Acephate Powder CAS 30560-19-1

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Acephate powder, also known as gaofenphos, is a low toxic oral insecticide with the chemical formula of c4h10no3ps. White crystals. It is easily soluble in polar solvents such as water, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone and halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane. It has little solubility in the mixed solution of benzene, methylbenzene ring and dimethylbenzene ring. It is easy to decompose in alkaline medium.

It has stomach toxicity and contact killing effects, and can kill eggs. It has a certain fumigation effect. It is a slow acting insecticide. It is suitable for vegetables, tea plants, tobacco, fruit trees, cotton, rice, wheat, rapeseed and other crops. It can prevent and control a variety of chewing and stinging mouth pests, mites and health pests. Improper storage and use may cause human and animal poisoning.

According to Announcement No. 2552 of the Ministry of agriculture of the people's Republic of China, the use of acephate (including single and compound preparations containing its active ingredients) on vegetables, fruits, tea, fungi and Chinese herbal medicine crops is prohibited from August 1, 2019. Regarding the issue of phase price, please send an email to Shaanxi Achieve chem-tech Co.,Ltd.

Method 1:

Raw materials for the production of Acephate powder include methyl chloride, ammonia, dichloroethane, acetic anhydride and dimethyl sulfate. Obtained by reaction steps such as amination, acylation and isomerization.

1. Amination

Add methyl chloride and corresponding proportion of dichloroethane from the high-level metering tank into the amination kettle, stir and freeze, drop ammonia water into the kettle, adjust the frozen brine, then add 6L water and stir. The material is pumped to the amination separator for static stratification, and the organic phase is the aminate with solvent (O, o-dimethylthiophosphoramide).

2. Acylation

(1) Acetic anhydride method: put the amine with solvent into the acylation kettle, start the stirring, add acetic anhydride into the acylation kettle, then start the frozen brine, drop the concentrated sulfuric acid into the reaction kettle, air pressure, discharge the frozen brine, heat it, after the reaction is completed, drop the temperature, add chlorine water, neutralize the generated acetic acid, pump the material to the separator for static separation, separate the lower organic phase to the crude acylate storage tank, Then it is pumped into the distillation kettle for vacuum distillation and desolvation to obtain the acylate (O, o-dimethyl-n-acetylthiophosphoramide).

(2) Acetyl chloride method: put the amine with solvent into the acylation kettle, start the stirring, and add acetyl chloride. Heat up first, complete the reaction, cool down, drop ammonia, neutralize acid, and add water after neutralization. Dissolve ammonium salt, stir, and stand for separation. Separate the lower organic phase and pump it to the distillation kettle for desolvation under reduced pressure to obtain acylate. Good results can be obtained by using acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride as acylating agent.

3. Isomerization

Put the quantitative acylate into the isomerization kettle, start the stirring, then add dimethyl sulfate into the isomerization kettle in proportion, slowly raise the temperature, and discharge the material to obtain acephate crude oil.

Method 2:

(1) Isomerization before acylation: firstly, O, o-dimethylthiophosphinamide is heated to isomerize in the presence of a small amount of dimethyl sulfate to generate o, s-dimethylthiophosphinamide, and then reacts with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride to generate acephate.

(2) Acylation before isomerization: firstly, O, o-dimethylthiophosphinamide is reacted with acylating agent in dichloroethane or benzene solvent. Commonly used acylating agents include glacial acetic acid + zinc trichloride, acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, vinyl ketone, etc. The acylation reaction produces o, o-dimethyl-n-acetylthiophosphonamide, which is then heated to isomerize into acephate in the presence of a small amount of dimethyl sulfate.

High purity technical drug can be prepared by using new catalyst and special crystallization solvent. The process is as follows:

Add methamidophos crude oil into the reaction bottle, start stirring and heat it to the reaction temperature. Under the action of the catalyst, add the acylating agent acetic anhydride dropwise, control the reaction temperature, and carry out the heat preservation reaction for several hours after the dropwise addition to obtain the crude methamidophos crude oil; After neutralization and extraction, the organic phase and aqueous phase are separated, and the organic phase is purified to obtain acephate refined crude oil; Add solvent A and crystal auxiliary, slowly stir, cool and crystallize, filter and rinse to obtain the finished product. The qualified finished products can be recovered after the mother liquor treatment, and the total product yield is ≥ 78% and the content is ≥ 98.0%.

Acephate powder, Acephate powder is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in agriculture and public health. Its chemical name is O, S-dimethylacetylthiophosphoramide ester, which has internal absorption, stomach toxicity, contact killing, and certain fumigation effects, and is an effective tool for controlling various pests.

Prevention and control of major crop pests

 

Vegetable pests: Acephate plays an important role in vegetable cultivation, especially for controlling common pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths. For example, when controlling cabbage caterpillars, the pesticide can be applied at the 2-3 instar stage of the larvae. 30% emulsifiable concentrate 80-120ml per mu and 40-50kg water spray can effectively control the number of pests and protect the growth of vegetables. For aphids, 50-70ml of 30% emulsifiable concentrate per mu and 50-75kg of water can also be evenly spray to achieve good control effect.
Fruit tree pests: In fruit tree cultivation, Acephate is commonly used to control peach fruit moth, pear fruit moth, citrus scale insect, etc. These pests pose a serious threat to the growth and fruit quality of fruit trees. For example, when controlling peach fruit borer and pear fruit borer, the pesticide can be applied at the peak of adult oviposition, and 300 to 750 times of water can be evenly sprayed with 30% emulsifiable concentrate, which can effectively reduce the harm of pests to fruits. For citrus scale insects, the control effect is the best at the first instar nymph stage, and the pest density can be significantly reduced by evenly spray with 300 to 600 times of 30% emulsifiable concentrate.

Prevention and control of major crop pests&Types and effects of pest control

 

Grain crop pests: Acephate is also suitable for controlling pests on grain crops such as rice, cotton, corn, and wheat. Such as rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, cotton aphids, cotton bollworms, etc. When controlling rice leaf roller, 30% emulsifiable concentrate 125-225ml/mu and 60-75kg water spray can effectively control the reproduction and damage of pests. For cotton aphids, use 100-150ml 30% emulsifiable concentrate per mu and 50-75kg water spray, which can quickly reduce the number of pests and protect cotton growth.

Acephate has significant control effects on various chewing and piercing sucking mouthparts pests. Its main mechanism of action is to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase in pests, leading to nerve conduction obstruction and ultimately causing pest death. Due to the systemic effect of Acephate powder, it can be absorbed by plants and transmitted within the body. Therefore, pests can be poisoned and die by feeding on plant tissues or sucking on plant sap. In addition, Acephate also has a certain fumigation effect and can kill pests in a closed environment.

Public Health Applications

 

Acephate powder has been widely used for household pest control, such as cockroaches, ants, mosquitoes, etc. It has various forms of use, including soluble powders, emulsions, granules, etc. Family users can choose appropriate dosage forms and application methods based on the type and severity of pest damage. For example, for cockroaches, Acephate can be mixed with bait and placed in a place where cockroaches often appear to attract them to feed and cause poisoning and death. For ants, Acephate granules can be sprayed around the ant nest to form a drug strip that prevents ants from entering and leaving the nest. Acephate also plays an important role in public health places such as schools, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, etc. These places are densely populated and have high hygiene requirements, so it is necessary to effectively control the number of pests and prevent the spread of diseases by pests. Acephate can be applied to the habitat and activity area of pests by spray, spraying, etc. to kill pests and prevent their reproduction. For example, in the kitchen of a restaurant, pesticides can be regularly applied to places where pests are prone to hide, such as corners, floor joints, and drainage ditches, to maintain kitchen hygiene.

Real Case of Acephate Powder Misuse Leading to Poisoning

1. Case Background:

In a small farming village in China, farmers primarily relied on various pesticides to protect their crops from pests. Among these pesticides, Acephate powder was a popular choice due to its broad-spectrum effectiveness against chewing and stinging mouth pests, mites, and other agricultural pests. However, improper storage and handling of it can lead to serious consequences.

2. Incident Description:

Mr. Zhang, a farmer in the village, had been using it for several years to protect his vegetable crops. He stored the pesticide in a makeshift shed near his home, which was not securely locked or properly ventilated. One day, while preparing to spray his crops, Mr. Zhang accidentally left the pesticide container open on a table in his kitchen.

Unbeknownst to him, his young grandson, aged 3, wandered into the kitchen and found the open container. The child, curious and unaware of the danger, ingested some of it. By the time Mr. Zhang discovered what had happened, the child was already showing signs of poisoning, including vomiting, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing.

3. Emergency Response:

Mr. Zhang immediately rushed his grandson to the nearest hospital. Upon arrival, the child was rapidly assessed and diagnosed with Acephate poisoning. The hospital staff administered activated charcoal to absorb any remaining pesticide in the child's stomach, and provided supportive care to manage the symptoms.

The child was closely monitored for several days in the intensive care unit. Fortunately, due to prompt medical intervention and the child's relatively young age and good physical condition, he was able to recover fully without any lasting damage.

4. Investigation and Lessons Learned:

Following the incident, local agricultural authorities conducted an investigation to understand the causes and prevent similar accidents in the future. They found that Mr. Zhang had stored the Acephate powder in an insecure and inappropriate location, which was easily accessible to children.

The investigation also revealed that many farmers in the village lacked proper training on the safe storage and handling of pesticides. As a result, the authorities organized a series of training sessions to educate farmers on the importance of safe pesticide storage, handling, and disposal.

5. Recommendations:

By following these recommendations, farmers can reduce the risk of pesticide poisoning and ensure the safety of themselves, their families, and their communities.

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