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Paraformaldehyde powder, also known as solid formaldehyde, polyformaldehyde, polyformaldehyde, secondary formaldehyde, or polyformaldehyde, is a type of formaldehyde polymer, CAS 30525-89-4, Its chemical formula is usually HO (CH2O) nH, where n represents the degree of polymerization, ranging from 8 to 100. There are also claims that its molecular formula is (CH2O) n. The appearance is usually white or light yellow, existing in the form of powder, granular or flaky solid. It has a pungent odor of formaldehyde, which originates from the formaldehyde gas produced by its slow decomposition or depolymerization. As an important chemical raw material, polyformaldehyde has a wide range of applications in various industrial fields, thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties. It is usually insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, acetone, but can be dissolved in dilute acid and dilute alkali solutions. In cold water, the dissolution rate of polyformaldehyde is slower, while it can dissolve faster in hot water. This solubility enables polyformaldehyde to act as a slow-release agent for formaldehyde in certain chemical reactions, regulating the reaction process by controlling its dissolution rate.
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Paraformaldehyde powder plays an irreplaceable role as an important disinfectant and sterilizer in the aquaculture industry. Its unique slow-release formaldehyde properties enable it to effectively kill bacteria and microorganisms in the aquaculture industry, ensuring animal health and the safety of the production environment.
Basic use in aquaculture industry
Disinfection and sterilization:
It is mainly used for disinfection and sterilization in the breeding industry. The characteristic of slow-release formaldehyde allows it to continuously release formaldehyde for a long period of time, effectively killing bacteria and microorganisms in the environment. This characteristic makes polyformaldehyde an ideal disinfectant and sterilizer in the aquaculture industry.
Improving the breeding environment:
Through disinfection and sterilization, the breeding environment can be significantly improved, reducing the growth of bacteria and microorganisms, thereby reducing the incidence of animal diseases. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde can also reduce odors in aquaculture environments, improve animal comfort and growth efficiency.
Poultry Farming
Poultry farming is one of the most widely used fields. Here are some specific application examples:

(1) Disinfection of chicken coop
In chicken coops, it is often used as a fumigation disinfectant. By heating and evaporating polyformaldehyde solids, a large amount of formaldehyde vapor can be generated to disinfect the air and surfaces inside the chicken coop. This method can effectively kill bacteria and microorganisms in the chicken coop, reducing the incidence of diseases in the chicken flock. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde fumigation can also reduce the odor inside the chicken coop and improve the comfort of the chicken flock.
Application example: In the summer high temperature season, a large chicken farm adopted the method of polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection to prevent diseases in the chicken flock caused by high temperature and humid environment. After three consecutive days of fumigation and disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the chicken coop significantly decreased, and the health status of the chicken flock was significantly improved.
(2) Incubation room disinfection
The incubation room is an important place during the hatching process of chicken chicks. Due to the humid and high temperature environment inside the incubation room, it is easy to breed various bacteria and microorganisms. Therefore, it is very important to disinfect the incubation room before hatching. Polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection is an effective method that can kill bacteria and microorganisms in the incubation room, providing a good environment for the healthy growth of chicken seedlings.
Application example: A poultry breeding center used polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection method to disinfect the hatching room before hatching. After disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the incubation room significantly decreased, and the hatching and survival rates of chicken seedlings were significantly improved.
Livestock breeding
In livestock farming, it also plays an important role. Here are some specific application examples:
(1) Pig house disinfection
A pigsty is an important place in the process of raising pigs. Due to the humid environment and accumulation of feces in the pigsty, various bacteria and microorganisms are prone to breed. Therefore, Paraformaldehyde powder is very important to regularly disinfect the pigsty. Polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection is an effective method that can kill bacteria and microorganisms in pig pens, reducing the incidence of diseases in pig herds.
Application example: In the summer high temperature season, a large pig farm adopted the method of polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection to prevent diseases in the pig herd caused by high temperature and humid environment. After five consecutive days of fumigation and disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the pigsty significantly decreased, and the health status of the pig herd was significantly improved. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde fumigation can also reduce the odor inside the pigsty and improve the comfort of the pig herd.

(2) Disinfection of dairy farms
Dairy farms are important places for dairy production. Due to the complex environment of dairy farms, it is easy to breed various bacteria and microorganisms. Therefore, regular disinfection of dairy farms is very important. Polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection is an effective method that can kill bacteria and microorganisms in dairy farms, reducing the incidence of cow diseases. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde can also reduce odors in dairy farms and improve the comfort of cows.
Application example: In the humid season of spring, a large dairy farm adopted the method of polyformaldehyde fumigation disinfection to prevent cows from developing diseases due to the humid environment. After seven consecutive days of fumigation and disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the dairy farm significantly decreased, and the health status of the cows was significantly improved. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde fumigation can also reduce odors in dairy farms and improve the production efficiency of cows.
aquaculture
In aquaculture, it also has a wide range of applications. Here are some specific application examples:

(1) Disinfection of fish ponds
Fish ponds are important places in aquaculture. Due to the complex environment inside fish ponds, it is easy for various bacteria and microorganisms to breed. Therefore, regular disinfection of fish ponds is very important. Fish ponds can be disinfected by sprinkling or soaking, killing bacteria and microorganisms in the pond and reducing the incidence of fish diseases.
Application example: In the summer high temperature season, a certain aquaculture base used polyformaldehyde to disinfect the fish ponds in order to prevent diseases caused by high temperature and hypoxia. After disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the fish pond significantly decreased, and the health status of the fish was significantly improved. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde can also reduce odors in fish ponds and improve water quality.
(2) Disinfection of shrimp and crab breeding ponds
Shrimp and crab aquaculture ponds are also prone to breeding various bacteria and microorganisms. Therefore, it is very important to regularly disinfect shrimp and crab breeding ponds. Disinfect shrimp and crab breeding ponds by sprinkling or soaking, killing bacteria and microorganisms in the ponds and reducing the incidence of shrimp and crab diseases.
Application example: During the autumn water change season, a shrimp and crab breeding farm used polyformaldehyde to disinfect the pond in order to prevent diseases caused by changes in water quality. After disinfection, the number of bacteria and microorganisms in the aquaculture pond significantly decreased, and the health status of shrimp and crabs was significantly improved. Meanwhile, polyformaldehyde can also reduce odors in aquaculture ponds, improve water quality, and enhance the growth efficiency of shrimp and crabs.
Basic applications in the field of chemical engineering
As a polymer of formaldehyde, it has unique physical and chemical properties, making it widely used in the chemical industry. Its basic applications mainly include the following aspects:
Production of thermoplastic:
Main application: Widely used in the production of polyoxymethylene resin (POM), also known as polyacetal. POM has excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, and self-lubricating properties, making it an ideal material for manufacturing gears, bearings, sliders, and other precision mechanical parts.
Application example: In automobile manufacturing, POM is used to manufacture engine components, transmission system components, and interior parts. Its wear resistance and self-lubricating properties make POM have a longer service life and lower maintenance costs in automotive components.
Synthetic resin:
Main application: Paraformaldehyde powder can react with other compounds to generate water-insoluble resins, such as phenolic resin and melamine resin. These resins have excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and are widely used in electronics, automotive, and building materials.
Application example: In the electronics industry, phenolic resin is used to manufacture integrated circuit boards, electronic component packaging, and insulation materials. Melamine resin is widely used in the manufacturing of kitchen and bathroom furniture due to its excellent heat and water resistance.


Coatings and adhesives:
Main use: As a crosslinking agent, it can improve the hardness, water resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance of coatings and adhesives.
Application example: In the construction industry, coatings and adhesives using polyformaldehyde as a crosslinking agent are widely used for bonding and decoration of building materials such as wood, gypsum board, and concrete. These coatings and adhesives not only improve the durability of building materials, but also enhance their aesthetics.
Advanced applications in the field of chemical engineering
In addition to basic applications, there are many advanced applications in the chemical industry that further demonstrate the unique properties and wide application value of polyformaldehyde.
Pesticide synthesis:
Main use: It is an important raw material for synthesizing various pesticides, such as acetochlor, butachlor, and glyphosate. These pesticides are of great significance in controlling weeds and protecting crops in agricultural production.
Application example: In agricultural production, the use of synthetic pesticides can effectively control weed growth in farmland, improve crop yield and quality. For example, acetochlor is widely used in weed control operations for crops such as corn, soybeans, and cotton.

Paper industry:
Main use: It can be used as a synthetic paper reinforcement agent, which can improve the strength and durability of paper.
Application example: In the paper industry, paper reinforced with it has better tear resistance and wear resistance, and is therefore widely used in the production of books, newspapers, packaging paper and other products.
Foundry industry:
Main use: It can be used as a raw material for sand turning and film stripping agents and casting adhesives, helping to improve the quality and production efficiency of casting products.
Application example: In the casting industry, casting products using paraformaldehyde powder as a sand turning and film stripping agent and casting adhesive have better dimensional accuracy and surface quality. These products are widely used in fields such as automotive, aerospace, and mechanical manufacturing.

Organic chemical raw materials:
Main uses: It can also be used to prepare organic chemical raw materials such as pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, alkylphenol, methyl vinyl ketone, etc.
Application examples: These organic chemical raw materials have a wide range of applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, coating, plastic and other fields. For example, pentaerythritol is widely used in the production of alkyd resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, etc; Trimethylolpropane is used to manufacture alkyd resin, polyurethane foam and coatings.

In most chemical drug catalogs, polyformaldehyde powder is often described low-key as a "linear polymer of formaldehyde", a stable solid source of formaldehyde. It appears as a white, amorphous powder or sheet with its characteristic pungent odor. However, behind this seemingly simple substance lies a history of chemical discoveries and applications spanning nearly two centuries. Its story runs parallel and extends to the story of formaldehyde itself, witnessing the deepening of chemists' understanding of molecular behavior and the outstanding ability of the industry to translate theory into practice.
The historical roots of polyformaldehyde are deeply rooted in the discovery of formaldehyde. In 1859, young Russian chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov first isolated and identified a new aldehyde substance during the experiment of calcium formate dry distillation. However, the usual honor goes to Russian chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (then working at the Royal College of Chemistry in the UK), whose team conducted more systematic and extensive research on formaldehyde between 1859 and 1867, and finally clarified its chemical formula as HCHO in 1868, giving it the name "Formaldehyde" (formaldehyde), derived from the Latin word "formica" (ant), because ants are an early source of formic acid, which can be considered a reduction product of formic acid.
When Hoffman and his contemporaries studied the properties of formaldehyde aqueous solution (i.e. formalin), a peculiar and troubling phenomenon was quickly noticed: formaldehyde is extremely unstable and tends to undergo a peculiar transformation. Pure formaldehyde gas or concentrated solution will gradually become turbid during storage, especially at low temperatures, and eventually precipitate as a white, flocculent, or powdery solid precipitate. This substance is insoluble in water and can dissociate and release formaldehyde gas again when heated.
For chemists in the 19th century, this phenomenon was both mysterious and tricky. They initially did not understand the essence of this white precipitate. It is considered a "modified" form or an "addition compound" of formaldehyde. This mysterious white solid is exactly what we know today as polyformaldehyde. Its discovery did not stem from purposeful synthesis, but from observation of the instability of formaldehyde itself. It can be said that polyformaldehyde was accidentally encountered by chemists during their attempt to tame formaldehyde.
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