10-HDA, chemical name 10-hydro-2-decenoic acid, molecular formula c10h18o3, CAS 14113-05-4, structural formula Ho · CH2 · (CH2) 6 · ch=ch · COOH, melting point 52 ℃. It is a solid substance with a common appearance of white to light yellow crystals. Its relative molecular weight is approximately 202.32 g/mol, which is the total mass composed of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. This compound is a carboxylic acid and therefore has a certain degree of acidity. It can react by releasing hydrogen ions and undergo acid-base neutralization reactions in the presence of aqueous solutions. In nature, only royal jelly contains this substance. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly are related to the presence of this substance. The content of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in fresh royal jelly is relatively high; The content of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in royal jelly that is not fresh, improperly stored, or adulterated is relatively low. Therefore, the content of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is one of the important physicochemical indicators for measuring the quality of royal jelly. The general content should be above 1.4%. The measurement method is gas chromatography or liquid chromatography. It has been artificially synthesized, and the properties and functions of the synthesized product are similar to those of natural products.
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Chemical Formula |
C10H18O3 |
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Exact Mass |
186 |
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Molecular Weight |
186 |
|
m/z |
186 (100.0%), 187 (10.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 64.49; H, 9.74; O, 25.77 |
Synthesis of chlorpromazine hydrochloride:
1. The main ring is prepared by Ullmann reaction with o-chloroaniline as raw material, heating reflux condensation to prepare 2-carboxyl-3-diphenylamine; After decarboxylation at high temperature, it is fused with sulfur to cyclically synthesize 2-chlorophenylthiazine.
2. The side chain is prepared by heating propylene alcohol with dimethylamine in the presence of granular sodium hydroxide, and the generated 3-dimethylaminopropanol reacts with dry hydrogen chloride gas to obtain 1-chloro-3-dimethylaminopropane hydrochloride.
3. The condensation of the main ring and the side chain is carried out with sodium hydroxide as the condensation agent, and the obtained chlorpromazine is salified with hydrogen chloride gas to obtain chlorpromazine hydrochloride.
In order to synthesize 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, we need to start with succinic acid and go through a series of chemical reaction steps. The following is a detailed synthesis process and its corresponding chemical equations.
Firstly, octanedioic acid is reacted with LiAlH4 to undergo a reduction reaction, producing 1,8-octanediol.
LiAlH4 + HOOC (CH2) 7COOH → HOH (CH2) 7CH2OH + LiAlO2
Next, 1,8-octanediol is reacted with Ag2CO3 and diatomaceous earth to undergo selective oxidation, producing 8-hydroxyoctanal.
HO (CH2) 7CH2OH + Ag2CO3 → HO (CH2) 7CHO + 2Ag + CO2 + H2O
React 8-hydroxyoctanal with acetic anhydride to undergo acetylation reaction, producing 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid methyl ester.
HO (CH2)7CHO + (CH3CO)2O → (CH3CO)2O(CH2)7COOH + CH3CHO
React 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid methyl ester with malonic acid to undergo a condensation reaction, producing 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester.
(CH3CO)2O(CH2)7COOH + CH2(COOH)2 → (CH3CO)2OCH=CH (CH2)7COOH + 2H2O
Finally, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester is hydrolyzed to produce 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid.
(CH3CO)2OCH=CH (CH2)7COOH + H2O → CH=CH (CH2)7COOH + 2CH3COOH
In summary, through the above five chemical reactions, we successfully synthesized 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from succinic acid through steps such as reduction, oxidation, acetylation, condensation, and hydrolysis.
The functions of royal jelly are as follows:
1. Improve body immunity: the substances in royal jelly can stimulate the production of immune substances. Therefore, for people with poor immune function, eating royal jelly appropriately can improve body immunity and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases;
2. Supplement brain power: royal jelly contains a certain amount of carbohydrates, namely sugar, which can produce 4kcal/g calories. Sugar is an important energy source for brain metabolism. Therefore, drinking royal jelly appropriately plays a role in alleviating mental fatigue and improving mental agility;
3. Promote muscle synthesis: carbohydrates contained in royal jelly can provide raw materials for glycogen in muscle, and play a role in alleviating muscle fatigue and improving muscle strength;
4. Antioxidant and anti-aging: royal jelly contains bioactive substances, which can remove free radicals. Therefore, eating royal jelly appropriately has certain antioxidant and anti-aging effects.
10-HDA, also known as royal jelly, is a natural fatty acid present in royal jelly. With extensive research on bee products, it has been proven to have various application values in skin health, including moisturizing, anti-aging, repairing damaged skin, improving immunity, and maintaining skin health.
1. Moisturizing:
Dry skin is a major cause of many skin problems, such as wrinkles, roughness, sensitivity, etc. 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid has been proven to be a skin moisturizer. It can enhance the hydration of the stratum corneum, improve the skin's water retention ability, thereby reducing water evaporation and keeping the skin more hydrated. A study on the moisturizing effect of skin has shown that 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid has a stronger moisturizing effect compared to other common moisturizers such as glycerol and urea.
2. Anti aging:
It has antioxidant effects, can eliminate free radicals, and slow down skin aging. Free radicals are harmful molecules that can damage skin cells, leading to skin aging, discoloration, and loss of elasticity. It can eliminate free radicals and prevent further damage to the skin. In addition, it can also promote the generation of collagen, a protein that has a supportive effect in the skin and can make the skin tighter and more elastic.
3. Repair damaged skin:
Skin damage includes various injuries and diseases, such as burns, cuts, sunburn, eczema, etc. It has been proven to have the ability to repair damaged skin. A study on skin wound repair has shown that using the 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid treatment results in faster wound healing and smaller scars. It can promote skin cell proliferation and migration, while protecting newborn cells from oxidative stress damage, thereby accelerating wound healing.
4. Improve immunity:
The skin is one of the most important immune systems in the human body, and it needs to maintain health to protect the body from pathogens. It has been proven to enhance the skin's immunity. A study on immune function has shown that the use of 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid enhances the immune response of the skin, resulting in more immune cells and antibody production. These cells and antibodies can help the skin resist pathogens and other external invasions, making the skin healthier.
5. Maintain skin health:
Skin health is the foundation of beauty and confidence. It can promote the renewal and repair of skin cells, while enhancing their moisturizing and antioxidant abilities, thereby reducing the occurrence of skin problems such as wrinkles, pigmentation, and sensitivity. A study on skin health has shown that using skin care products containing 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid significantly improves skin quality, making it smoother, softer, and more elastic.
Physical and chemical indicators:
It is more scientific to determine the grade of royal jelly according to the classification of physical and chemical indexes. Royal jelly contains 10 hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, which is unique in nature. The quality and price of royal jelly exported from China are basically determined according to this index, and it is recognized by foreign customers. According to the national standard of China, the 10-HDA index of first-class royal jelly is greater than 1.4%, and when the 10 hydroxy-2-decenoic acid index is greater than 2.0%, it is the best royal jelly.
Because royal jelly is a labor-intensive product with low output, a group of bees can only produce 3-4 kg royal jelly a year, so the production cost is very high. After years of breeding, relevant researchers have bred some bee species with relatively high production of working pulp, called plasma bees, whose annual production can reach 8-10 kg. Some breeding farms have bred bee species with an annual output of more than 13 kg royal jelly, or even higher. According to a large number of analysis data, the quality of high-yield pulp is slightly worse than that of low-yield pulp. The higher the yield, the lower the quality.
Generally, royal jelly produced before the middle of may can be classified as spring jelly, and royal jelly produced after the middle of may can be classified as summer and autumn jelly. Spring jelly is milky yellow, which is the best quality royal jelly in a year, especially the royal jelly produced for the first time is of the highest quality, and the royal jelly has high acid content. The color of autumn pulp is slightly darker, and its water content is slightly lower than that of spring pulp, but its quality is slightly inferior to that of spring pulp.
According to the different species of plasma producing bees, royal jelly is divided into medium bee plasma, western bee plasma and black bee plasma. The former is produced by Chinese bee and the latter is produced by western bee. Compared with western bee plasma, medium bee plasma is more viscous and light yellow in appearance, and the acid content of royal jelly is slightly lower. The output of medium propolis is much lower than that of Western propolis. Most of the products sold on the market are western bee plasma. Black bee plasma is mainly produced in Heilongjiang Province and Qinghai Province. The output of black bee plasma is lower than that of western bee plasma, but the nutrition is higher than that of western bee plasma, and the quality of royal jelly is high. The hotter the Western Royal Jelly is, the better, and the fresher the black royal jelly is, the better. It is similar to the sweet taste of monosodium glutamate.
According to the source of honey powder
The bee yellow that usually grows at what flowering period is called royal jelly. For example, the bee yellow collected during the flowering period of rapeseed is called rapeseed paste, and the bee yellow collected during the flowering period of locust is called locust paste. Similarly, there are also lime tree sap, sunflower sap, wattle sap, purple clover sap, and miscellaneous flower sap.
The color of bee yellow produced during the flowering period of different honey powder sources varies greatly. For example, rapeseed paste is white, locust paste is milky white, purple clover paste is light yellow, buckwheat paste is slightly red, and purple locust paste is purple. The color of bee yellow can be used to distinguish which honey powder source is produced during the flowering period.
Generally, bee yolks produced before mid May are classified as spring pulp, while those produced after mid May are classified as summer and autumn pulp. Spring milk yellow is the best quality bee yellow of the year, especially the first production of bee yellow with the highest quality and high content of bee yellow acid. Autumn pulp has a slightly darker color and a slightly lower moisture content than spring pulp, but its quality is slightly inferior to spring pulp.
According to the different species of bees that produce nectar, bee yolks are divided into medium, western, and black types. The former is produced by Chinese bees, while the latter is produced by Western bees. Compared with Western honey, Chinese honey has a thicker appearance, a light yellow color, and slightly lower royal jelly acid content. The production of Chinese honey is much lower than that of Western honey. The vast majority of products sold in the market are Western honey. Black jelly is mainly produced in Heilongjiang Province and Qinghai Province. The production of black jelly is lower than that of Western jelly, but its nutrition is higher. Royal jelly has high quality. The spicier the Xifenghuang, the better, and the fresher the Heifenghuang, the better, with a sweet taste similar to that of a flavoring agent.
It is relatively scientific to determine the grade of bee yellow according to its physical and chemical indicators. Bee yellow contains the unique natural 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, and the quality and price of bee yellow exported from China are basically determined based on this indicator, which is recognized by foreign customers. According to the Chinese national standard, the 10-HDA index of first-class bee yellow is greater than 1.4%, and when the 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid index is greater than 2.0, it is the best grade in royal jelly.
FAQ
1. What is 10 hydroxy-2-decenoic acid?
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is a natural drug and food homologous compound originating from royal jelly (RJ)19. As a unique medium-chain fatty acid, 10-HDA comprises approximately 40% of the total fatty acids in royal jelly (RJ)20.
2. What food has 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid?
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is a trans-unsaturated fatty acid exclusively found in royal jelly, known for its health and medical benefits.
3. What does 10-HDA do?
We previously found 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which is the major lipid component of RJ and has several health-beneficial effects in mammals, such as antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiangiogenic activity. It also extends the lifespan of C. elegans.
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