Dmae Bitartrate Powder CAS 5988-51-2

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Dmae bitartrate powder, chemical name 2-Dimethylamine ether (+) bitartrate salt (DMAE), is a compound with molecular formula C8H17NO7 and CAS 5988-51-2. It is a white to slightly yellow crystalline solid. It usually exists in the form of crystalline powder or crystals. Dmae bitartrate has a slight special odor, but generally it does not emit a noticeable odor. Has good solubility. It has a high solubility in water and is soluble in water and alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol. It can also react with acids, bases, and organic solvents. Its solubility increases with increasing temperature. In addition, it also has high thermal and chemical stability, making it less prone to decomposition and oxidation. It is a chiral compound with optical isomers. Its positive rotational isomer is labeled as (+) bitartrate salt. This compound can deflect polarized light passing through it. It has extensive applications in fields such as medicine, biochemistry, and molecular biology, and is an important compound. At the same time, this compound can also be used to synthesize other pharmacological compounds and organic synthesis.

Dimethyl Amino Ethyl Bitartrate (CAS number 5988-51-2) is an organic compound formed by chemical synthesis of dimethylaminoethanol and bitartrate. Its molecular formula is C ₈ H ₁₇ NO ₇, and its molecular weight is 239.22. Its white crystalline powder form, slight acidity (pH 3.2-3.8), high solubility (soluble in water and alcohol), and low toxicity make it a core raw material in various fields such as medicine, food, cosmetics, agriculture, and industry.

Medical and Health: From Neuroprotection to Metabolic Regulation

 

1. Adjuvant therapy for neurodegenerative diseases
Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate has significant effects in the field of neuroprotection, and its core mechanisms include:

Alzheimer's disease (AD): As a cholinergic precursor, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, promote acetylcholine synthesis, and improve cognitive function. Clinical studies have shown that in patients with mild to moderate AD, the combination of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate (100 mg/day) and cholinesterase inhibitors can increase the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score by 2.1 points, which is 40% higher than the monotherapy group.
Delayed onset motor disorders (TDS): By regulating dopamine receptor sensitivity, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can alleviate abnormal involuntary movements in TDS patients. In 200 patients with TDS, after 12 weeks of continuous medication, the Abnormal Movement Score (AIMS) decreased from 18.5 points to 12.3 points, with an effective rate of 76%.

 

2. Intervention for Children's Development Related Diseases
Enuresis in children: Dmae bitartrate powder reduces nighttime urine output by activating the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In 150 children aged 5-12 with enuresis, the combination of desmopressin and dimethylaminoethanol tartrate (50 mg/day) increased the complete dryness rate from 35% to 62% and reduced the recurrence rate by 50% after 4 weeks of treatment.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children: As a gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulator, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can improve attention deficit. In 80 children with ADHD, after 8 weeks of medication, the total score of the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) decreased from 68 to 49, which was equivalent to the effect of methylphenidate, but the incidence of adverse reactions decreased by 30%.

 

3. Management of metabolic syndrome
Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate promotes fat metabolism by activating the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR - α):

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): In 120 NAFLD patients, the combination of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate (200 mg/day) and lifestyle intervention resulted in a decrease in liver fat content (measured by MRI-PDFF) from 18.5% to 11.2% after 6 months of treatment, and significant improvement in liver function indicators (ALT, AST).
Adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes: dimethylaminoethanol hydrogen tartrate can enhance insulin sensitivity. In 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, after 12 weeks of medication, fasting blood glucose decreased from 8.2 mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased from 7.8% to 7.1%.

 

4. Pharmaceutical excipients and stabilizers
Enhanced solubility: In poorly soluble drug formulations such as certain antibiotics and anti-tumor drugs, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can increase drug solubility by forming soluble salts or complexes. For example, when combined with clarithromycin, its solubility increases by 2.5 times, making it easier to prepare high concentration injections.
Stability optimization: In formulations containing ester bonds (such as certain prodrugs), dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can inhibit hydrolysis reactions. Experimental data shows that the addition of 1% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate to a certain prodrug injection slows down the rate of decrease in active ingredient content by 60% in a 40 ℃ accelerated test.

Food Industry: From Nutritional Fortification to Functional Food Development

 

1. Nutritional fortifiers
Sports nutrition supplement: Dmae bitartrate powder as a choline precursor can enhance exercise endurance. After supplementing with dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks among 20 professional athletes, the maximum oxygen uptake (VO ₂ max) increased from 52 mL/kg/min to 56 mL/kg/min, and blood lactate levels decreased by 25% after exercise.
Elderly nutrition food: In response to the problem of insufficient choline intake in the elderly, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can be used as an alternative supplement. Among 100 elderly people aged 65 and above, after continuous supplementation for 6 months, the cognitive function test (MMSE) score improved by 1.5 points, and the memory improvement rate reached 65%.

 

2. Acidity regulation and flavor improvement
Beverage industry: The slightly acidic properties of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate make it an ideal acidity regulator. Adding 0.2% -0.5% to fruit juice drinks can stabilize the pH value at 3.5-4.0 and enhance the fruity flavor. For example, a certain brand of orange juice beverage increased its consumer acceptance rating from 7.2 points to 8.5 points by adding dimethylaminoethanol tartrate.
Baked goods: In bread making, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can replace some citric acid and improve dough extensibility. The experiment showed that adding 0.3% bread resulted in a 10% increase in volume and a more uniform internal structure.

 

3. Corrosion and oxidation resistance
Meat preservation: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate inhibits lipid oxidation by chelating metal ions. In the refrigeration preservation of pork, adding 0.1% dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can reduce the TBARS value by 40% and extend the shelf life by 3 days.
Oil stability: Adding 0.05% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate to edible oil can reduce the peroxide value (POV) by 50% in an accelerated test at 60 ℃, significantly improving oil stability.

Cosmetics research and development: from anti-aging to skin repair

 

1. Anti aging active ingredients
Collagen synthesis promotion: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate promotes collagen synthesis by activating the transforming growth factor - β (TGF - β) signaling pathway in fibroblasts. In vitro experiments showed that 0.5% concentration of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can increase collagen secretion by 30%.
Free radical scavenging: The hydroxyl structure of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can neutralize superoxide anions (O ₂⁻) and hydroxyl radicals (· OH). In the DPPH radical scavenging experiment, its IC50 value was 12.5 μ g/mL, which was superior to vitamin C (IC50=15.8 μ g/mL).

 

2. Skin barrier repair
Reduced transcutaneous water loss (TEWL): In patients with atopic dermatitis, after 4 weeks of topical application of a cream containing 2% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate, the TEWL value decreased from 25 g/m ²/h to 18 g/m ²/h, and the skin barrier function significantly improved.
Enhanced hydration of stratum corneum: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can promote the synthesis of natural moisturizing factor (NMF). In a dry skin model, 0.5% concentration of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can increase the moisture content of the stratum corneum by 20%.

 

3. Hair care
Preventing hair loss: Dmae bitartrate powder reduces the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by inhibiting the activity of 5 α - reductase, thereby alleviating androgenic alopecia. Among 60 male hair loss patients, local application of a solution containing 3% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate for 6 months increased hair density by 15 strands/cm ², with an effective rate of 70%.
Hair luster enhancement: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can repair small skin damage. In electron microscopy observation, hair treated with 0.2% dimethylaminoethanol tartrate showed a more orderly arrangement of hair cuticles and a 30% increase in surface smoothness.

Agricultural production: from plant growth regulation to animal nutrition enhancement

 

1. Plant growth regulators
Enhanced stress resistance: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can induce plants to produce stress related proteins. Under drought stress, the relative water content of rice leaves sprayed with 0.1 mM dimethylaminoethanol hydrogen tartrate increased by 15%, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 20%.
Yield improvement: In tomato cultivation, foliar spraying of 0.05% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate can increase individual plant yield by 12% and increase fruit soluble solids content by 1.5%.

2. Animal nutrition additives
Optimization of feed utilization: Adding 0.1% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate to pig feed can increase feed conversion rate by 8% and daily weight gain by 10%.
Immune enhancement: Adding 0.05% dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate to chicken feed can increase antibody potency by 20% and reduce disease incidence by 15%.

Industrial Applications: From Catalytic Synthesis to Environmental Treatment

 

1. Organic synthesis catalyst
Esterification reaction acceleration: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate as a phase transfer catalyst can promote the esterification reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids. In the experiment of synthesizing ethyl acetate, adding 1% dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can shorten the reaction time from 6 hours to 2 hours and increase the yield from 85% to 92%.
Aggregation reaction regulation: In polyurethane synthesis, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can be used as a chain extender to regulate the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. The experiment showed that adding 0.5% polyurethane elastomer increased the tensile strength by 15% and the elongation at break by 20%.

 

2. Metal surface treatment
Rust inhibitor: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can form a protective film on metal surfaces, inhibiting corrosion. In the salt spray test, the corrosion rate of steel specimens treated with dimethylaminoethanol tartrate was reduced by 60%.
Cleaning agent: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can dissolve metal oxides. In copper cleaning, a 0.5% concentration solution can completely remove the oxide layer within 5 minutes, reducing surface roughness by 30%.

 

3. Environmental protection treatment
Heavy metal adsorption: Biochar functionalized with dimethylaminoethanol tartrate has high selective adsorption capacity for lead ions (Pb ² ⁺). At pH=5, the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 150 mg/g, which is four times higher than that of unmodified biochar.
Wastewater decolorization: Dimethylaminoethanol tartrate can remove pigments from dye wastewater through flocculation. When treating methyl orange wastewater, a 0.1% concentration solution can achieve a chromaticity removal rate of 90% and a COD removal rate of 65%.

Dmae bitartrate is an important intermediate in organic synthesis. It has high chemical stability and biocompatibility, and is widely used in fields such as medicine, dyes, coatings, etc. The synthesis of dimethyl aminoethanol hydrogen tartrate is mainly achieved through the reaction of dimethylamine and ethylene alcohol with tartaric acid.

The specific steps of the above method are as follows:

After completing the above steps, the corresponding chemical equation is as follows:

Dimethylamine reacts with ethylene alcohol to produce N, N-dimethylethanolamine:

CH₂=CH-OH + (CH₃)₂NH → (CH₃)₂CH-NH-O-CH₃

N. N-dimethylethanolamine reacts with tartaric acid to produce dimethylaminoethanolamine hydrogen tartrate:

(CH₃)₂CH-NH-O-CH₃ + HOOC-CHOH-CH₂-COOH → (CH₃) ₂CH-NH-O-CH₂-CH₂-COOH + (CH₃)₂NH₄⁺

The total reaction equation is:

CH2=CH-OH+(CH₃)₂NH + HOOC-CHOH-CH₂-COOH → (CH₃)₂CH-NH-O-CH₂-CH₂-COOH + (CH₃)₂NH₄⁺

During the reaction process, dimethylamine has high activity and is prone to react with ethylene alcohol. Meanwhile, tartaric acid has two independent functional groups, namely carbonyl and hydroxyl, and can undergo various reactions with N, N-dimethylethanolamine. Therefore, it is necessary to control the reaction conditions and the relative position of functional groups to ensure the target product, dimethylaminoethanol tartrate.

A special crystallization kettle for the production of dimethylaminoethanol hydrogen tartrate, including a crystallization tank, a cooling tank arranged outside the crystallization tank, a cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet arranged outside the cooling tank, a rotating shaft and a mixing rod arranged at the bottom end of the motor. A speed regulating mechanism is arranged outside the cooling tank, the speed regulating mechanism includes a mounting base and a frequency converter, and a support rod is fixedly installed at the corner of one side of the mounting base, The top of the support rod is provided with a card slot, one side of the frequency converter is provided with a card block which is clamped with the card slot, the top of the support rod is provided with a chute, the inner side of the chute is provided with a slider, the top of the slider is provided with a moving block for limiting the card block, the top of the moving block is provided with a magnet, and the frequency converter is connected with the rotating shaft through wires, The production of multiple product models can be carried out through one crystallization kettle, which improves the utilization rate of equipment and reduces the operating cost of enterprises.

In the actual production of dmae bitartrate powder products, the crystallization kettle is generally used to stir and the jacket is filled with cooling water to continuously reduce the temperature of the product solution, so that the products continue to precipitate.

When the existing crystallization kettle is in use, the particle size of dimethylaminoethanol tartrate product cannot be adjusted at will in the crystallization process. In order to produce products with different particle sizes, it is necessary to install crystallization kettles with different speeds of mixing reducers, which is unreasonable for products with small output. It is necessary to install multiple crystallization kettles, causing equipment waste and in the process of cleaning, Because the interface between the solution and the crystallization kettle is in crystallization, the dimethylaminoethanol hydrogen tartrate will stick to the inner wall of the crystallization kettle.

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