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Dodine, also known as dodecylguanidine acetate, CAS 2439-10-3, Molecular formula C15H33N3O2, white powder, soluble in water and alcohol, stable under normal temperature and pressure, avoiding oxide contact. It is a widely used surfactant. It is mainly used as a low toxicity fungicide to prevent and control diseases of fruit trees and vegetables, mainly for protection, rather than no internal absorption. The sterilization mechanism is to destroy the permeability of cells, resulting in the extravasation of cell contents and cell death. Duoguoding can control a variety of major mold diseases on fruit trees, vegetables, nuts, ornamental plants and shade trees. In addition, it is used for disinfection and sterilization of industrial water treatment agents, detergents, seed treatment agents, women's and children's articles and food packaging.
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Chemical Formula |
C15H33N3O2 |
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Exact Mass |
287 |
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Molecular Weight |
287 |
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m/z |
287 (100.0%), 288 (16.2%), 289 (1.2%), 288 |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 62.68; H, 11.57; N, 14.62; O, 11.13 |
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Melting point 136 ° C, Boiling point 429.73 ° C (rough estimate), Density 0.9636 (rough estimate), Vapor pressure 5 x 10-6 PA (20 ° C, est.), Refractive index 1.6500 (estimate), Flash point >100 ° C, Storage condition 0-6 ° C, Water solubility 630 mg L-1 (25 ° C), Acidity coefficient (PKA) >13 (strong base), Morphological neat, Merck 13,3442, BRN 6546960, Dangerous goods sign xn; N,N,Xn, Hazard category code 22-36/38-50/53, Safety instructions 26-60-61, Dangerous goods transport No. UN 3077, WGK Germany 3,RTECS No. mf1750000.
Synthetic Dodine: in this method, guanidine hydrochloride is used as the starting material to react with chlorododecane to prepare intermediate a, then a strong alkali aqueous solution is added to intermediate a for reaction, then glacial acetic acid is added for reaction, and post-treatment is carried out to prepare the target product polygoxine. The synthetic method has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, few reaction steps, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high yield, and is an environment-friendly synthetic method. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale industrial production and has good application prospects and market potential.
Dodin, also known as dodecyl guanidine acetate, is a broad-spectrum non systemic protective fungicide. Since its first introduction to the market by Cyanamid in 1956, it has been widely used in various fields due to its unique chemical properties and bactericidal effects.
(1) Prevention and control of fruit tree diseases
Plays an important role in the prevention and control of fruit tree diseases. It is mainly used to prevent and control various fungal diseases on fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, olives, etc., such as black spot disease, leaf spot disease, anthracnose disease, etc. These diseases can seriously affect the growth and quality of fruit trees, and they can prevent and control diseases by disrupting the permeability of fungal cell membranes, causing the leakage of intracellular and extracellular contents. The specific dosage (active ingredient) is generally 250-1500 grams per hectare, adjusted appropriately according to the severity of the disease and the growth stage of the fruit tree.
(2) Prevention and control of vegetable diseases
In vegetable cultivation, it also has significant prevention and control effects. It can be used to prevent and control diseases such as early blight, anthracnose, and soft rot on vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and eggplants. These diseases not only lead to reduced vegetable yields, but also affect the quality and commodity value of vegetables. By inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi, reducing the harm of diseases to vegetables, and ensuring the healthy growth of vegetables. In the prevention and control of vegetable diseases, the dosage and method of use are similar to those of fruit tree disease prevention, but need to be adjusted appropriately according to the type and growth stage of vegetables.
(3) Disease prevention and control of ornamental plants and shade trees
Dodine is also suitable for the prevention and control of various major fungal diseases on ornamental plants and shaded trees, such as leaf spot disease, brown spot disease, etc. These diseases can damage the leaves and branches of plants, affecting their appearance and growth. Duoguoding protects plants from diseases and maintains their health and beauty through its bactericidal effect. In the prevention and control of diseases in ornamental plants and shade trees, the dosage and method of using Duoguoding should be adjusted appropriately according to the type and growth environment of the plants.
(4) Seed processing
Can be used as a seed treatment agent to disinfect and sterilize seeds. Before sowing, soaking the seeds in a solution containing an appropriate amount of this substance can effectively kill bacteria and insect eggs on the surface of the seeds, and improve the germination and survival rates of the seeds. Meanwhile, the treated seeds can also acquire certain disease resistance during the growth process, reducing the occurrence of diseases.
(1) Industrial water treatment agent
Can be used as an industrial water treatment agent in water systems of industrial and civilian facilities such as water tanks, cooling towers, cooling pipes, swimming pools, etc. It can effectively inhibit the growth of various forms of algae and microorganisms in open systems, maintaining clean and stable water quality. In industrial water treatment, the effect of killing bacteria and algae is achieved by disrupting the cell membrane structure of microorganisms and interfering with their normal physiological metabolic processes. The dosage should be adjusted appropriately according to the water quality and the scale of the water treatment system.
(2) Microbial stabilized oil-water emulsion production
It is also an effective growth inhibitor for seaweed like organisms, playing an important role in the production of microbial stable oil-water emulsions. In the production process of oil-water emulsions, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms can lead to the deterioration and failure of the emulsion. Adding can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms, extend the shelf life and effectiveness of emulsions.
(3) Treatment of salt special processing water
In the special processing of table salt, it can be used to treat processing water and prevent microbial contamination. In the process of salt processing, the hygiene quality of the processing water directly affects the quality and safety of salt. By its bactericidal effect, it ensures the hygiene quality of processed water and guarantees the quality and safety of table salt.
Detergent and personal care field
(1) Ingredients of detergent
Can be used as a detergent ingredient to help wash and care for hair. In personal care products such as shampoo and conditioner, the addition of can enhance the cleaning effect of the product while protecting hair from bacteria and fungi. Its gentle formula does not cause irritation to the hair and scalp, making it suitable for people of all hair types to use.
(2) Antibacterial shampoo and conditioner
With the increasing emphasis on personal hygiene and health, the market demand for antibacterial shampoo and conditioner is also growing. As a broad-spectrum fungicide, it is widely used in the production of antibacterial shampoo and conditioner. These products, by adding Duoguoding, can effectively kill bacteria and fungi on the scalp and hair, prevent problems such as dandruff and scalp itching, and maintain the health and cleanliness of hair.
(1) Disinfection and sterilization treatment of food packaging
Can be used for disinfection and sterilization of food packaging paper to ensure product hygiene and safety. The hygiene quality of packaging materials directly affects the quality and safety of food during the food packaging process. Through its bactericidal effect, it effectively kills bacteria and microorganisms on the surface of packaging materials, preventing food from being contaminated during the packaging process.
(2) Disinfection of food processing equipment
The hygiene condition of processing equipment is also crucial in the food processing process. Can be used for disinfection of food processing equipment, killing bacteria and microorganisms on the surface of the equipment, and preventing cross contamination of food during processing. Its efficient sterilization performance and stability make Duoguoding an ideal choice for disinfection of food processing equipment.
(3) Food storage and transportation disinfection
Proper disinfection is also necessary during food storage and transportation to prevent food spoilage and contamination. It can be used for disinfection of food storage warehouses and transportation vehicles, killing bacteria and microorganisms in the environment, providing a safe and hygienic storage and transportation environment for food.
Wood protection field
(1) Wood moth prevention
Wood is easily damaged by insects during storage and use. Duoguoding is an effective moth inhibitor for woolen fabrics and can also be used for wood protection. Dodine can be applied to the surface or interior of wood by filling, dipping or spray to kill pests in wood or inhibit their growth and reproduction, and protect wood from insects. Compared with traditional wood moth inhibitors, Duoguoding has the advantages of less irritation, stable chemical properties, and less impact on wood and the environment.
(2) Wood anti-corrosion
In addition to its anti moth effect, it can also have a certain anti-corrosion effect. It can inhibit the growth of microorganisms in wood and prevent wood from rotting and deteriorating due to microbial erosion. Adding an appropriate amount during wood processing and storage can prolong the service life of wood and improve its quality and value.
(1) Surface disinfection of hospitals
One of the most important uses developed by ICI Pan American is for surface disinfection in hospitals. In the hospital environment, the presence of various bacteria and microorganisms can pose a threat to the health of patients. Through its broad-spectrum bactericidal performance, it effectively kills bacteria and microorganisms in the hospital environment, reduces the risk of cross infection, and ensures the safety of patients.
(2) Disinfection of medical devices
It also plays an important role in the disinfection process of medical devices. Medical devices come into contact with biological samples such as blood and body fluids of patients during use, making them susceptible to contamination by bacteria and microorganisms. Can be used for soaking disinfection or wiping disinfection of medical devices, killing bacteria and microorganisms on the surface of the devices, ensuring the hygiene quality of medical devices.
(3) Skin disinfection and care
It can also be used for skin disinfection and care. Before surgery, injection, and other medical procedures, it is necessary to disinfect the patient's skin to prevent infection. As a mild disinfectant, it can be used for skin disinfection without causing irritation or damage to the skin. At the same time, in some skin care products, an appropriate amount of Duoguoding is also added to exert its bactericidal and preservative effects, protecting the health of the skin.
Other fields
(1) Textile industry
In the textile industry, it can be used as an antibacterial finishing agent for fabrics. By adding antibacterial agents containing it to the spinning solution to make antibacterial fibers, or performing antibacterial treatment during the fabric finishing process, the fabric can have long-lasting antibacterial properties. This antibacterial textile can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria and mold, reduce odor production, and improve the hygiene performance of fabrics. It is widely used in underwear, bedding, infant clothing, medical textiles and other fields.
(2) Leather industry
In the leather industry, it can be used for anti mold treatment of leather. Leather is susceptible to mold and deterioration during storage and use. Through its bactericidal effect, it effectively kills mold and microorganisms on the surface of leather, prevents leather from mold, and extends the service life of leather.
(3) Paper industry
In the paper industry, Dodine can be used as a paper strength improver. It can interact with paper fibers, increase the bonding force between fibers, and improve the tensile strength and water resistance of paper. The paper processed with Duoguoding is more durable during printing, writing, and other processes, less prone to breakage and deformation, and can meet the quality requirements of different paper applications.
adverse reaction
Dodine (up to one, usually referring to duloxetine hydrochloride) is a commonly used antidepressant drug, belonging to the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Although it has significant therapeutic effects in treating depression, anxiety, and chronic pain, like other medications, it may also trigger a series of adverse reactions. The following is a detailed explanation of its adverse reactions:
Common adverse reactions
Gastrointestinal reactions
Nausea: This is one of the most common side effects of Dodine, especially evident in the early stages of medication. Nausea may be accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, stomach pain, and indigestion, which can affect the patient's appetite and daily life. Nausea usually appears in the first few days or weeks after taking medication and gradually decreases as the body adapts to the medication.
Diarrhea or constipation: Some patients may experience gastrointestinal dysfunction symptoms such as diarrhea or constipation. These symptoms may be related to the effects of medication on gastrointestinal smooth muscle.
Neurological symptoms
Dizziness and vertigo: Dodine may cause dizziness and vertigo, especially when suddenly standing or changing positions. This may be related to the effects of drugs on blood pressure and cerebral blood vessels.
Tremor and fatigue: Some patients may experience symptoms such as tremor and fatigue, which affect their daily life and work ability. These symptoms may be related to the effects of medication on neurotransmitters.
Peripheral neuropathy: Long term use of Dodine may lead to peripheral neuropathy, manifested as decreased sensation, numbness, or tingling. This may be related to the toxic effects of drugs on nerve endings.
Sleep disorders: including insomnia and drowsiness. Insomnia may be caused by the excitatory effect of drugs on the central nervous system, while drowsiness may be related to the inhibitory effect of drugs on the awakening system.
Systemic reactions
Weight changes: Dodine may affect the patient's weight. During short-term use, due to the increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) energy, the activation of 5-HT receptors increases satiety, while the increase in norepinephrine (NE) can cause anorexia and insomnia, and stimulate receptors on adipocytes to promote fat breakdown, patients may experience weight loss. However, when taken for a long time, patients may experience weight gain as the body adapts to the medication and desensitizes neurotransmitter receptors.
Joint pain and back pain: Some patients may experience symptoms such as joint pain and back pain, which may be related to the effects of medication on the musculoskeletal system.
Fever: In rare cases, Dodine may cause systemic reactions such as fever. This may be related to immune or allergic reactions caused by medication.
Psychological and psychological reactions
Anxiety: Dodine may cause or exacerbate anxiety symptoms, especially in the early stages of medication. This may be related to the regulatory effect of drugs on the central nervous system.
Depressive mood swings: Although Dodine is primarily used to treat depression, in some cases, it may also cause fluctuations in depressive mood. This may be related to the transient effects of drugs on neurotransmitter balance.
Illusion and Mania: In rare cases, Dodine may cause severe psychological reactions such as hallucinations and mania. This may be related to the excessive stimulation of the central nervous system by drugs.
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