Our p Naphtholbenzein, pure aspirin powder, 4 Methylpropiophenone have a strong price performance, competitive advantage and continuous stability of product quality. Therefore, it is your wise choice to choose our products. We always stick to the tenet of 'sincerity, high quality, high efficiency, innovation'. Over the years, our company has been adhering to the 'quality is the life of the enterprise' as the principle, strict requirements of their own.
Isoflurane Solution, whose chemical name is 2 - Chloro-2 - ( difluoromethoxy ) -1,1,1 - trifluoroethane, is a colorless clear liquid with ether-like odor. It does not burn and explode, and has ether-like odor. It does not decompose when encountering alkali lime, and has corrosive effect on metals, rubbers and plastics. It is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. It can be used as organic intermediates and chemical raw materials for biopharmacy. Shade, seal and keep in the shade. Isoflurane is a commonly used intravenous general Narcotic. Its chemical formula is C3H2ClF5O, CAS 26675-46-7, and its relative molecular weight is about 184.5 g/mole. It is a colorless liquid with a melting point of approximately -17.8 ° C (255.35K) and a boiling point of approximately 48.5 ° C (321.65K). This means that Isoflurane exists as a gas at room temperature. It has no obvious odor, but has a faint sweetness. The solubility in water is very low, about 0.18g/100mL. This means that it is not easy to mix with water, and its Partition coefficient in water is low. It has a high saturated Vapor pressure, about 238 mmHg (at 20 ° C). This allows it to quickly evaporate into gaseous form. It is a relatively stable compound that is not easily decomposed under conventional storage and usage conditions. However, avoid exposure to extreme conditions such as high temperatures and open flames to prevent their decomposition. It has a wide range of clinical applications.
|
Chemical Formula |
C3H2ClF5O |
|
Exact Mass |
180 |
|
Molecular Weight |
180 |
|
m/z |
184 (100.0%), 186 (32.0%), 185 (3.2%), 187 (1.0%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 19.53; H, 1.09; Cl, 19.22; F, 51.49; O, 8.67 |
| Melting point |
48.5 ° C |
|
Boiling point |
48.5 ° C |
|
Density |
1.510 g / ml at 25 ° C |
|
Storage conditions |
2-8 ° C |
|
Flash point |
48-49 ° C |
|
Refractive index |
1.3002 |
|
|
|
Isoflurane solution is an intravenous general Narcotic widely used in the medical field. It produces anesthetic effects by regulating neurotransmitters and inhibiting nerve conduction.
Isoflurane is a powerful general anesthetic widely used in surgery and medical procedures. It affects the central nervous system, reduces consciousness, reduces pain perception, and produces muscle relaxation effects. Isoflurane's rapid induction and recovery time make it a commonly used Narcotic in surgery.
In addition to surgical anesthesia, Isoflurane can also be used for other clinical anesthesia applications. For example, it can be used for animal anesthesia in biomedical research. In addition, Isoflurane can also be used in fields such as emergency surgery, sedation in emergency situations, and pediatric anesthesia.
Isoflurane is often used in combination with other Narcotic, such as fentanyl and Diazepam, to achieve more ideal anesthetic effects. This combination can reduce the dose of a single Narcotic, thereby reducing the risk of potential adverse reactions and improving the safety of patients.
Isoflurane is commonly used in oxygen supply and organic nitrogen anesthesia machines to produce the desired anesthetic effect by adjusting the inhalation concentration. This anesthesia machine is widely used in clinical environments such as operating rooms and intensive care units.
Isoflurane is commonly used for short-term anesthesia for certain diagnostic tests. For example, in small animal experiments, Isoflurane can be used to generate anesthesia for radiation tracing, cardiovascular testing, and electrophysiological experiments.
Isoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic drug, and its mechanism of action mainly involves its effects on multiple aspects such as the central nervous system, immune system, and cardiovascular system. The main mechanism of action of isoflurane is as follows:
Central nervous system inhibition
By inhibiting the ascending activation system of the brainstem reticular formation, a central nervous system inhibitory effect is produced. This inhibitory effect enables patients to enter a state of sedation, hypnosis, and muscle relaxation, thereby meeting the anesthesia needs during surgery or special examinations. At the same time, the depth of anesthesia is prone to change, so precise setting and control of drug output are required during use.
Anti inflammatory effect
It can bind to receptors on the cell membrane in the body, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and exhibiting certain anti-inflammatory effects. It can reduce the degree of inflammatory response, promote tissue repair, and therefore can also be used as a local infiltrative anesthetic or nerve blocking anesthetic to alleviate pain symptoms in some cases.
Antioxidant effect
It also has antioxidant properties, can clear free radicals, and protect the body from damage. Meanwhile, research has found that it can also enhance the human immune system and prevent the development of diseases.
Other functions
In addition to the main mechanism of action mentioned above, it may also have a certain inhibitory effect on the respiratory system. Therefore, when using medication before surgery, it is necessary to choose appropriate drugs based on the patient's specific situation to reduce the inhibitory effect on the respiratory system.
Effects on the cardiovascular system
It also has a certain impact on the cardiovascular system. It can increase the sensitivity of the myocardium to adrenaline, but the degree is relatively weak. During anesthesia, it may lead to a decrease in blood pressure, mainly due to the dilation of peripheral blood vessels. However, under mechanical ventilation and maintaining normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, even increasing the depth of anesthesia can maintain cardiac output, which is usually compensated by an increase in heart rate.
Isoflurane solution is a commonly used inhaled anesthetic with the advantages of fast onset, rapid recovery, and minimal impact on the cardiovascular system. There are various synthesis methods, among which the chlorination reaction method has received widespread attention due to its simple operation and high yield.
Experimental preparationt
1 Raw materials and reagents
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether:
As the main raw material for the reaction, its purity and stability need to be ensured.
Chlorine gas:
As a chlorinating agent in the chlorination reaction, it is necessary to strictly control its inlet amount and inlet speed to prevent excessive chlorination or safety accidents.
Anhydrous solvents (such as toluene, xylene, etc.):
Used to dissolve raw materials and improve reaction efficiency. However, in this reaction, due to the good volatility of the raw materials themselves, it may not be necessary to add additional solvents.
Catalyst (if needed):
In some cases, a small amount of catalyst may be added to accelerate the reaction rate or increase the yield. But in this reaction, it is generally believed that no catalyst is needed.
Instruments and equipment
Distillation kettle:
Used for preliminary fractionation of raw materials to obtain high-purity 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether.
Water bath pot:
Provides a stable heat source for the distillation kettle and controls the heating temperature.
Chlorination tank:
The main container for chlorination reaction, which needs to have good sealing and corrosion resistance.
Chlorine gas cylinder and pressure reducing valve:
Used for storing and regulating the supply of chlorine gas.
Temperature and pressure gauges:
Monitor temperature and pressure changes during the reaction process.
Condenser and receiving bottle:
Collect fractions produced by distillation or reaction.
Distillation tower:
Used for refining crude products by distillation to obtain high-purity isoflurane products.
Experimental steps
Preparation:
Clean and dry the distillation kettle to ensure no impurities remain. Install the condenser and receiving bottle, and connect all pipelines.
Add raw materials:
Add a mixture containing 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether into a distillation kettle. Pay attention to controlling the amount added to avoid exceeding the capacity limit of the kettle.
Heating fractionation:
Turn on the water bath, set the appropriate heating temperature (usually below the boiling point of the raw material), and start heating the distillation kettle. As the temperature increases, the low boiling components in the mixture will gradually evaporate and condense in the receiving bottle.
Collect fractions:
When the thermometer displays a stable temperature below 30 ℃, start collecting fractions. These fractions are high-purity 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether.
Turn off heating:
When the raw materials have basically evaporated or the temperature no longer drops, turn off the heating switch of the water bath and wait for the distillation kettle to cool to room temperature.
Chlorination reaction
The company conducted a competitive advantage analysis to identify its strengths and weaknesses compared to its rivals
Preparation:
Clean and dry the chlorination tank to ensure there is no residual moisture or impurities. Install all necessary pipelines and valves, connect chlorine gas cylinders and pressure reducing valves.
Add raw materials:
Press the fractionated 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether into the chlorination tank through a pressure pump or nitrogen purge. Pay attention to control the feeding speed and pressure to avoid foam or splashing.
Introduce chlorine gas:
Slowly open the pressure reducing valve of the chlorine gas cylinder and adjust the rate of chlorine gas introduction. Simultaneously observe the pressure and temperature changes inside the chlorination tank to ensure that the reaction proceeds within the controlled range. Calculate and control the amount of chlorine gas introduced based on the molar amount of raw materials to be 45% of the molar amount of raw materials.
Control reaction conditions:
Maintain the reaction temperature between 15-20 ℃, which is the optimal temperature range for chlorination reaction. If the temperature is too high, it may lead to the occurrence of side reactions or the decomposition of raw materials; If the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will slow down.
Reaction completion:
When the amount of chlorine gas introduced reaches the predetermined value and there is no significant change in the reaction solution (such as color, odor, etc.), it can be considered that the reaction has basically ended. At this time, the pressure reducing valve of the chlorine gas cylinder should be closed and the connecting pipeline should be disconnected.
Distillation and Purification of Products
Preparation:
Clean and dry the distillation apparatus for future use. Install the condenser and receiver bottle to collect the distillate.
Heating distillation:
Add the mixed solution after chlorination reaction to the distillation kettle and heat it to boiling. As the temperature increases and the liquid evaporates, components with different boiling points will gradually separate and condense in the receiving bottle.
Collect fractions:
In this step, pay special attention to collecting fractions below 40 ℃. These fractions mainly contain crude isoflurane due to its high volatility within this temperature range. Ensure that the receiving bottle has sufficient capacity to collect these fractions, and regularly check the thermometer readings during the collection process to ensure that they do not exceed the set temperature range.
Preliminary inspection:
After collecting the distillate, its appearance, odor, and purity can be preliminarily inspected. Isoflurane usually has a specific odor and color (such as colorless transparent liquid), but these preliminary checks can only be used as a reference and cannot be used as the final judgment basis for purity.
Distillation purification:
In order to obtain higher purity Isoflurane solution products, it is necessary to perform distillation purification on the crude product. Transfer the crude product to the distillation tower, set the appropriate heating temperature and reflux ratio, and perform multiple distillation operations.
Finished product inspection:
Conduct quality inspection on the refined isoflurane products after distillation. This includes using advanced analytical instruments such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine key indicators such as purity, impurity content, and residual solvents. Meanwhile, biological activity testing is also required to ensure its effectiveness and safety as an anesthetic.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is isoflurane used for?
+
-
Inhaled isoflurane is used to cause general anesthesia (loss of consciousness) before and during surgery. It belongs to the group of medicines known as general anesthetics. This medicine is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor.
What is the difference between isoflurane and propofol?
+
-
Propofol is an injectable short-acting anesthetic used to provide induction and/or anesthesia maintenance. Isoflurane is the inhaled anesthetic more widely used for providing general anesthesia; however, it requires an expensive equipment for its administration, and high doses may produce environmental pollution.
Is isoflurane safe for humans?
+
-
Although there is no specific data regarding the health risks of isoflurane in humans, halogenated anesthetics in general have been associated with reproductive problems. They cause skin and eye irritation and may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
How long does isoflurane anesthesia last?
+
-
Isoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic in neuroimaging studies of animals such as rodents and NHPs, serving to eliminate motion artifacts, physiological stress, and training requirements (Hutchison et al., 2014). The animals can be maintained under anesthesia for 3–7 h or even longer.
Can you smell isoflurane?
+
-
It has an odor that has been described as ether-like or sweet. Exposure to isoflurane waste anesthetic gases has been associated with several health concerns and can occur when vapors escape into the work environment during the administration of anesthesia.
We produce high-quality High Quality CAS 26675-46-7 High Purity 99% Isoflurane Sale to Europe at low prices, creating diverse new series to meet market and customer needs. We adhere to the new development concept and take the green cycle development concept as our guide. Our company has an elite R & D team, dedicated to the research and development of new products and new technologies, and provide first-class after-sales service.