Pimobendan tablets, which is a type of heart failure medication that belongs to the non glycoside class of cardiac stimulants. It is a widely used and unique pharmacological drug in the veterinary field, mainly used to treat canine heart disease. Its English name is Pimobendan, and the product name may vary depending on different manufacturers, such as Boehringer Ingelheim ® Wait. In clinical application, Pimobendan are mainly used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs, especially heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy or chronic mitral valve insufficiency. They can enhance myocardial contractility, improve heart function, enhance the quality of life of affected dogs, and prolong life expectancy. For dogs with mucinous/degenerative mitral valve disease, it can also alleviate left ventricular burden caused by mitral valve insufficiency, improve cardiac pumping function, and improve symptoms and prognosis.
However, when using product, it is necessary to strictly follow veterinary guidance, determine the appropriate dosage and administration method based on the dog's weight and condition, and closely observe the dog's reaction to ensure medication safety and effectiveness.
The common specifications of Pimobendan tablets are mainly 1.25mg, 2.5mg, and 5mg. The following is a detailed introduction to these specifications:
1.25mg specification
Target audience:
Suitable for dogs with lighter body weight, such as toy dogs and small dogs.
Usage and dosage: For dogs weighing approximately 5kg, administer 1.25mg chewable tablets in the morning and evening respectively.
2.5mg specification
Target audience:
Suitable for small and medium-sized dogs.
Usage and dosage: For dogs weighing approximately 10kg, administer one 2.5mg chewable tablet each morning and evening.
5mg specification
Target audience:
Suitable for medium to large dogs.
Usage and dosage: For dogs weighing approximately 20kg, administer a 5mg chewable tablet in the morning and evening respectively
Specification characteristics and drug delivery flexibility
Scratch design: Chewing tablets usually have scratch lines that can be broken into two and a half pieces, making it easier to adjust the dosage more accurately according to the dog's weight.
Dose range: The daily dose range is generally 0.2~0.6mg/kg body weight, and the optimal dose is 0.5mg/kg body weight.
Storage and expiration date
Storage conditions: It should be sealed and stored in a dry place below 25 ℃.
Validity period: The validity period is 36 months when unopened, and it should be used up within 100 days after opening.
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Additional information of chemical compound:
| Product Name | Pimobendan Capsule | Pimobendan Injection | Pimobendan Tablets |
| Product Type | Capsule | Injection | Tablets |
| Product Purity | ≥99% | ≥99% | ≥99% |
| Product Specifications | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
| Product Package | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
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Pimobendan+. COA
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Certificate of Analysis |
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Compound name |
Pimobendan | |
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CAS No. |
74150-27-9 | |
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Grade |
Pharmaceutical grade | |
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Quantity |
Customized | |
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Packaging standard |
Customized | |
| Manufacturer | Shaanxi BLOOM TECH Co., Ltd | |
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Lot No. |
20250109001 |
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MFG |
Jan 12th 2025 |
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EXP |
Jan 8th 2029 |
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Structure |
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| TEST STANDARD | GB/T24768-2009 Industry. Stnndard | |
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Item |
Enterprise standard |
Analysis result |
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Appearance |
White or almost white powder |
Conformed |
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Water content |
≤4.5% |
0.30% |
| Loss on drying |
≤1.0% |
0.15% |
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Heavy Metals |
Pb≤0.5ppm |
N.D. |
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As≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Hg≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Cd≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Purity (HPLC) |
≥99.0% |
99.5% |
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Single impurity |
<0.8% |
0.48% |
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Residue on ignition |
<0.20% |
0.064% |
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Total microbial count |
≤750cfu/g |
80 |
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E. Coli |
≤2MPN/g |
N.D. |
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Salmonella |
N.D. | N.D. |
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Ethanol (by GC) |
≤5000ppm |
400ppm |
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Storage |
Store in a sealed, dark and dry place at-20 degrees |
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Clinical application and indications
(1) Human applications
In human medicine, pimobendan tablets are mainly used to treat congestive heart failure caused by atrioventricular valve insufficiency or myocardial hypertrophy. For patients who still cannot achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects after basic treatments such as digitalis and diuretics, there are an effective treatment option.
(3) Indication extension
As research progresses, the indications for pimobendan may be further expanded. For example, in some cases, pimobendan is used to treat preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy or myxomatous mitral valve disease to delay the onset of heart failure or sudden death.
(2) Veterinary applications
In the field of veterinary medicine, pimobendan chewable tablets (such as buxinding) ®) Widely used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs, especially heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or chronic mitral valve insufficiency (CMVI). In addition, pimobendan can also be used to treat mucinous/degenerative mitral valve disease (MMVD/DMVD) in dogs, significantly improving the quality of life and extending life expectancy of affected dogs.
Pimobendan tablets, as a widely used drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, have a complex and diverse mechanism of action, involving the regulation of multiple physiological processes.
(1) Calcium ion sensitivity regulation
Can enhance the sensitivity of myocardial fibers to calcium ions. Calcium ions play a crucial role in the process of myocardial cell contraction, as they bind to troponin and trigger muscle filament sliding, thereby achieving myocardial contraction. By regulating the calcium ion related signaling pathway within myocardial cells, they are able to generate strong contractility even at lower calcium ion concentrations. This calcium sensitization effect does not rely on an increase in extracellular calcium ion concentration, so it does not significantly increase myocardial oxygen consumption, avoiding the risk of myocardial ischemia that traditional positive inotropic drugs may bring.
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(2) Phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibition
It is a non selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. PDE3 is widely present in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, and its main function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). CAMP is an important second messenger that plays a crucial role in intracellular signal transduction. It reduce the degradation of cAMP by inhibiting the activity of PDE3, leading to an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration. The increase in cAMP concentration can activate protein kinase A (PKA), thereby promoting the release of calcium ions in myocardial cells and the uptake of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, enhancing myocardial contractility. At the same time, PKA can phosphorylate various proteins within myocardial cells, regulating their contraction and relaxation functions.
(1) Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Has a direct relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. By inhibiting PDE3 in vascular smooth muscle cells and increasing intracellular cAMP concentration, cAMP can activate PKA, which further phosphorylates various proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. This vasodilation effect can reduce the pre - and post load on the heart, alleviate its workload, and improve cardiac function. For patients with heart failure, vasodilation can increase cardiac output and alleviate symptoms such as dyspnea and edema.
(2) Improve microcirculation
The vasodilatory effect of Pimobendan tablets is not limited to large blood vessels, but can also improve microcirculation. Microcirculation is an important site for material exchange between blood and tissue cells. Microcirculation disorders can lead to a series of problems such as tissue hypoxia and metabolic disorders. By dilating microvessels, increasing microcirculation blood flow, improving tissue oxygen and nutrient supply, and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the common pathophysiological changes in patients with heart failure, and its microcirculatory improvement effect helps to improve the overall health status of patients.
(1) Inhibit sympathetic nervous system excitation
Has a certain beta receptor blocking effect and can inhibit the excitation of the sympathetic nervous system. When the sympathetic nervous system is excited, it releases neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, which act on beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels, leading to physiological reactions such as increased heart rate, enhanced myocardial contractility, and vascular constriction. In cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, excessive excitation of the sympathetic nervous system can further increase the burden on the heart and promote disease progression. By blocking beta receptors, reducing the action of norepinephrine, lowering heart rate and blood pressure, reducing cardiac load, and improving cardiac function.
(2) Antiarrhythmic treatment
Beta receptor blockade also has antiarrhythmic effects. Arrhythmia is one of the common complications of cardiovascular disease, and severe arrhythmias can lead to life-threatening situations such as cardiac arrest. By inhibiting β receptors, reducing the autonomy and excitability of myocardial cells, and decreasing the excitation of ectopic rhythm points, arrhythmia can be prevented and treated. In addition, beta receptor blockade can prolong the effective refractory period of myocardial cells, reduce the occurrence of reentry excitation, and further reduce the risk of arrhythmia.
(1) Inhibit myocardial hypertrophy
Cardiac remodeling is an important pathophysiological process in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, and myocardial hypertrophy is one of the important manifestations of cardiac remodeling. Although myocardial hypertrophy can compensate for the decline in cardiac function to some extent, long-term myocardial hypertrophy can lead to adverse consequences such as myocardial cell apoptosis and fibrosis, further exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. Inhibit the development of myocardial hypertrophy through multiple mechanisms. On the one hand, its positive inotropic effect can improve cardiac function, reduce cardiac load, and thus reduce the stimulating factors of myocardial hypertrophy; On the other hand, the beta receptor blockade and vasodilation effects of pimobendan can lower blood pressure and heart rate, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, inhibit the growth and proliferation of myocardial cells, and delay the process of myocardial hypertrophy.
(2) Improve cardiac diastolic function
Diastolic dysfunction is also an important characteristic of cardiac remodeling, which can lead to limited cardiac filling and reduced cardiac output. It can improve the diastolic function of the heart. By enhancing the sensitivity of myocardial fibers to calcium ions, myocardial cells can release calcium ions more quickly during diastole, promoting myocardial relaxation. At the same time, the vasodilatory effect of pimobendan can reduce the preload of the heart, alleviate the filling pressure of the heart, and facilitate the relaxation of the heart. Improving diastolic function can enhance the filling efficiency of the heart, increase cardiac output, and improve patient symptoms and prognosis.
(1) Combined use with diuretics
In the treatment of heart failure, diuretics are often used in combination. Diuretics can reduce the retention of water and sodium in the body and reduce the preload of the heart by promoting the excretion of urine. Pimobendan tablets further improve cardiac function by enhancing myocardial contractility and dilating blood vessels. The combined application of the two can synergistically reduce cardiac load, improve cardiac function, and enhance treatment efficacy. For example, for preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs (asymptomatic systolic mitral valve murmurs and cardiac enlargement), the combination of pimobendan and diuretics such as furosemide can effectively improve the quality of life and prolong life expectancy of the affected dogs.
(2) Combined use with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs)
ACEI and ARB can lower blood pressure, alleviate cardiac afterload, and inhibit myocardial remodeling by inhibiting the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). The combination of ACEI or ARB can exert its effects through different mechanisms, jointly improving cardiac function and delaying the progression of heart failure. This combination therapy has been widely used in clinical practice and has achieved good therapeutic effects.
Clinical significance of the mechanism of action
(1) Improve symptoms of heart failure
Through the various mechanisms mentioned above, the symptoms of heart failure patients can be significantly improved. It can increase cardiac output, reduce pre - and post cardiac load, alleviate symptoms such as dyspnea, edema, and fatigue, and improve patients' quality of life. For congestive heart failure in dogs, especially those secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or chronic mitral valve insufficiency (CMVI), it can enhance myocardial contractility, reduce pre - and post cardiac load, improve cardiac function, enhance the quality of life of affected dogs, and prolong life expectancy..
(2) Delay disease progression
The inhibitory effect on cardiac remodeling can delay the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. By inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and improving diastolic function, it can reduce adverse remodeling of the heart and maintain its normal structure and function. This is of great significance for improving the long-term prognosis of patients.
(3) Improve patient survival rate
Clinical studies have shown that the use of pimobendan can reduce the mortality rate of patients with heart failure. Its multifaceted mechanisms work together to improve cardiac function, reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and thus increase the survival rate of patients. In the treatment of preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy (asymptomatic, diagnosed by echocardiography with increased left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic diameters) in dogs, pimobendan can delay the age of heart failure or sudden death in dogs and prolong their survival time.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the human equivalent of pimobendan?
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Enalapril or pimobendan (the active ingredient in Vetmedin®) may be given as individual medications, but they are more commonly used in combination to manage heart disease. Enalapril is FDA-approved for human use under the brand names Epaned® and Vasotec® and as generic enalapril.
What does pimobendan do for a dog?
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What is pimobendan? Pimobendan (brand name Vetmedin®) is a heart medication used to treat dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) usually caused by dilated cardiomyopathy or valvular insufficiency.
Does pimobendan shrink the heart?
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Pimobendan has been shown to increase aortic flow velocity and fractional shortening while decreasing left ventricular size in healthy dogs with peak effects between 2 and 5 h after oral dosing (16, 17).
Does pimobendan make dogs tired?
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VETMEDIN® (pimobendan) Chewable Tablets and VETMEDIN® Solution (pimobendan oral solution) are for use in dogs with clinical evidence of heart failure only. The most common side effects reported in field studies were poor appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, dyspnea, azotemia, weakness, and ataxia.
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