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The MOTS-c tablet is an innovative dietary supplement or potential therapeutic agent based on the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c. Its core component is a short peptide composed of 16 amino acids that naturally exists in the human body and is encoded by mitochondrial DNA. It has been revealed to play a crucial messenger role in cellular metabolic regulation. Unlike most peptides encoded by nuclear DNA, MOTS-c mainly acts on the cell nucleus and activates key metabolic regulatory factors AMPK, thereby mimicking the positive effects of "calorie restriction". Its main physiological functions include optimizing glucose metabolism, promoting fatty acid oxidation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and improving the energy homeostasis of muscle cells. Therefore, the oral MOTS-c tablet aims to help reverse age-related insulin resistance, curb diet-induced obesity, and enhance exercise endurance by exogenous supplementation of this "metabolic switch". Currently, it mainly appears as a star molecule in laboratory research and a component of high-end health supplements. Its long-term safety and exact efficacy for the human body are still being verified in larger-scale clinical studies. However, it undoubtedly represents an emerging and promising direction for targeting mitochondria to intervene in aging and related metabolic diseases.
Our product
Additional information of chemical compound:
| Product Name | MOTS-c Tablets | MOTS-c Powder | MOTS-c Injection |
| Product Type | Tablets | Powder | Injection |
| Product Purity | HPLC≥99.0% | ≥99% | ≥99% |
| Product Specifications | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
| Product Package | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
Our Product
MOTS-c+. COA
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Certificate of Analysis |
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Compound name |
MOTS-c | |
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CAS No. |
1627580-64-6 | |
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Grade |
Pharmaceutical grade | |
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Quantity |
Customized | |
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Packaging standard |
Customized | |
| Manufacturer | Shaanxi BLOOM TECH Co., Ltd | |
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Lot No. |
20250109001 |
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MFG |
Jan 12th 2025 |
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EXP |
Jan 8th 2029 |
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Structure |
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| TEST STANDARD | GB/T24768-2009 Industry. Stnndard | |
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Item |
Enterprise standard |
Analysis result |
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Appearance |
White or almost white powder |
Conformed |
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Water content |
≤4.5% |
0.30% |
| Loss on drying |
≤1.0% |
0.15% |
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Heavy Metals |
Pb≤0.5ppm |
N.D. |
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As≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Hg≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Cd≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Purity (HPLC) |
≥99.0% |
99.5% |
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Single impurity |
<0.8% |
0.48% |
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Residue on ignition |
<0.20% |
0.064% |
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Total microbial count |
≤750cfu/g |
80 |
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E. Coli |
≤2MPN/g |
N.D. |
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Salmonella |
N.D. | N.D. |
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Ethanol (by GC) |
≤5000ppm |
400ppm |
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Storage |
Store in a sealed, dark and dry place at-20 degrees |
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1. Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
In the NASH model, MOTS-c tablets showed significant therapeutic effects. The research team from the Fourth Military Medical University found that MOTS-c can inhibit the development of NASH by increasing the stability of Bcl-2 protein and suppressing its ubiquitination. The mice treated with MOTS-c had lower body weight and lighter liver weight, significantly reversed hepatic steatosis, and reduced the progression of hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In addition, MOTS-c can improve mitochondrial mediated metabolic disorders in NASH and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.
2. Other disease models
In addition to NASH and MIRI, MOTS-c has also demonstrated potential therapeutic value in various other disease models. For example, in the diabetes model, MOTS-c can improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control; In the obesity model, MOTS-c can reduce weight and fat accumulation; In the aging model, MOTS-c can delay the aging process and improve quality of life.
Mechanism of action
Regulate metabolic homeostasis
MOTS-c plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism. It can promote glucose uptake and utilization by activating the AMPK (AMP activated protein kinase) signaling pathway, while inhibiting the synthesis and storage of fatty acids, thereby maintaining blood glucose and lipid homeostasis. In addition, MOTS-c can enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis and function, and improve the energy metabolism efficiency of cells.
Anti inflammatory effect
MOTS-c has significant anti-inflammatory effects. It can reduce the production and release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of the NF - κ B (Nuclear Factor - κ B) signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response. MOTS-c has shown good anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory disease models, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI).
Anti oxidative stress
Mitochondria are the main source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and excessive accumulation of ROS can lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage. MOTS-c can enhance the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria, reduce the production and accumulation of ROS, and protect cells from oxidative stress damage. In addition, MOTS-c can promote the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, further enhancing the antioxidant defense ability of cells.
Regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy
MOTS-c also plays an important role in regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy. It can inhibit cell apoptosis by regulating the expression and activity of Bcl-2 family proteins. Meanwhile, MOTS-c can also activate the expression of autophagy related genes, promote the occurrence of cellular autophagy, thereby clearing damaged organelles and protein aggregates, and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
MOTS-c tablets (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the Twelve S rRNA-c) It is a bioactive peptide encoded by mitochondrial genes, which has various biological functions such as regulating energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant stress. With the deepening of research on MOTS-c, its biosynthetic methods have also received widespread attention.
Method 1: Biological expression methods
An effective method for biological expression of MOTS-c is to use genetic engineering technology to construct engineering bacteria that express MOTS-c. The specific steps are as follows:
Gene cloning: Clone the gene fragment encoding MOTS-c from the mitochondrial genome and insert it into an appropriate expression vector.
Transformation and screening: Transform the constructed expression vector into host bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, yeast, etc.) and obtain positive clones through methods such as antibiotic screening.
Optimization of expression conditions: Optimize the expression conditions of positive clones, including adjusting parameters such as culture medium composition, inducer concentration, and induction time, to increase the expression level of MOTS-c.
Under optimized expression conditions, the engineering bacteria were fermented and cultured, and the expression of MOTS-c was induced. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to control parameters such as temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen to ensure the normal growth of engineering bacteria and the efficient expression of MOTS-c.
After fermentation, centrifuge the fermentation broth and collect the bacterial cells. Then, cell debris and large molecular impurities are removed through methods such as cell lysis, centrifugation, and ultrafiltration. Then, MOTS-c was separated and purified by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and other chromatographic techniques to obtain high-purity products.
Identification and characterization of purified MOTS-c, including mass spectrometry analysis, amino acid sequence determination, biological activity detection, etc., to confirm its identity and biological function.
Method 2: Natural Chemical Linkage (NCL)
Natural chemical ligation is a relatively new chemical synthesis method that can condense unprotected peptide fragments into new peptide chains in buffer solution. In the synthesis of MOTS-c, the NCL method can be carried out through the following steps:
Peptide fragment preparation:
Firstly, synthesize two or more peptide fragments from the MOTS-c sequence separately, ensuring that the C-terminus of each fragment is in thioester form and the N-terminus is a nucleophilic amino donor.
Fragment condensation:
The acyl donor peptide segment in the form of a thioester is condensed with a nucleophilic amino donor in a buffer solution. The first step is the reversible exchange reaction between sulfur and thioester, and the second step is to transfer the S ->N acyl group to the newly condensed peptide chain to form an amide bond. This reaction occurs spontaneously and irreversibly.
Purification and characterization:
The condensed product is purified and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other methods to confirm the successful synthesis of MOTS-c.
The NCL method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and high product purity. However, the main reason limiting the application of NCL method is the need for cysteine to participate in the reaction at the condensation site. In addition, the need for expensive acyl donors in the form of thioesters also limits the industrial application of NCL methods.
Comparison and Selection of Biological Synthesis Methods:
Chemical synthesis methods and biological expression methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Chemical synthesis methods have the advantages of high synthesis efficiency and high product purity, but they are costly and may introduce chemical impurities. Biological expression methods have the advantages of low cost and natural products, but the expression level may be low and the purification process may be relatively complex.
When choosing the biosynthesis method of MOTS-c, comprehensive consideration should be given based on specific needs. If a large amount of high-purity MOTS-c is needed for clinical research or drug development, chemical synthesis methods may be more suitable. If it is necessary to study the natural structure and function of MOTS-c, or if it is cost sensitive, biological expression methods may be more advantageous.
Research and Development Challenges and Future Directions
1. R&D challenges
Although MOTS-c has shown good therapeutic effects in various disease models, its development still faces many challenges. Firstly, as a short peptide drug, MOTS-c has poor stability and is easily degraded by enzymes in the body, which affects its bioavailability and efficacy. Secondly, the administration method and dosage selection of MOTS-c are also key issues in the development process. How to optimize the administration method, improve bioavailability, and reduce side effects is an important issue that needs to be addressed in the development process of MOTS-c.
2. Future direction
In response to research and development challenges, future research can be conducted from the following aspects:
Drug delivery system:
Develop novel drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, etc. to improve stability and bioavailability. These delivery systems can protect against degradation by enzymes within the receptor and prolong their circulation time in the body, thereby improving their therapeutic efficacy.
Optimization of administration methods:
Explore different administration methods, such as oral, injection, inhalation, etc., to find the most suitable administration route for MOTS-c. At the same time, studying the efficacy and safety of different doses provides scientific basis for clinical application.
In depth study of the mechanism of action:
Further investigate the mechanism of action and reveal its specific targets and signaling pathways in different diseases. This will help develop more precise and effective products.
Clinical trial implementation:
Based on sufficient preliminary research, conduct clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety in humans. Through clinical trials, verify the therapeutic effect and provide strong support for its clinical application.
As a bioactive peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome, it has shown potential therapeutic value in metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and liver diseases. Its unique chemical structure and mechanism of action make it one of the hotspots in the field of drug development. Although the development of MOTS-c Tablets still faces many challenges, with the continuous deepening of biomedical research and advances in technology, it is believed that it will provide new options and hope for the treatment of various diseases in the future. Future research should further explore the mechanism of action, optimize drug delivery systems and administration methods, and conduct clinical trials to verify their efficacy and safety.
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