerator: In the rubber industry, accelerators are important additives that accelerate the vulcanization process of rubber.
It can be used as a rubber accelerator to increase the vulcanization speed and degree of rubber, thereby improving the physical and mechanical properties of rubber.
(5) Steel preservatives: Steel is prone to rusting and corrosion in humid environments. It can be used as an effective ingredient in steel preservatives, improving the corrosion resistance of steel and extending its service life.
Application of pesticides
In the field of pesticides, this substance or its related compounds can be used in the manufacture of herbicides and insecticides. Here are some specific pesticide uses:
(1) Herbicide: This substance or its related compounds can be used as active ingredients in herbicides to kill or inhibit the growth of weeds. This helps to protect crops from competition and damage from weeds, and improve crop yield and quality.
(2) Insecticides: This substance or its related compounds can also be used in the manufacture of insecticides. They can kill or drive away pests, protecting crops from damage caused by pests. This is of great significance for ensuring the smooth progress of agricultural production.
Pharmaceutical intermediates
In the pharmaceutical field, it can also serve as an intermediate for certain drugs. Through chemical reactions, it can be converted into other compounds with pharmacological activity, which can then be used to manufacture various drugs. Here are some specific uses of pharmaceutical intermediates:
(1) Zhenxinning: Zhenxinning is a commonly used cardiovascular drug that can be used to treat symptoms such as arrhythmia. It can serve as an important intermediate in the synthesis process of propranolol.
(2) Vitamin A: Vitamin A is a medication with hepatoprotective effects that can be used to treat various liver diseases. It can also serve as a key intermediate in the synthesis process of vitamin A.
(3) Prubenxin: Prubenxin is an anticholinergic drug that can be used to treat symptoms such as gastrointestinal spasms. It can also play an important role in the synthesis process of Prubenxin.
Other uses
In addition to the main uses mentioned above, diisopropylammonium dichloroacetate can also be used in the following fields:
(1) Daily chemical products: In the field of daily chemical products, they can be used as ingredients in certain cosmetics or cleaning agents to improve product performance and stability.
(2) Surfactants: Due to their excellent surface activity properties, they can also be used to manufacture various surfactants to meet the needs of various industrial applications.
Diisopropylammonium is an adjunct to liver diseases, used for acute and chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, early cirrhosis, jaundice and general liver dysfunction. Diisopropyl ammonium(N-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine) has the function of improving liver function, promoting the regeneration of injured liver cells, improving the respiration rate of tissue cells and oxygen, and reducing the accumulation of fat in the liver.
Diisopropyllammonium dichloroacetate has multiple uses in analytical chemistry.
1. Metal ion analysis:
Diisopropyl ammonium dichloroacetate can form complexes with certain metal ions, which can be determined by colorimetric, photometric, and other methods. Therefore, it can be used for the analysis of metal ions, such as the determination of copper, zinc, and iron plasma.
2. Organic compound analysis:
Diisopropyl ammonium dichloroacetate can react with certain organic compounds to generate fluorescent or colored substances with specific wavelengths. Therefore, it can be used for the analysis of organic compounds, such as the determination of amino acids, proteins, peptides, and other compounds.
3. Biomolecular analysis:
Diisopropyllammonium dichloroacetate can react with certain biomolecules to generate fluorescent or colored substances with specific wavelengths. Therefore, it can be used for the analysis of biomolecules, such as the determination of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.
4. Separation and purification:
Diisopropyllammonium dichloroacetate can be used as a solvent or reagent for the separation and purification of organic compounds. By selecting appropriate solvents and conditions, different components in the mixture can be separated and purified.
Case 1: Treatment of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
In a clinical study at a hospital, 69 male patients diagnosed with alcoholic fatty liver were selected for the study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: an observation group and a control group. Thirty-six patients in the observation group were given diisopropylamine dichloroacetate tablets, 60 mg (20 mg of it per tablet) orally daily for 2 months. In the control group, 33 patients were given another commonly used drug, Kesile tablets.
At the end of treatment, the observation group achieved an effective rate of 77.8% compared to 75.8% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, the observation group performed better than the control group in reducing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). This result suggests that diisopropyl dichloroacetate has comparable efficacy to Caecilys tablets in the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver and may be more advantageous in improving certain liver function indices.
Case 2: Comprehensive Treatment for Fatty Liver Disease
Another study examined the efficacy of compound diisopropylamine dichloroacetate in the treatment of fatty liver. In this study, 90 patients with fatty liver were equally divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 45 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with hepatoprotective and enzyme-lowering drugs, while the patients in the treatment group were also treated with it Compound on this basis.
After treatment, the total effective rate of patients in the treatment group reached 86.67%, which was significantly higher than that of 64.44% in the control group. Liver function indexes such as ALT, AST, GGT and fibrosis indexes such as PCIII and HA of patients in the treatment group decreased significantly compared with those before treatment, and the improvement was better than that of the control group. This result proved the significant efficacy of compound it in the treatment of fatty liver.
Case 3: Combination of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with fatty liver
Diisopropyl dichloroacetate was used as part of a combination in a study of type 2 diabetes mellitus with fatty liver. Patients with type 2 diabetes and fatty liver were given a combination of diisopropyl dichloroacetate and atorvastatin.
After a certain number of cycles of treatment, the patients' fatty liver condition improved significantly. This is mainly due to the fact that DIC can inhibit fat mobilization, cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, thus reducing the fat burden of the liver. At the same time, atorvastatin also played its role in lowering blood lipids and stabilizing plaque, and the combination of the two achieved a better therapeutic effect.
Diisopropylammonium, as the protonated form of diisopropylamine, is an important member of the organic ammonium salt family. Its unique chemical structure is characterized by the steric hindrance effect of two types of isopropanol and adjustable acid-base properties, making it valuable in multiple scientific and technological fields.
In 1863, Nobel first prepared explosives by adsorbing nitroglycerin onto porous diatomaceous earth for the development of safety explosives. This technological breakthrough has laid the foundation for the composite materials of porous materials and active molecules. Although diisopropylamine was not directly involved at that time, the synergistic effect between porous carriers and active molecules provided inspiration for subsequent functional design.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the discovery of Grignard reagent (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1900) and the improvement of Diels Alder reaction (discovered in 1928, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950), organic synthesis technology entered a stage of perfection. As a tertiary amine compound, diisopropylamine gradually matured in its synthetic pathway, laying the material foundation for subsequent functional derivatives.
After the 1950s, chemical research shifted from a "structure oriented" approach to a "function oriented" approach.
In 1963, diisopropylamine was first reported as an organic group for catalytic reactions, and its steric hindrance effect and alkaline strength became the focus of research.
In the 1970s, with the rise of research on nonlinear optical materials (NLO), researchers began to explore organic molecules with large dipole moments, and diisopropylamine became a potential candidate group due to its variable nitrogen atoms.
Industrial production began in the 1960s, and early processes mainly involved the condensation reaction of isopropylamine and acetone, but there were problems such as poor selectivity and multiple by-products.
In 1972, US patent US3655705 proposed an improved solution: catalyzing isopropylamine and acetone in a hydrogen atmosphere, with a selectivity increased to 92% and a yield of 85%. This process has become an industrial standard, laying the foundation for the large-scale production of diisopropylamine.
FAQ
What is diisopropylamine used for?
The main commercial applications of diisopropylamine is as a precursor to the herbicide, diallate and triallate as well as certain sulfenamides used in the vulcanization of rubber. It is also used to prepare N,N-diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base) by alkylation with diethyl sulfate.
How to purify diisopropylamine?
Purification: can be dried over and distilled from fresh potassium hydroxide immediately before use.
Is diisopropylamine a strong or weak base?
Diisopropylamine is a versatile organic compound widely utilized in various industrial applications due to its unique properties. This secondary amine is characterized by its ability to act as a strong base and a nucleophile, making it an essential reagent in organic synthesis.
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