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Diethyl phthalate (dep) is a chemical substance with the molecular formula C12H14O4, CAS 111-42-2. Colorless to yellowish clear oily liquid. Easily soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and almost insoluble in water. It is used as plasticizer, solvent, lubricant, fragrance fixing agent, foaming agent for flotation of nonferrous or rare metal mines, gas chromatography stationary liquid, alcohol denaturant and spray insecticide. Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat source. It shall be stored separately from oxidants and acids and shall not be mixed. Fire fighting equipment of corresponding types and quantities shall be provided. The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate materials. Plasticizer, solvent, lubricant, fragrance fixing agent, foaming agent for nonferrous or rare metal mine flotation.
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Chemical Formula |
C12H14O4 |
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Exact Mass |
222 |
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Molecular Weight |
222 |
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m/z |
222 (100.0%), 223 (13.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 64.85; H, 6.35; O, 28.80 |
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Synthesis of Diethyl phthalate (dep):
Ethylene oxide reacts with ammonia to obtain diethanolamine, monoethanolamine and triethanolamine. The ethylene oxide and ammonia water are sent into the reactor. Under the reaction temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the reaction pressure of 70.9-304kPa, the condensation reaction is carried out to generate the mixed liquid of primary, secondary and triethanolamine. At 90-120 ℃, the Chemicalbook is dehydrated and concentrated, and then sent to three vacuum distillation towers for vacuum distillation. The distillates are cut according to different boiling points, and the finished products of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine with a purity of 99% can be obtained. In the reaction process, if the ratio of ethylene oxide is increased, the ratio of diethylamine and triethanolamine is increased, which can improve the yield of diethylamine and triethanolamine.
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin catalytic hydrogenation method:
In this method, formaldehyde cyanohydrin and hydrogen are reacted in the presence of nickel catalyst to generate ammonia in addition to monoethanolamine and diethanolamine. The reaction is as follows:
Diethyl phthalate (dep), as an organic compound with both secondary amine and diol properties, has formed a complete application system covering chemical, energy, daily chemical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and other fields in industrial production due to its weak alkalinity, high solubility and reactivity.
It is the core material for industrial gas purification, and its alkaline properties make it an efficient absorbent for acidic gases such as CO2, H2S, SO2. In the field of natural gas processing, diethanolamine solution can be recycled through chemical absorption method, with a desulfurization efficiency of over 99%. For example, after adopting DEA desulfurization technology in a large gas field, the hydrogen sulfide content decreased from 3% to below 5ppm, meeting the pipeline transportation standards. In the catalytic cracking unit of a refinery, a mixed solvent with monoethanolamine can simultaneously remove H2S and CO2, reducing the risk of equipment corrosion.
Technological innovation direction:
Development of composite solvents: The composite system of diethanolamine and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) can reduce energy consumption by 15% and carbon capture costs by 12%.
Regeneration process optimization: Adopting heat pump technology to recover the heat of absorbent regeneration, reducing the unit decarbonization cost to below 200 yuan/ton.
The application in the daily chemical industry covers multiple dimensions such as surfactants, emulsifiers, thickeners, etc. Its derivative alkanolamide is the core component of detergents and cosmetics.
1. Shampoo and body wash
The coconut oil diethanolamide (CDEA) produced by the reaction of diethanolamine with coconut oil has thickening, foam stability, and resistance to hard water. The formula of a certain international brand shampoo shows that CDEA accounts for 35% of the total surfactant content, which can improve the low-temperature stability of the product by 40% and increase the combing score by 2.3 points (on a 5-point scale).
2. Emulsification system for cosmetics
In lotion and creams, as an auxiliary emulsifier, it forms O/W type emulsion film with stearic acid, and its HLB value (10.5) is particularly suitable for neutral formulas with oil content of 40% -60%. The stability test of an anti-aging face cream showed that the addition of 0.8% DEA could reduce the centrifugal separation rate of the product from 12% to 1.5%, and increase the 28 day moisture retention rate by 18%.
3. Oral care products
The phosphate derivatives of diethanolamine, as friction modifiers in toothpaste, can control the dispersion of silica particles, reduce enamel wear rate by 30%, and improve cleaning efficiency by 25%.
It plays multiple roles in industrial manufacturing, such as lubricant, corrosion inhibitor, cross-linking agent, etc. Its application runs through the industrial chain links such as metal processing, cement production, polyurethane foam manufacturing, etc.
1. Cement grinding aid
The reaction between diethanolamine and isopropanol produces diethanolamine monoisopropanolamine (DEIPA), which is the core component of the third-generation high-efficiency grinding aids. The application test of a 5000t/d production line shows that adding 0.03% DEIPA can increase the compressive strength of cement by 15% after 3 days and 8% after 28 days, while reducing the electricity consumption per ton of cement by 3.2 kWh.
2. Metal processing fluid
In cutting fluid, diethanolamine fatty acid salts can form a chemical adsorption film at the tool workpiece interface as extreme pressure additives. The usage report of a certain automotive parts processing factory shows that after using DEA based cutting fluid, the tool life is extended by 40%, and the surface roughness Ra value of the machined surface is reduced from 1.6 μ m to 0.8 μ m.
3. Polyurethane foam
As a crosslinking agent, the hardness and resilience of polyurethane foam can be adjusted. In the production of car seat foam, adding 1.5% DEA can reduce the compression permanent deformation rate of foam from 18% to 8%, and increase the rebound rate to 65%, meeting the SAE J188 standard.
It is a key intermediate of herbicides such as glyphosate, and its derivatives have important application value in the fields of pesticides and plant growth regulators.
1. Glyphosate synthesis
About 30% of the global glyphosate production capacity uses the diethanolamine iminodiacetic acid (DIA) route. The atomic utilization rate of this process reaches 82%, which is 15 percentage points higher than the glycine method, and the emission of three wastes is reduced by 40%. The production data of a chemical enterprise in China shows that adopting the DEA-IDA route can reduce the production cost of glyphosate by 1800 yuan/ton.
2. Plant growth regulators
The salts formed with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can promote plant root development and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Field experiments have shown that foliar spraying of 0.1% DEA-IAA solution can increase rice tiller number by 22% and 1000 grain weight by 15%.
Energy and New Materials: Lithium Battery Electrolytes and Carbon Capture Technology
With the rise of the new energy industry, new application potential has been demonstrated in the fields of lithium battery electrolyte additives and carbon capture.
1. Lithium battery electrolyte
Diethylamine derivatives can be used as film-forming additives for lithium-ion battery electrolytes, forming a stable SEI film on the negative electrode surface. According to test data from a certain power battery company, adding 0.5% DEA derivatives can increase battery cycle life by 30%, first efficiency by 2.1%, and high-temperature storage capacity retention rate from 85% to 92% at 45 ℃.
2. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCUS)
In the flue gas treatment of coal-fired power plants, the mixed solvent of diethanolamine and ethanolamine can achieve a CO2 capture efficiency of over 85%. A demonstration project in Germany shows that carbon capture using DEA-MA composite solvents reduces carbon capture efficiency by 12% compared to traditional amine methods, reduces energy consumption by 18%, and lowers solvent degradation rate to 0.05%/day.
Analytical Chemistry and Detection Techniques: Chromatographic Fixed Liquids and Heavy Metal Detection
It has unique value in the field of analytical chemistry, and its derivatives can be used as gas chromatography stationary liquids and heavy metal detection reagents.
1. Gas chromatography stationary phase
As a polar stationary phase, it can selectively separate compounds such as alcohols, amines, thiols, etc. In petroleum product analysis, its separation efficiency is 40% higher than that of traditional squalane stationary phase, and the analysis time is shortened to 15 minutes.
2. Heavy metal detection reagents
The complex formed by diethanolamine and dithizone can be used for colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions such as lead and mercury. In environmental monitoring, the detection limit of this method can reach 0.01mg/L, which reduces the cost by 60% compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy and is suitable for rapid on-site detection.
With the advancement of technology, the application of electronic chemicals and biodegradable materials is gradually expanding.
1. Electronic chemicals
As a pH regulator for photoresist developer, diethyl phthalate (dep) can control the uniformity of development rate. A test conducted by a semiconductor company showed that adding 0.2% DEA can reduce the line width deviation of 12 inch wafer development from ± 0.05 μ m to ± 0.02 μ m.
2. Biodegradable materials
The polyester amide generated by the reaction of diethanolamine and lactic acid has biodegradability and can be used for medical sutures and packaging materials. Animal experiments have shown that the material has a degradation rate of 90% within 6 months and there is no inflammatory response.
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