Quinine hydrochloride is a kind of chemical substance. Another name is quinine HCl. It is a colourless or white needle crystal with mercerization. It has no odour and an extremely bitter taste. It changes colour gradually under the sun. It is weathered. It is soluble in water, and very soluble in boiling water, ethanol or chloroform. The litmus test of the solution is neutral or alkaline, and the optical rotation is high[ α] D25-247 ° ~ - 258 ° (200mg dissolved in 10ml of 0.1mol/l hydrochloric acid). LG is soluble in 16ml of water, or LML of ethanol, about 7ml of glycerol, or about LML of chloroform, which is very difficult to dissolve in ether. Odourless, with a strong bitter taste. GB 2760-2002 stipulates that quinine hcl powder is allowed to be used as food flavour. It is mainly used to prepare essence and bitter agent for bitter drinks.
|
Chemical Formula |
C20H25ClN2O2 |
|
Exact Mass |
360 |
|
Molecular Weight |
360 |
|
m/z |
360 (100.0%), 362 (32.0%), 361 (21.6%), 363 (6.9%), 362 (2.2%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 66.56; H, 6.98; Cl, 9.82; N, 7.76; O, 8.87 |
Quinine hydrochloride has the characteristics of antipyretic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and so on. The synthetic method of quinine hcl: after converting quinine sulfate into quinine, quinine was dispersed in the dispersant, then hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride gas was added, and then it was obtained by crystallization. The present invention only uses common acids and bases, common solvents with low toxicity and low price, and does not use chemical reagents with high toxicity. The yield is high, which can reach or close to the theoretical yield. It can reach 110 – 115 % by quinine calculation, and this method is environmentally friendly. The whole preparation process of the invention is simple, convenient and low cost, which is conducive to scale-up production.
It is an important compound commonly used in pharmaceutical preparations.
1. Natural extraction method:
The earliest method for synthesizing Quinine hydrochloride was obtained by natural extraction from plants in the genus Acacia. The plants of the genus Albizia contain high concentrations of quinine, which can be extracted, purified, and treated with hydrochloric acid to obtain product. Although this method obtains drugs from natural resources, it has problems such as low extraction efficiency and complex processes.
2. Synthesis method:
At present, the main production method of it is through chemical synthesis. The following are several commonly used synthesis methods:
This is a common synthesis method, with the following steps:
-The quinoline is reacted with a Ammoxidation agent (such as hydrogen peroxide) to obtain quinoline N-oxide.
-After a reduction reaction, the N-oxide is reduced to the corresponding secondary amine.
-React the secondary amine with hydrochloric acid to produce.
This is another commonly used synthesis method, with the following steps:
-The o-nitrophenol reacts with acetic acid to form Nitrate ester.
-After the reduction reaction, the Nitrate ester ester is reduced to the corresponding amine.
-React amine with hydrochloric acid to produce.
This is an economical and efficient synthesis method, with the following steps:
-Using Sodium sulfite and sugar as raw materials, xanthic acid was obtained by Marga liquefaction under alkaline conditions.
-Under the catalysis of sulfuric acid, xanthic acid and Aminoaldehydes and aminoketones undergo Condensation reaction to obtain quinoline compound.
-After subsequent steps such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrochloric acid treatment, it can be obtained.
This is a method of obtaining product by converting synthesized compounds into intermediates, and the specific steps vary depending on the intermediate. Common intermediates include quinoline, butyraldehyde, and acetamide compounds.
These synthesis methods are widely used in industrial production, and suitable methods can be selected according to needs. In addition to the above synthesis methods, there are also other methods, such as enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, etc., but these methods are currently less applied in industrial production.
Melting point 158-160 C , Density 1.1206 ( rough estimate ) , FEMA 2976, Refractive index 1.5400 ( estimate ) , Storage conditions under inert gas ( nitrogen or Argon ) at 2 – 8 °C , Water solubility 549.7 mg / L ( 25 oC ) , Dangerous goods sign Xi Hazard category code 36 / 37 / 38, Safety instructions 26-36-24 / 25, Dangerous Goods Transportation No. 1544, HazardClass 6.1 ( b ), Packing Group III
Molecular structure and composition：
The chemical formula of product is C20H24N2O2 · HCl, and its molecular weight is 396.88 g/mol. It is a Organic base salt, consisting of a quinoline structure and a hydrochloric acid radical ion.
Solubility:
Quinine hydrochloride has good solubility in water and can quickly dissolve at room temperature. It can also be dissolved in some organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ethers. Its solubility usually increases with increasing temperature.
pH value and acid-base properties:
It is an acidic compound formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid ions and quinoline molecules. In an aqueous solution, it reacts with water molecules, releasing H+ions, making the solution acidic. Its pH value is usually within the acidic range, approximately 2-4.
Optical properties:
It has optical rotation properties, which cause rotation of incident polarized light. Its optical rotation depends on the concentration of the solution, temperature, and wavelength of the observed light.
Infrared spectrum:
The infrared spectrum of it shows its molecular structure and functional groups. Common infrared absorption peaks include C=O stretching vibration (1700-1650 cm ^ -1), C-O stretching vibration (1300-1000 cm ^ -1), C-C stretching vibration (1600-1400 cm ^ -1), and so on.
Chemical reaction:
It can participate in various chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, oxidation reactions, and reduction reactions. In addition, due to its quinoline structure, it also has certain electrophilic substitution activity and can react with nucleophilic reagents such as amines, alcohols, and carboxylic acids under appropriate conditions.
Fluorescence characteristics:
It is a fluorescent compound with strong fluorescence properties. Under UV excitation, it emits blue to purple fluorescence. This fluorescence characteristic makes it important for applications in fields such as drug analysis and biological imaging.
What are the side effects of this compound?
1.Golden Chicken Reaction
When its daily dosage exceeds 1g or is used continuously for a long time, it often leads to the reaction of cinchona. This reaction is roughly similar to the salicylic acid reaction, specifically manifested as:
- Tinnitus, headache, nausea, vomiting
- Vision and hearing loss, severe cases may result in temporary deafness, but usually recover after discontinuation of medication
2.Damage to the nervous system
It may cause damage to the nervous system, specifically manifested as:
- Visual impairments such as reduced field of view, diplopia, and amblyopia
- Severe cases may experience neurological symptoms such as convulsions and coma
Especially when the dosage exceeds 4g within 24 hours, it can directly damage nerve tissue and constrict retinal blood vessels, leading to the aforementioned visual impairment.
3.Cardiovascular system response
It also has a certain impact on the cardiovascular system, and the following symptoms may occur:
Inhibition of myocardium, dilation of peripheral blood vessels, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure.
Slow and shallow breathing, fever, irritability, delirium, etc.
Abnormal electrocardiogram, such as QRS widening, QT prolongation, T wave changes, conduction disorders, or ventricular tachycardia.
Severe cases may lead to circulatory collapse and even death.
4.Hematological system reaction
Long term or excessive use of it may lead to thrombocytopenia and cause hemorrhagic diseases. In addition, a small amount of this substance can cause acute hemolysis (black urine fever) and death in a few patients with malignant malaria.
5.Digestive system response
Quinine hydrochloride may also cause discomfort in the digestive system, specifically manifested as:
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, bloating, diarrhea, etc
6.Other reactions
In addition to the above reactions, it may also cause the following symptoms:
- Allergic reactions such as rash, itching, asthma, etc
- When the substance is poisoned, renal failure may occur, possibly due to circulatory failure
- Pregnant women using it may cause miscarriage and may affect fetal hearing and central nervous system through the placenta
- It may also cause photosensitive reactions, leading to skin allergies to sunlight
7. Drug interactions
It may interact with certain drugs when used in combination, such as:
- After combined use with cardiac glycosides, the concentration of cardiac glycosides in the plasma of some patients significantly increases, making them prone to toxic reactions
- Combining with hypoglycemic drugs can lead to severe hypoglycemia
- Combined with muscle relaxants, it can cause respiratory depression
Precautions
1.Follow the doctor's advice to take medication
Strictly control the dosage of quinine and use it according to the recommended dosage prescribed by the doctor or drug instructions. Do not increase or decrease the dosage or change the medication method on your own.
It is generally better to take it orally and not to administer it intravenously or rapidly drip it.
2.Monitor physical reactions
Pay close attention to physical reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, arrhythmia, muscle soreness and other side effects, and seek medical advice promptly.
It may cause symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it can lead to fainting and sudden death. Special attention should be paid to monitoring the heart.
3.Special populations should use with caution
Pregnant and lactating women should use it with caution to avoid affecting the health of the fetus or infant.
Individuals with myasthenia gravis or a history of allergies to quinine are contraindicated.
People with a history of black urine fever should use it with caution. If there are signs of hemolysis, stop taking the medication immediately.
It is not suitable for patients with specific heterogeneous manifestations, such as skin reactions, angioedema, and audio-visual symptoms, including tinnitus and optic neuritis.
4.Pay attention to drug interactions
- It should be used with caution when combined with anticoagulants, as it can inhibit the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver and enhance the effectiveness of anticoagulants.
- During use, avoid sharing with other medications that may cause nausea and vomiting.
5.Diet and lifestyle regulation
- During medication, sufficient water intake should be maintained to reduce its toxic effects.
- Pay attention to dietary hygiene and avoid consuming too much greasy and irritating food to avoid increasing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
- Maintain good sleep habits and avoid unfavorable factors such as staying up late and overexertion.
6.Other precautions
- Throughout the entire treatment process, blood sugar should be monitored at all times, as both malaria itself and quinine can increase insulin secretion and cause hypoglycemia.
- If you need to use it together with other drugs, you should consult a doctor or pharmacist to understand the interactions between drugs and the potential risks.
faq
What is quinine Hydrochloride used for?
Quinine is used alone or with other medications to treat malaria (a serious or life-threatening illness that is spread by mosquitos in certain parts of the world). Quinine should not be used to prevent malaria. Quinine is in a class of medications called antimalarials.
Is quinine Hydrochloride natural?
Quinine Hydrochloride is a flavoring agent for bitter-tasting beverages, sourced from nature.
Is quinine safe for kidneys?
Conclusions. Quinine-induced TMA causes severe acute kidney injury that commonly results in chronic kidney disease.
Is quinine a pain killer?
Hot Tags: quinine hydrochloride/hcl cas 60-93-5, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, for sale, Iodomethane d3, isoflurane powder, tetracaine hcl, sapropterin dihydrochloride powder, IPTG reagent, Sapropterin Hydrochloride