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Pure sodium oleate, white to slightly yellow powder or light brown yellow coarse powder. Soluble in water and easily soluble in ethanol. It is an organic oil with the chemical formula of C17H33CO2Na and CAS 143-19-1. Sodium acetate is the main component of soap made from olive oil and other soaps, and it is also the main component of tallow soap. It can also be prepared by reacting sodium hydroxide with oleic acid. It is a compound composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. It has excellent emulsifying power, permeability and decontamination power and good solubility in hot water. It is used as anionic surfactant and fabric waterproof agent.
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Chemical Formula |
C18H33NaO2 |
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Exact Mass |
304 |
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Molecular Weight |
304 |
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m/z |
304 (100.0%), 305 (19.5%), 306 (1.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 71.01; H, 10.93; Na, 7.55; O, 10.51 |
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Sodium oleate (chemical formula C18H33NaO2), as an anionic surfactant, has shown wide application value in multiple industrial fields due to its unique molecular structure (hydrophobic chain containing 18 carbon atoms and carboxylic acid hydrophilic groups). Its core functions include emulsification, dispersion, wetting, decontamination, and antibacterial, and the raw materials can come from renewable resources (such as vegetable oil), which is both environmentally friendly and economical.
1. Soap and cleaning products
Pure sodium oleate is the core ingredient of natural oil soap (such as olive oil soap, beef fat soap), which removes skin dirt by emulsifying oil while maintaining product mildness. Its foam is rich and durable, which meets the needs of consumers for cleaning power and skin feeling. In shampoo and shower gel, the viscosity of the product can be adjusted to enhance its wetting properties on hair and skin, reducing irritation. For example, by adding 2% sodium oleate to a brand of baby shampoo, the amount of foam increases by 40%, and there is no residual feeling after rinsing.
2. Detergent
As an active ingredient in household cleaning products such as dishwashing detergent and laundry detergent, it can effectively break down oil and protein stains. Its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is as low as 0.01mol/L, which can form a stable lotion at low concentration and reduce water consumption. In industrial cleaning agents, when combined with sodium carbonate, the removal rate of oil stains on metal surfaces reaches 98%, and there is no corrosion to metals such as aluminum and copper.
1. Emulsifier
Form stable emulsions in foods such as margarine, ice cream, and salad dressings to prevent oil-water separation. Its hydrophile lipophilic balance (HLB) is 18-20, which is suitable for preparing oil in water lotion. For example, in ice cream production, adding 0.5% sodium oleate can increase the expansion rate by 15% and make the taste more delicate.
2. Coating agents and preservatives
After being compounded with ethylene oxide and high boron fatty alcohols, it can be used as a film on the surface of fruits and vegetables to delay oxidative deterioration. Experiments have shown that apples coated with sodium oleate film have a shelf life extended by 7 days and a weight loss rate reduced by 30% at room temperature. Its antibacterial properties (with an inhibition rate of 85% against Escherichia coli) further ensure food safety.
Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics: multifunctional carriers with biocompatibility
1. Drug delivery system
As an emulsifier, Pure sodium oleate can encapsulate fat soluble drugs (such as vitamin D and hormones) to form nanoemulsions, improving drug stability and bioavailability. For example, after stabilizing a certain anti-cancer drug nanoemulsion with sodium oleate, the peak blood concentration increased by 2 times and the half-life was extended by 3 hours.
2. Cosmetics formula
In lotion and face cream, the active ingredients (such as vitamin C and hyaluronic acid) are evenly dispersed by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water to improve the penetration efficiency. Its silky texture originates from the directional arrangement of molecular chains on the surface of the skin, forming a protective film. By adding 1.5% sodium oleate to a high-end face cream, the skin moisturizing degree is increased by 25%, and there is no risk of acne.
1. Precision cleaning
The cleaning effect on precision components such as semiconductors and optical devices is significant, and sub micron particles can be removed. After compounding with isopropanol, the removal rate of pollutants on the surface of silicon wafers reached 99.9%, with no residue.
2. Metal corrosion inhibition and processing aids
In neutral or acidic solutions, it adsorbs onto metal surfaces to form a protective film, preventing corrosion of aluminum, iron, copper, and other materials. For example, in the steel pickling process, adding 0.1% sodium oleate can reduce the corrosion rate by 80%. As a cutting fluid additive, sodium oleate can reduce the friction coefficient to 0.05 and extend tool life by 30%.
Textile industry: key additives for functional modification
1. Dyeing and Printing
As a dispersant, it evenly suspends dye particles in the dye solution to avoid color spots. In reactive dyeing, adding 2% sodium oleate can increase the dye uptake by 15% and achieve a color fastness of 4-5 levels.
2. Fabric waterproofing and softening treatment
After compounding with organosilicon, a hydrophobic layer can be formed on the surface of the fabric, with a contact angle of 120 °, and the waterproof level is improved to IPX4. At the same time, its long chain structure gives the fabric a soft hand feel, and in the post-treatment process of a certain denim fabric, the bending stiffness of the treated fabric is reduced by 40%.
1. Waterproof coating and sealant
Sodium oleate penetrates into the capillary pores of concrete and reacts with calcium ions to form insoluble precipitates, blocking the water infiltration channels. The experiment showed that the anti permeability pressure of concrete coated with sodium oleate reached 1.5 MPa, which is three times that of ordinary concrete.
2. Foaming agent for foam concrete
As a foam stabilizer, it can stabilize the porosity of foam concrete at 60% -80%, reduce the density to 300kg/m ³, and improve the thermal insulation performance by 50%. In the production of a lightweight partition board, after adding 0.3% sodium oleate, the compressive strength of the product reached 5MPa, meeting the requirements of building codes.
Plastic and Rubber: Green Additives for Performance Optimization
1. Plasticizer
Can replace some phthalate plasticizers for PVC film production. Its migration rate is as low as 0.1% and there is no toxic risk. Adding 5% pure sodium oleate to PVC film increases the elongation at break by 20% and the cold resistance reaches -30 ℃.
2. Rubber dispersant
In tire manufacturing, the dispersion of carbon black can be improved, resulting in a 10% increase in rubber tensile strength and a 15% increase in wear resistance. After adding 2% sodium oleate to the formula of a certain all steel radial tire, the rolling resistance decreased by 8%, which meets the A-level standard of the EU labeling regulation.
1. Tertiary oil recovery and displacement agent
By compounding with KCl to form worm like micelles, the interfacial tension between oil and water can be reduced to 0.1mN/m, and the recovery rate can be increased by 8% -12%. The experiment in Daqing Oilfield showed that after using sodium oleate oil displacement agent, the daily oil production of a single well increased by 2.3 tons, and the water content decreased by 7 percentage points.
2. Piperonyl butoxide
As a spreading agent, it can reduce the surface tension of the medicine and increase the adhesion of leaves. The experiment in Jiangxi rice base showed that the insecticide formula containing 2.6% sodium oleate increased the relative sedimentation by 35% compared to ordinary formulations.
After being compounded with organosilicon, the penetration rate of pesticides is increased by 60%, and the onset time of drugs is shortened.
3. Functionalization of nanomaterials
Sodium oleate can uniformly disperse multi walled carbon nanotubes in water through π - π conjugation, with a solubility of 1.5mg/mL. Functionalized carbon nanotubes can serve as anchoring centers for quantum dots, which can be used to prepare high-sensitivity sensors with detection limits as low as ppb.
Synthetic method of sodium oleate:
It is neutralized with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the ethanol solution of oleic acid. 10 g oleic acid can be dissolved in 100 mL 95% ethanol, and then titrated with 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, with phenolphthalein as the indicator. After reaching the equivalency point, the precipitated sodium oleate soap is filtered out. If there is no precipitation, ethanol and water can also be evaporated to obtain crude products, which can be recrystallized with ethanol ether mixed solvent.
Pure sodium oleate forbidden:
According to the regulations, sodium oleate cannot be used as a food additive. Illegal traders use sodium oleate to make gelatin have a better viscosity in alkaline environment and increase the sense of smoothness. Too much sodium is inhaled by the human body, which is easy to cause hypertension and has an impact on the heart.
Sodium oleate is an anionic surfactant. According to the provisions of the Food Safety Law, this ingredient does not appear in the national food safety standard GB2760-2011 for the use of food additives, that is, sodium oleate is not a food additive and a new resource food, but a non edible substance that cannot be used in food.
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