Sodium Borohydride Powder CAS 16940-66-2

Sodium borohydride powder is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of NaBH4. It is a white to grayish white crystalline powder with strong hygroscopicity. Its alkaline solution is brownish yellow. It is one of the most commonly used reducing agents. Soluble in water, liquid ammonia and amine, soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, insoluble in ether, benzene and hydrocarbon. It is stable in dry air, decomposes in wet air, and also decomposes when heated at 500 ℃. Normally, sodium borohydride cannot reduce esters, amides, carboxylic acids and nitriles, but when the carbonyl group of esters α The ester can be reduced in the presence of heteroatoms. It is usually used as reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones and acyl chlorides, foaming agent for plastic industry, bleach for paper making, and hydrogenation agent for manufacturing dihydrostreptomycin in pharmaceutical industry.

It is listed in the Directory of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals and controlled according to the Measures for Public Security Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals.

1. Sodium borohydride powder can be used as reductant of aldehydes, ketones and acyl chlorides, intermediate of potassium borohydride, and raw material of ethane and other high-energy fuels.

2. It is used as a foaming agent in the plastic industry, a treatment agent for mercury containing sewage in the paper industry, a bleaching agent for paper making, and a hydrogenation agent for manufacturing dihydrostreptomycin in the pharmaceutical industry.

3. The hydrogen of sodium borohydride has a valence of - 1 here. It has strong reducibility and can reduce inorganic substances with certain oxidability. It is mainly used for the reduction of - COOH to - CH2OH in organic synthesis, and is known as a "universal reductant". Its performance is stable and selective during restore.

4. Sodium borohydride provides organic chemists with a very convenient and mild means to reduce aldehydes and ketones. Before this, the carbonyl compounds are usually reduced by metal/alcohol method, while sodium borohydride can achieve the reduction of aldehyde ketone carbonyl groups under very mild conditions to generate primary alcohols and secondary alcohols.

5. As a reducing agent, sodium borohydride can be used for electroless plating of non-ferrous metals, especially for electroless nickel plating. The most commonly used reducing agent for electroless nickel plating is sodium hypophosphite, and the nickel plated with this reducing agent is mainly nickel phosphorus alloy. The nickel boron alloy is obtained by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent, but the boron content in the coating is far less than the phosphorus content of the coating with another reducing agent. In electroless plating, theoretically, the amount of nickel that can be reduced by sodium borohydride per unit substance is four times that of sodium hypophosphite, and the addition amount is far less than that of sodium hypophosphite. However, sodium borohydride is easy to decompose, so it is necessary to keep the bath pH above 12, otherwise the bath will become invalid, and the accumulation of sodium metaborate, the oxidation product of sodium borohydride, will also have a negative impact on the bath.

Sodium borohydride powder can be prepared in two ways.

Wet process: boric acid reacts with methanol to methyl borate; Metal sodium reacts with hydrogen to sodium hydride; Metal sodium reacts with methyl borate to obtain sodium borohydride:

H₃BO₃+3CH₃OH → B(OCH₃)₃+3H₂O+2Na+H₂ → 2NaH₄NaH+B(OCH₃) ₃ → NaBH₄+3CH₃ONa

Dry method: Borax and quartz sand react under high temperature melting to generate sodium borosilicate, and hydrogen and metal sodium are introduced under high temperature and pressure to generate sodium borohydride and sodium silicate.

1.Reduction of carbonyl compounds

• It can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols.
• Ester compounds can also be reduced in alcohol solvents.
• In alcohol solvents, it can also reduce ester compounds.
• Sodium borohydride also has a reducing effect on amide bonds, similar to the degradation of polypeptide chains.

2.Selective Reduction:

Although this substance has strong reducibility, it exhibits reduction selectivity under certain conditions. For example, it can selectively reduce aldehydes to alcohols in the presence of ketones.

3.Reduction of double and triple bonds:

It can reduce carbon nitrogen double bonds or alkynes. For example, alkyne compounds are reduced to olefins under the action of sodium borohydride, and the resulting olefins are not further reduced by sodium borohydride.

4.Reaction with halogenated hydrocarbons:

In the presence of transition metal catalysts, halogenated hydrocarbons can be converted into alkanes. This reaction may have undergone a free radical process.

5.The generation of hydrogen:

It can efficiently produce hydrogen through catalytic hydrolysis in aqueous solution, providing a controlled and safe method for hydrogen release, which is crucial for portable and fixed power applications.

6.Reaction with acid:

Its acid hydrolysis usually involves gradually adding acid from an aqueous solution to a solid powder. This method has several advantages, including generating dry hydrogen gas, easy control of hydrogen gas production, and environmentally friendly by-products generated by the reaction.

7.Reduction of organic mercury compounds:

This substance is also widely used to reduce organic mercury compounds to produce corresponding hydrocarbons.

Sodium borohydride powder is a chemical substance with significant hazards, and its hazards and storage methods are as follows：

1.Dangerousness

(1)Health hazards:

• Strongly irritate mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. After inhalation, it can be fatal due to inflammation, edema, spasms of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonia, or pulmonary edema. Oral administration can corrode the digestive tract.
• After contact with it, symptoms such as sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, conjunctival congestion, and pain may occur.

(2)Explosive hazard:

• Flammable when wet, toxic, and highly irritating. Exposure to water, humid air, acids, oxidants, high heat, and open flames can cause combustion. The combustion (decomposition) products include boron oxide and hydrogen gas.
• At room temperature, it rapidly reacts with methanol to generate hydrogen gas, and the reaction is intense.

2.Storage method

(1)Environment

• Store in a cool, dry, and well ventilated warehouse.
• Stay away from sources of fire and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 25 ℃ (some say it should not exceed 30 ℃), and the relative humidity should not exceed 75%.

(2)Containers and packaging

• Keep the container sealed.
• It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, alcohols, and edible chemicals, and avoid mixing storage.

(3)Facilities and equipment

• Adopt explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities.
• Prohibit the use of mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to generating sparks.
• The storage room should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaked materials.

(4)Operation and protection

• Operators must undergo specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures.
• It is recommended that operators wear dust masks (full face shields), rubber protective clothing, and rubber gloves.
• Implement pre employment and regular medical examinations.
• Equip with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks.

(5)Emergency Management

• Isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. Cut off the fire source.
• It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and protective clothing. Mix with sand, dry lime or soda ash, carefully sweep and transfer to a safe place.
• If there is a large amount of leakage, cover it with plastic cloth or canvas, collect and recycle it, or transport it to a waste disposal site for disposal.

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