New indocyanine green, also known as IR-820, is a type of near-infrared (NIR) dye that holds significant research value in life sciences and biomedical studies. It appears as a brown crystalline solid with a melting point above 300°C. It exhibits a broad absorption band at 690 nm in aqueous solution, possessing a molar absorptivity of 72 x 104 dm3mol-1cm-1. This makes it an excellent choice for various applications in the medical field.
As a cost-effective imaging agent with low cytotoxicity, it is utilized in image-guided photothermal therapy for cancer treatment. It also serves as a contrasting agent for detecting and quantifying infected tissues in animals.
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Chemical Formula |
C46H50ClN2NaO6S2 |
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Exact Mass |
848.27 |
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Molecular Weight |
849.47 |
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m/z |
848.27 (100.0%), 849.27 (49.8%), 850.27 (32.0%), 851.27 (15.9%), 850.28 (12.1%), 850.27 (9.0%), 851.27 (4.5%), 852.27 (3.9%), 852.26 (2.9%), 849.27 (1.6%), 853.27 (1.4%), 850.27 (1.2%), 851.28 (1.1%), 852.27 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.04; H, 5.93; Cl, 4.17; N, 3.30; Na, 2.71; O, 11.30; S, 7.55 |
New indocyanine green (IR-820) is a dye with near-infrared absorption properties. Its unique chemical structure and optical properties make it widely applicable in various fields such as medicine, laser and infrared technology.
1. Medical imaging and diagnosis
The application in the field of medical imaging is particularly prominent. As a near-infrared fluorescent dye, it can be excited by specific wavelengths of light and emit near-infrared fluorescence signals, thereby achieving visualization of biological tissues.
Infrared blood pool contrast: It can be used as an infrared blood pool contrast agent, injected into the animal's body through veins or peritoneum, and utilizes its fluorescence characteristics in the near-infrared region to clearly display vascular structure and blood flow dynamics. This characteristic is particularly important in tumor diagnosis, as tumor tissue typically has an abnormal vascular network. Infrared blood pool imaging can accurately identify the lesion area, providing important evidence for subsequent treatment.
Detection of pathological tissue in live animals: In live animal experiments, it can specifically aggregate in pathological tissue and achieve precise localization of pathological tissue through fluorescence imaging technology. This non-invasive detection method not only reduces the pain of experimental animals, but also improves the accuracy and reliability of experimental data.
Multimodal imaging: It can also be combined with other fluorescent probes or imaging techniques to achieve multimodal imaging. For example, combining with imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) can provide more comprehensive anatomical and functional information, improving the accuracy and sensitivity of disease diagnosis.
2. Tumor treatment
It has also shown great potential in the field of tumor treatment. Its unique near-infrared absorption characteristics make it an ideal photosensitizer for image-guided photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy.
Image guided photothermal therapy: Under the irradiation of near-infrared light, it can absorb light energy and convert it into heat energy, producing local thermal effects to kill tumor cells. This treatment method has the advantages of precision, minimally invasive, and high efficiency, which can significantly improve the treatment effect of tumors. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring of the treatment process through fluorescence imaging technology can ensure the accuracy and safety of the treatment.
Photodynamic therapy: In addition to obvious photothermal ablation effects, it can also generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under specific light stimulation, which can severely damage the DNA and cell membrane structure of tumor cells through intense oxidative stress response, thereby effectively inducing rapid tumor cell apoptosis. This unique dual mechanism of action enables neoindocyanine green to have higher therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse side effects in precise tumor treatment. Targeted therapy: By tightly binding neoindocyanine green with specific tumor-targeting antibodies or chemotherapeutic drugs, stable targeted fluorescent probes or intelligent drug carriers can be formed to achieve accurate specific labeling and real-time tracking of tumor cells. This advanced targeted therapy method can significantly improve the overall efficacy.
3. Liver function assessmentIt also possesses considerable practical application value in quantitative clinical liver function assessment. Although its specific metabolic mechanism differs greatly from classical indocyanine green (ICG), a brand-new non-invasive liver function assessment method can be developed based on its outstanding near-infrared fluorescence properties. For example, by dynamically monitoring its real-time metabolism and excretion process in liver tissue, the reserve function and overall metabolic capacity of the liver can be accurately evaluated, providing important objective laboratory basis for clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment of various liver diseases.
In the field of laser and infrared technology
1. Near infrared dyes
As an excellent near-infrared dye, it has broad application prospects in the fields of laser and infrared technology. Its high molar absorptivity and wide absorption band make it an ideal gain medium or filter in laser devices.
Laser gain medium: In solid-state lasers, green can be used as a gain medium to achieve high-power and high-efficiency laser emission by absorbing pump light energy and converting it into laser output. This type of laser has wide application value in industrial processing, medical beauty and other fields.
Infrared filter: In infrared optical systems, it can be used as a filter to separate and purify spectra by absorbing specific wavelengths of infrared light and transmitting other wavelengths of light.
This type of filter plays an important role in fields such as infrared imaging and infrared communication.
2. Industrial and scientific research applications
In addition to matching various laser equipment, it can also be widely used in other industrial manufacturing and scientific research fields. For example, in materials science, its unique fluorescence properties can be used to study the microstructure and properties of materials; In environmental science, it can act as a sensitive fluorescent probe to detect pollutants or harmful substances in the environment; In biomedical research, its excellent near-infrared fluorescence properties can be utilized for cell imaging, molecular tracking, and other related biological experiments.
Other potential application areas
1. Biosensors
It has excellent fluorescence properties and chemical stability, making it an ideal candidate material in the field of biosensors. By binding it with specific biomolecules such as antibodies, enzymes, etc., high-sensitivity and high selectivity biosensors can be constructed for detecting target molecules (such as glucose, proteins, DNA, etc.) in biological samples. This type of biosensor has broad application prospects in fields such as disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
2. Drug development
In the process of drug development, it can be used as a fluorescent marker to monitor the real-time distribution and metabolism of drug molecules in the body. Through fluorescence imaging technology, the accumulation and release kinetics of drug molecules in target tissues can be visually observed, thereby evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs. In addition, the IR-820 can also be used as a component of drug carriers to enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects by targeted delivery of drug molecules to diseased tissues.
3. Security and anti-counterfeiting measures
The unique fluorescence properties of new indocyanine green can also be fully applied in the fields of security inspection and product anti-counterfeiting. For example, it can be evenly added to special anti-counterfeiting labels or packaging materials, and emit stable fluorescent signals under specific excitation light sources to achieve rapid product authenticity identification and full-process traceability tracking. This novel anti-counterfeiting technology has the prominent advantages of being difficult to replicate and easy to visually identify, and holds broad practical application value in high-end luxury goods, pharmaceuticals, and many other commercial fields.
An Introduction to Contrast Agents
Contrast agents, also known as contrast media, are chemical substances injected or ingested into the human body's tissues or organs to enhance the effectiveness of imaging observations. These substances, which have a density higher or lower than the surrounding tissues, create a contrast that allows certain imaging devices to produce clearer images.
Types of Contrast Agents
- Iodinated Contrast Agents (ICAs): These are the most commonly used contrast agents in interventional radiology. They contain varying concentrations of iodine and are often used in vascular and body cavity imaging. Examples include iopromide (Ultravist), iohexol (Omnipaque), and iopamidol (Isovue). Iodinated contrast agents can be further classified into ionic and non-ionic types. Non-ionic agents are generally less toxic and have a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared to ionic agents.
- Barium Sulfate: This type of contrast agent is primarily used in gastrointestinal imaging. It is a white, odorless, tasteless powder that is mixed with water to form a suspension. When ingested, it coats the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, allowing for better visualization during X-ray examinations.
- Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: These agents are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the visibility of blood vessels and other structures. They contain gadolinium, a lanthanide element, chelated with various ligands to improve stability and reduce toxicity.
Applications
Contrast agents are used in a wide range of imaging procedures, including but not limited to:
Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
Iodinated contrast agents are injected intravenously to enhance the visibility of blood vessels.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are used to improve the contrast between tissues.
X-Ray Imaging
Barium sulfate is used for gastrointestinal imaging, while iodinated contrast agents may be used for vascular imaging.
Ultrasound
Although less commonly used, some contrast agents can be injected to enhance ultrasound images.
Adverse Reactions
While contrast agents are generally safe, some patients may experience adverse reactions. These can range from mild symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and edema to severe reactions including anaphylaxis, shock, and coma. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to screen patients for allergies to contrast agents and to monitor them closely during and after the procedure.
Special Considerations
Renal Function: Iodinated contrast agents can cause kidney damage, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Therefore, renal function should be assessed before administering these agents.
Thyroid Function: Since iodinated contrast agents contain iodine, they can affect thyroid function. Patients with hyperthyroidism may be more susceptible to thyroid storms after receiving these agents.
In conclusion, contrast agents are essential tools in medical imaging, enabling healthcare professionals to obtain clearer and more detailed images of the body's internal structures. However, their use should be carefully managed to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
In summary, IR-820 has shown promising results in a variety of research instances, including laparoscopic surgery and cancer imaging. Its unique near-infrared fluorescence properties make it a versatile tool for enhancing visualization and precision in medical research and clinical practice.
New indocyanine green (IR-820) is a significant near-infrared dye with broad applications in life science and biomedical research. As a cost-effective imaging agent with low cytotoxicity, it has demonstrated remarkable potential in various research instances.One notable research example involves its use in laparoscopic surgery, particularly in transplant surgery. In a case report, it was employed as a fluorescent imaging agent to identify and locate lymphoceles during a laparoscopic procedure. By injecting ICG into the lymphocele, surgeons could visualize the internal structure of the lymphocele lobes under near-infrared fluorescence imaging.
This technique allowed for precise dissection of the lymphocele wall and aspiration of serous fluid, reducing the risk of damaging urinary structures during surgery. The successful application of ICG in this instance underscores its value as a tool for enhancing surgical precision and patient outcomes.Furthermore, it has been utilized in the detection of sentinel nodes in gastric cancer surgery. Its ability to provide real-time, non-invasive imaging makes it an attractive option for avoiding unnecessary resection and improving surgical accuracy. Additionally, ICG has been explored as a contrasting agent for the detection and quantification of infected tissues in animals, further broadening its scope of applications.
references
Prajapati S I, et al. Near-infrared imaging of injured tissue in living subjects using IR-820[J]. Molecular Imaging, 2009, 8(1): 45-54. PMID:19126313
Lei T J, Fernandez-Fernandez A, et al. A comparative study of IR-820 and indocyanine green (ICG)[J]. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2010, 51(Suppl 2): 225.
Feng X Y, et al. Rational synthesis of IR820-albumin complex for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgical treatment of tumors and gastrointestinal obstruction[J]. Theranostics, 2022, 12(11): 5012-5028. DOI:10.7150/thno.71241
Yuan X Y, et al. Conjugates of lactobionic acid and IR820: New photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy of hepatoma cells[J]. Drug Development Research, 2022, 83(7): 1923-1933. DOI:10.1002/ddr.22007
FAQ
What is indocyanine green?
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a medical dye doctors use to find and help treat problems in certain parts of the body. The dye changes the way the body parts look under a special light so doctors can see them more easily. ICG lasts for just a short time and is safe for kids.
What is indocyanine green made of?
Idocyanine green is a water soluble, tricarbocyanine dye with peak spectral absorption at 800 nm. The chemical name for Indocyanine Green is 1 H-Benz[e]indolium,2-[7[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(-4- sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e]indo-2-ylidene]-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-,hydroxide, innersalt, sodium.
Is indocyanine green a drug?
Indocyanine green (ICG) is another less-known drug that stands in the medical field for 60 years. The optical fluorescence characteristic of ICG made its first launch in the medical field. As the imaging technique progresses into emerges.
Is indocyanine green radioactive?
Indocyanine green is a unique dye that is not radioactive, can be seen with a simple camera that does not require radiation, and is designed to go to tumor cells upon administration.
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