Divinylbenzene(dvb) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H10, CAS 1321-74-0, It is a colorless liquid with a special odor, insoluble in water, soluble in methanol and ether. Flammable when exposed to open flames or high heat. A mixture of three isomers, ortho, meta, and para, containing approximately 50% ethylvinylphenol or 0.1% tert butylcatechol as stabilizers, which is prone to polymerization. Soluble in methanol and ether, insoluble in water. Low toxicity, LD50 (rat, oral) 4040mg/kg. May cause cancer, has anesthetic and mild irritant effects in animal experiments, is harmful to the environment, and can cause pollution to the atmosphere. Used for manufacturing plastics and ion exchange resins. Highly reactive, insoluble polymers capable of generating three-dimensional structures, used as crosslinking agents, can copolymerize with polymerized monomers such as styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, etc. to prepare ion exchange resins (mainly copolymers with styrene, including strong acidic cation exchange resins, strong alkaline anion exchange resins, weak alkaline anion exchange resins, and ion exchange membranes), ABS resins? (Improve impact resistance and heat resistance), MBS resin, synthetic rubber, polyester resin.
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Chemical Formula |
C10H10 |
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Exact Mass |
130 |
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Molecular Weight |
130 |
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m/z |
130 (100.0%), 131 (10.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 92.26; H, 7.74 |
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Divinylbenzene(dvb) is a very useful cross-linking agent, which is widely used in ion exchange resin, ion exchange membrane, ABS resin, polystyrene resin, unsaturated polyester resin, synthetic rubber and other fields.
1) For example, a surface phenolic hydroxyl modified resin is prepared. Styrene divinylbenzene resin is prepared from monomer styrene and cross-linking agent divinylbenzene. Nitrated styrene divinylbenzene resin is obtained by bonding nitro groups on the surface of styrene divinylbenzene resin in a step by step manner, and then aminated styrene divinylbenzene resin is obtained through reduction reaction. Finally, the surface amino groups are converted to obtain surface phenolic hydroxy modified resin. The preparation method of the phenolic hydroxyl modified resin on the surface of the filler is simple, and the degree of functionality is highly controllable. By accurately controlling the content of phenolic hydroxyl on the surface of the filler, the resin modified material with weak acid groups is obtained, which can be used for solid phase extraction of the filler. The extraction selectivity of polar compounds in water is high, and the adsorption capacity is large.
2) Preparation of a functional nano porous polymer material, including a. preparation of aldehyde reactants containing double bonds by multi-component synthesis technology. b. The 4-allyloxybenzaldehyde prepared in step a is used to realize the Ugi four component reaction to prepare functional monomers. c. The divinylbenzene is selected as the cross-linking monomer, the initiator is added, and the divinylbenzene is copolymerized with an appropriate amount of Ugi reaction product by solvothermal method to obtain the functionalized nano porous polymer material. The mass ratio of divinylbenzene to the functional monomer is 1.0-4.0, the mass ratio of initiator to divinylbenzene is 0.01-0.05, the mass ratio of solvent to divinylbenzene is 4.0-10.0, and the polymerization temperature is 60-200 ° C, The pressure is controlled at 0.5-5.0MPa, and the reaction time is 24-48h. After the reaction, the residual solvent is removed by volatilization at room temperature or vacuum distillation.
Divinylbenzene (DVB), as a benzene ring derivative containing two vinyl groups, has demonstrated extraordinary application value in chemical, materials, pharmaceutical and other fields due to its unique molecular structure and reactivity. This article will systematically analyze the diverse application scenarios and technological progress of DVB from four dimensions: chemical properties, industrial production, daily life, and scientific research.
Core applications of industrial production
(1) Resin synthesis field
Ion exchange resin:
Synthesis process: DVB is copolymerized with styrene, and sulfonic acid groups (- SO3H) or quaternary ammonium groups (- N ⁺ R3) are introduced to prepare cation/anion exchange resins.
Application areas:
Water treatment: removes heavy metal ions (Pb ² ⁺, Cd ² ⁺), softens hard water, and purifies drinking water.
Biopharmaceuticals: Antibiotic purification, protein separation, blood perfusion adsorbent.
Electronics industry: electroplating wastewater treatment, recycling of precious metals.
Polystyrene resin:
Modification effect: DVB acts as a crosslinking agent to enhance the impact strength (Izod notch impact strength increased by 40%) and heat resistance (heat deformation temperature increased by 25 ℃) of polystyrene.
Application case: High impact polystyrene (HIPS) is used in the manufacturing of household appliance casings and toys.
Unsaturated polyester resin:
Cross link density control: The amount of DVB used affects the hardness and corrosion resistance of the resin.
End products: FRP pipes, corrosion-resistant storage tanks, ship components.
(2) Rubber and elastomers
Special rubber synthesis:
Co modification: DVB is copolymerized with butadiene and acrylonitrile to prepare oil resistant rubber (NBR) and high temperature resistant rubber (HNBR).
Performance improvement: Tensile strength>30 MPa, temperature resistance range -40 ℃ to 150 ℃.
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE):
Dynamic crosslinking: DVB participates in the preparation of block copolymers such as SBS and SIS, endowing the material with elasticity and processability.
Application areas: shoe sole materials, sealing strips, medical catheters.
(3) Coatings and adhesives
High performance coatings:
UV curable coating: DVB cross-linked acrylic resin, with a 50% increase in curing speed and excellent scratch resistance.
Anti corrosion coating: adding DVB modification to epoxy resin, with a salt spray resistance of up to 2000 hours.
Structural adhesive:
Epoxy resin toughening: The modified epoxy resin prepared with DVB participation has a shear strength greater than 25 MPa and is suitable for bonding automotive structural components.
(4) Ion exchange membrane
Fuel cell separator:
Proton conductivity: Divinylbenzene(dvb) cross-linked sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) membrane, proton conductivity>0.1 S/cm (80 ℃).
Electrodialysis membrane:
Desalination efficiency: DVB copolymer membrane, NaCl retention rate>99%, water flux up to 10 L/m ² · h.
Daily life applications
(1) Home and Building Materials
Plastic tableware:
Polystyrene modification: HIPS plastic with added DVB improves microwave resistance and is suitable for disposable lunch boxes.
Decorative panels:
Flame retardant treatment: DVB participates in the preparation of flame retardants, resulting in a wood oxygen index (LOI) of over 28%.
Optical materials:
Glasses lenses: DVB cross-linked polycarbonate lenses with a refractive index of 1.59 and an Abbe number of 40.
(2) Personal care
Perfume fixative:
Persistence of fragrance retention: DVB derivatives can be used as fixatives to prolong the fragrance retention time of perfume for 4-6 hours.
Sunscreen:
Nano dispersion technology: DVB modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles with SPF value>50 and transdermal absorption rate<0.1%.
Scientific research and cutting-edge exploration
(1) Materials Science
Porous polymer:
Gas separation membrane: DVB is copolymerized with tetrafluorobenzonitrile to prepare intrinsic pore polymer (PIM), with a CO ₂/CH ₄ selectivity of 30.
Nanocomposite materials:
Graphene modification: DVB participates in the surface grafting of graphene, enhancing the conductivity of polymer based composites (conductivity>1 S/cm).
(2) Biomedical Science
Drug carrier:
Targeted nanoparticles: DVB crosslinked polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with drug encapsulation efficiency>85% and sustained release period of 30 days.
Organizational engineering support:
3D printing material: DVB modified polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), excellent cell compatibility, supports osteoblast proliferation.
(3) Environmental Science
Pollutant adsorbent:
Heavy metal capture: DVB cross-linked chitosan resin has an adsorption capacity of 260 mg/g for Pb ² ⁺.
CO ₂ capture:
Amine functionalized material: DVB copolymerized with polyethyleneimine, with a CO ₂ adsorption capacity of 4.5 mmol/g (75 ℃).
A method for producing divinylbenzene and methylstyrene by mixing methylethylbenzene and diethylbenzene. Divinylbenzene(dvb) and methylethylbenzene are mixed to form raw materials according to the ratio of 95%: 5%, and are subject to the following reaction steps:
a. The raw materials are added into the evaporator to mix with saturated steam. The mixed steam in the evaporator obtained by stripping and heating with steam reaches 80 ℃~150 ℃ and then enters the superheater. The dehydrogenation reaction gas output from the second reactor is also input into the superheater. The mixed steam and the dehydrogenation reaction gas output from the second reactor conduct heat exchange in the tube side and shell side of the superheater to make the temperature of the mixed steam 500 ℃~600 ℃;
b. Saturated steam is heated to 600 ℃～ 700 ℃ by the heating furnace and then enters the intermediate reheater. The dehydrogenation reaction gas output from the first reactor first enters the intermediate reheater. The saturated steam and the dehydrogenation reaction gas output from the first reactor conduct heat exchange in the intermediate reheater until the temperature of saturated steam is 600 ℃～ 650 ℃. The saturated steam output enters the heating furnace and is heated to 700 ～ 800 ℃;
a. Mixing the mixed steam obtained in step (1) a and the saturated steam output from step b into the first reactor equipped with catalyst for dehydrogenation reaction;
b. The process gas after reaction in the first reactor enters the intermediate reheater for heat exchange in step (1) b, and then the process gas is output to the second reactor to continue the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction;
a. The dehydrogenation reaction gas output from the second reactor enters the superheater for heat exchange with the mixed steam of newly added raw materials in step (1) a, and the dehydrogenation reaction gas after heat exchange enters the low-pressure waste heat boiler for cooling and preliminary separation. The separated substances enter the main cooler and oil-water separation tank respectively;
b. The substances in the main cooler are separated again, and the separated substances enter the oil-water separation tank and the tail gas cooler respectively;
c. The components separated from the oil-water separation tank are purified by the crude separation tower, the delighting tower and the distillation tower to obtain the final products divinylbenzene and methylstyrene.
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