Chondroitin Sulfate Powder CAS 9007-28-7

Chondroitin sulfate powder , molecular formula C13H21NO15S, CAS 9007-28-7. White powder, soluble in water and some organic solvents (such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol). Due to the linear polysaccharide structure, it exhibits varying degrees of solubility in water and is affected by factors such as temperature, ionic strength, and pH. It is a natural polymer with strong anionic properties, which is composed of sulfated glucose guanylate and galactoguanylate disaccharide units alternately linked. The orientation of its monosaccharide unit and the position and number of sulfate groups determine the physiological function and application of Chondroitin sulfate. The degree of sulfation and spatial arrangement of Chondroitin sulfate affect its ability to bind to other molecules, such as albumin, lysozyme, thrombin and other macromolecules, which is the key to its physiological activity. It is a natural sulfated polysaccharide widely present in human cartilage, bone, eyes, blood vessels and other tissues.

Chondroitin sulfate is a polysaccharide molecule that exists in animals. Its molecular structure is very complex and consists of several different units. Specifically, the Chondroitin sulfate molecule is mainly composed of units such as Meyer's amino sugar (GlcA), galactose (Gal), N-glucosamine sulfate (GlcNS) and N-acetylglucosamine (GalNAc).

In the molecular structure of Chondroitin sulfate, GlcA and Gal are arranged alternately to form the glycan backbone, and GlcNS and GalNAc are connected to the glycan backbone in an irregular manner. In addition, Chondroitin sulfate also contains different numbers and positions of sulfated groups, which play an important role in the biological activity of the molecule. Specifically, the sulfated group can increase the hydrophilicity of the Chondroitin sulfate molecule, reduce the filterability of the molecule and affect its interaction with other molecules.

In summary, the molecular structure of Chondroitin sulfate is very complex, consisting of multiple units and sulfated groups. The complexity of its molecular structure determines that it plays a very important role in various physiological and pathological processes in biology.

Chondroitin sulfate powder is a natural polysaccharide found in human cartilage, bones, eyes, blood vessels, skin and hair. This natural ingredient has a series of physiological functions and pharmacological activities, and has a wide range of applications.

1. Medical field

1.1. Cartilage protection and repair:

Chondroitin sulfate works through multiple pathways, such as inhibiting the inflammatory response of cartilage, promoting the formation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity, promoting the synthesis of chondrocytes and matrix, and inhibiting cartilage resorption. In recent years, the combination of Chondroitin sulfate and other active ingredients has become one of the more common treatment options, aiming at improving joint pain, improving joint mobility, delaying the progression of OA (osteoarthritis), etc.

1.2. Anti-inflammatory treatment:

With its unique sulfated structure, Chondroitin sulfate can regulate a variety of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules. By inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and balancing the function of the immune system, Chondroitin sulfate is expected to become a potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (such as hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, etc.).

1.3. Atherosclerosis:

Atherosclerosis is one of the major cardiovascular diseases in the world, and Chondroitin sulfate can have a positive impact on atherosclerosis by regulating serum fat metabolism, platelet aggregation and elastin degradation.

1.4. Neuroprotection:

Chondroitin sulfate can delay the degenerative changes and death of neurons, and promote the regeneration and recovery of neurons. Clinical studies have shown that Chondroitin sulfate has potential advantages in the treatment of neurological diseases (such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, etc.).

1.5. Other medical applications:

Chondroitin sulfate can also be used in other medical fields. For example, treatment of skin inflammatory diseases, prevention of thrombosis, relief of side effects of chemotherapy, etc.

2. Health products field

2.1. Joint health care:

As an important cartilage component, Chondroitin sulfate can contribute to joint health by promoting the synthesis of chondrocytes and matrix and inhibiting cartilage resorption. Therefore, Chondroitin sulfate can be used in joint health care products.

2.2. Vascular protection

Chondroitin sulfate has certain antioxidant capacity, which can help protect the cardiovascular system and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, Chondroitin sulfate can also have positive effects on diseases such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension by regulating serum fat metabolism, platelet aggregation and elastin degradation.

2.3. Other healthcare applications:

In addition to the above application scenarios, Chondroitin sulfate can also be used in other health care fields. For example, preventing eye diseases, improving skin texture, boosting immunity, etc.

3. Cosmetics field - beauty and anti-aging:

Chondroitin sulfate powder, as a polysaccharide, has good moisturizing and protective effects. Multiple studies have shown that Chondroitin sulfate can repair skin tissue, improve skin elasticity and moisture levels, prevent wrinkles and sagging, and reduce sun-induced damage. Therefore, the application of Chondroitin sulfate in cosmetics can exert its good anti-aging, beauty and skin beautification effects.

4. Food industry:

4.1. Food additives:

Chondroitin sulfate can be added to food products such as meat products and dairy products to improve food quality, increase nutritional content and improve texture.

4.2. Aquaculture:

The application of Chondroitin sulfate in fish farming can help promote fish growth and healthy bone development. At the same time, Chondroitin sulfate can also improve the feed conversion rate of animals.

5. Other application fields:

5.1. Chemical reagents:

Chondroitin sulfate can also be used as a chemical reagent in biochemical experiments and research work.

5.2. Industrial lubricants:

Chondroitin sulfate can also be used as a lubricant in industrial production.

To sum up, Chondroitin sulfate has a wide range of applicable scenarios, including the fields of medicine, health care products, cosmetics, food industry and other fields. As the research on Chondroitin sulfate continues to deepen, it is believed that more new application scenarios will be explored and developed.

Chondroitin sulfate powder is a complex polysaccharide with a wide range of physiological functions and pharmacological activities. Due to its difficult biosynthesis and scarce sources, methods for synthesizing Chondroitin sulfate are of critical importance.

1. Natural source extraction method:

At present, Chondroitin sulfate is mainly derived from animal tissues, such as shark cartilage and bovine nasal cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate can be extracted from animal tissues through hydrolysis and ion exchange. Although this method is simple and feasible, there are problems such as impure components and limited resources. At the same time, animal-derived ingredients may cause allergies or other safety issues, so they need to go through deep purification and improvement.

2. Chemical synthesis method:

Chemical synthesis is a method of synthesizing Chondroitin sulfate independent of natural sources. The advantage is that it can be customized to synthesize trisulfide bonds and polysaccharide chains of different lengths, and the production volume is controllable. However, the limitation of chemical synthesis is that its process is complex and the cost of chemicals is high. Common chemical synthesis methods include overall synthesis, semi-total synthesis, and enzymatic synthesis.

3. Enzymatic synthesis:

Enzymatic synthesis is a biological method to synthesize Chondroitin sulfate through the intervention of enzymes. It is popular because it can be performed under mild conditions and is very precise. This method is mainly based on two enzymes: lactosyltransferase and Chondroitin sulfurylase. The former uses lactose as a raw material and converts it into Chondroitin polysaccharide chains; the latter is responsible for adding sulfate groups to the polysaccharide chains. However, the current method still faces problems such as high cost and purity of the enzyme.

4. Organic synthesis based on total synthesis:

Organic synthesis based on total synthesis is a new method developed in the field of organic synthesis. The main idea is to construct the polysaccharide chain structure of Chondroitin sulfate using organic synthesis techniques and skills, and then carry out sulfation reaction and other steps. The advantage of this method is that the length and sulfation degree of the synthesized polysaccharide chain can be controlled, and it also has the characteristics of large production volume and low cost. However, this method faces difficulties in the construction of polysaccharide chains, and there are also problems such as preparation purity.

In short, there are many ways to synthesize Chondroitin sulfate, each with advantages and disadvantages. For specific application scenarios, it is necessary to weigh the advantages and disadvantages according to the situation and choose the most suitable synthesis method.

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