Atrazine Powder CAS 1912-24-9

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Atrazine powder, with chemical name of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine and molecular formula of c8h14cln5, is a triazine herbicide. White powder, insoluble in water. The herbicidal properties of atrazine were studied by H. geisin and E Discovered by knusley, it was developed and produced by Jiaji company in Switzerland in 1958, and later developed into the largest herbicide in the world. China began production in the 1970s.

It has a wide range of herbicidal spectrum and can control many annual gramineous and broad-leaved weeds. It is suitable for corn, sorghum, sugarcane, fruit trees, nurseries, woodland and other dry land crops to control the weeds of crabapple, barnyardgrass, Setaria, sedge, kanmai, Polygonum, Chenopodium, Cruciferae and Leguminosae, especially for corn (because there is detoxification mechanism in corn), and also has a certain inhibitory effect on some perennial weeds.

On October 27, 2017, the list of carcinogens published by the international agency for research on cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily sorted out for reference, and atrazine was included in the list of Category 3 carcinogens.

Ca110:212860 reports the production method of atrazine technical drug as follows: in the presence of surfactant, cyanuric chloride (c3n3cl3) reacts with ethylamine, isopropylamine and sodium hydroxide in hydrolysate or aqueous solution containing alkali metal chloride. The specific operation is: the mixture of 30g cyanuric chloride and 250ml water reacts with 0.1mlslovanikt610 (ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer) at 5 ℃, and then reacts with 50ml of 20.0% isopropylamine, After 30min, it reacts with 55ml 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at the reaction temperature of 5-10 ℃, and after 50min, the mixture reacts with 21.5ml 39% ethylamine aqueous solution, and after more than 40min, it reacts with 50ml 10.1% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. After 50min, the product was filtered, washed and dried to obtain 33.1g of product. Atrazine 97.1%, simazine 1.6%, promazine 0.9%.

How to use atrazine:

1. Use of corn field: summer corn is used after sowing and before emergence. In North China, Shandong and other places where the soil organic matter quality is 1% - 2%, use 150-200 g of 50% wettable powder or 175-200 ml of 40% suspension agent per mu; In Northeast China where the content of soil organic matter is more than 3% - 6%, 200-250g of 50% wettable powder or 200-250g of 40% suspending agent shall be used per mu, the lower limit for sandy soil and the upper limit for clayey soil. 1-3 days after sowing, 30 kg of water shall be uniformly sprayed on the soil surface. After emergence of corn, the suitable period of application was 4-leaf stage of corn and 2-3-leaf stage of weeds; For sandy soil with low organic matter content, 200-250g of 50% wettable powder or 40% suspension agent shall be used per mu. 30-50kg spray on water. 200-250 ml of 40% suspension agent shall be used for each mu of spring corn, and 30-50 kg of water shall be added. After sowing, the soil surface shall be spray before planting, and the soil shall be mixed after spring drought medicine, or an appropriate amount of irrigation. Or treated as stem and leaf at 4 leaf stage of maize. In the continuous cropping area of corn and winter wheat, in order to reduce or eliminate the harm of atrazine to wheat, atrazine can be reduced and mixed with herbicides of caojinjin, Lasso, dur, 2,4-D butyl ester, bandinong and lumailong.

2. 5-7 days after planting sugarcane in sugarcane field, weeds will be excavated. 200-250g of 50% wettable powder or 40% suspending agent will be used per mu, and 30kg of water will be added to evenly spray the surface.

3. During the peak period of weed germination in the fields from April to may in tea gardens, orchards and vineyards, the excavated weeds and overwintering weeds shall be removed first, and then 250-300g of 40% suspension agent shall be used for each mu, and 40kg of water shall be sprayed evenly on the soil surface.

Atrazine is a soil treatment herbicide before bud, and can also be treated with stems and leaves after bud. In use, drought has a great impact on the efficacy, mainly on dicotyledons, focusing on closure, and the effect on large grass is not ideal.

4. It is a selective herbicide, and its scope of application is the same as that of atrazine wettable powder.

It is mainly absorbed by the plant roots and conducted upward to inhibit the photosynthesis of weeds (such as Xanthium, foxtail, ragweed and wild cucumber) and make them die. There are two photosynthetic systems in chloroplast membrane, which are called photosystem Ⅰ (PS Ⅰ) and photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ). In PS Ⅱ, there are central pigment P680, demethylophyll and plastid quinone. When light energy is transmitted to P680, electrons move from P680, pass through PS Ⅱ pigment molecules, and reach plastoquinone. This process is repeated until the plastoquinone accepts two electrons in the reduction reaction and is reduced to plastoquinone (diphenol). Plastoquinone acts as an "electron transporter" between PS Ⅱ and PS Ⅰ. When two electrons attach to this transmitter, the newly formed plastid hydroquinone separates from PS Ⅱ and goes to PS Ⅰ When plastoquinone is far away from PS Ⅱ, a new plastoquinone is bound at the same position, and this process is repeated. However, if a molecule with similar shape exists, such as atrazine, it may bind to the position of plastoquinone. When atrazine binds, the plastoquinone molecule is prevented from re binding and transferring more electrons. These electrons will react with the oil in the cell membrane, destroy the cell membrane, and eventually lead to cell death.

Atrazine is a broad-spectrum, systemic herbicide

► Water solubility and soil mobility

Water solubility: Atrazine has a relatively large water solubility of 0.007g/100mL, which means that it dissolves and moves more easily in water.

Soil mobility: atrazine has greater mobility in the soil compared to simazine, being able to move below the topsoil to reach the site of deep-rooted weed root uptake. Therefore, it is remarkably effective in preventing and eradicating deep-rooted weeds. For example, in corn fields, atrazine can effectively prevent and eliminate deep-rooted weeds such as matang, barnyard grass and dogweed.
► Ease of rainfall and deep-rooted weed suppression
Easily washed away by rain: Due to its water solubility and soil mobility, atrazine is easily washed away by rain to the deeper layers of the soil.
Deep-rooted weed suppression: This property makes atrazine effective in suppressing certain deep-rooted weeds. For example, in grassland or woodland, some deep-rooted weeds such as sedge and look-alike are difficult to control by conventional herbicides due to their deep root systems. Atrazine can penetrate deep into the soil and inhibit the root system of these weeds, thus achieving the effect of weed control.
► Microbial decomposition and residual period
Microbial decomposition: Atrazine can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. Some specific microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, have the ability to degrade atrazine. These microorganisms are able to utilize atrazine as a carbon or nitrogen source for growth and reproduction, thus breaking it down into harmless substances.

Residual period: The residual period of atrazine can be up to about half a year, depending on the dosage, soil texture and other factors. This means that atrazine is still able to maintain a certain degree of weed control in the soil for some time after application. For example, when atrazine is applied to corn, its residual period is long enough to cover the entire corn growth cycle, effectively preventing weeds from competing with the crop for nutrients and water.
► Scope of application and weed control
Scope of application: Atrazine is suitable for corn, sorghum, woodland, grassland, sugarcane and other crops and sites.

Weed control: It can effectively control annual and biennial broadleaf weeds and monocotyledonous weeds. For example, in corn fields, Atrazine can prevent broadleaf weeds such as polygonum, quinoa, cruciferous weeds, leguminous weeds, etc. At the same time, it can also prevent monocotyledonous weeds such as matang, barnyard grass, dogweed, etc. In sugarcane fields, atrazine can also play an excellent role in weed control, preventing a variety of weeds and ensuring the healthy growth of sugarcane.

In summary, atrazine has been widely used in agricultural production due to its unique water solubility and soil mobility, easy to be washed by rainwater to a deeper layer, inhibitory effect on deep-rooted weeds, microbial decomposition in soil, and long residual period.

Growing environmental and health concerns have spurred research into safer herbicides and integrated weed management (IWM) strategies:

► Chemical Alternatives

Mesotrione: A triketone herbicide that inhibits 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), offering broad-spectrum weed control with lower toxicity.

Glyphosate: A non-selective herbicide used in genetically modified (GM) crops, though resistance issues and environmental persistence are concerns.

Organic Herbicides: Acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid, and clove oil provide natural weed suppression but require frequent reapplication.

► Non-Chemical Approaches

Crop Rotation: Disrupts weed life cycles by alternating crops with different planting dates and growth habits.

Cover Crops: Legumes (e.g., clover, vetch) suppress weeds while improving soil fertility.

Mechanical Weeding: Tillage, mowing, and flame weeding reduce reliance on herbicides but may increase labor costs.

► Biotechnology

Herbicide-Tolerant Crops: GM corn and soybeans engineered to resist alternative herbicides (e.g., 2,4-D, dicamba) are being developed to replace atrazine-dependent systems.

The future of atrazine powder hinges on balancing agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability. Key trends include:

Regulatory Tightening: Stricter global bans or usage restrictions are likely, particularly in water-sensitive regions.

Precision Agriculture: Drones and GPS-guided sprayers will minimize atrazine use by targeting weeds more accurately.

Biodegradable Formulations: Encapsulating atrazine in biopolymers could reduce runoff and enhance soil degradation.

Public Awareness: Educating farmers and consumers about atrazine's risks may accelerate adoption of safer alternatives.

Atrazine powder has been a cornerstone of modern weed control for over six decades, offering cost-effective and reliable results in corn, sorghum, and sugarcane cultivation. However, its persistence in water, toxicity to non-target species, and potential health risks have prompted widespread regulatory scrutiny and a shift toward sustainable alternatives. As agriculture evolves, the industry must prioritize innovations that maintain crop yields while safeguarding human health and the environment.

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