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Trimethylstearylammonium chloride, molecular formula C21H46ClN, CAS 112-03-8, White paste like or colorless liquid, easily soluble in water. It has excellent stability, surface activity, emulsification, sterilization, disinfection, softness, anti-static and other properties. Widely used in asphalt emulsification, waterproof coating emulsification, silicone oil emulsification, hair conditioner cosmetics emulsification and conditioning, fabric fiber softening and anti-static, organic bentonite modification, protein flocculation and water treatment flocculation in the biopharmaceutical industry, glass fiber softening treatment, nylon parachute surface anti burn treatment agent, bactericide, disinfectant, hair dye, etc. Generally, this product with an active ingredient greater than 34% is used as an asphalt emulsifier and soil waterproofing agent. Other specifications of octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride are used as synthetic fiber antistatic agents, oil paint cosmetic additives, hair conditioners, disinfectants, fabric fiber softeners, soft detergents, silicone oil emulsifiers, etc.
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Chemical Formula |
C21H46ClN |
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Exact Mass |
347 |
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Molecular Weight |
348 |
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m/z |
347 (100.0%), 349 (32.0%), 348 (22.7%), 350 (7.3%), 349 (2.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 72.47; H, 13.32; Cl, 10.19; N, 4.02 |
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Storage condition insert atmosphere, room temperature, PH value 5.5-8.5 (20 ℃, 0.05% in H2O), Soluble in water 1.759 mg/l @ 25 ° C, Maximum wavelength( λ max) λ: 225 nm Amax: ≤0.08, λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.06, λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.04, λ: 340 nm Amax: ≤0.02, BRN 3917847, Stable Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents., InChIKeyVBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Warning, Hazard description h302-h312, Precautions p280-p264-p270-p280h-p301+p312a-p321-p501a, Dangerous goods sign xn, Hazard category code 20/21/22-36/37/38-21/22, Safety instructions 26-36/37/39-37/39-36/37, WGK Germany 3, RTECS No. bt1750000, TSCA Yes.
Trimethylstearylammonium chloride (OTAC or 1831, CAS number 112-03-8) is a typical quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant with the molecular formula C21H46ClN, and appears as a white or pale yellow solid. With its unique molecular structure (combination of long-chain alkyl groups and quaternary ammonium salt groups), this compound exhibits excellent surface activity, emulsifying properties, flexibility, anti-static properties, and antibacterial properties, and is widely used in various fields such as industry, daily chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental protection.
1. Fabric softener
OTAC forms a lubricating layer by adsorbing onto the surface of fibers, reducing the friction coefficient between fibers and making the fabric feel fluffy and soft. Its cationic properties can neutralize negative charges on the fiber surface, reduce static electricity accumulation, and are particularly suitable for anti-static treatment of synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon. Experiments have shown that adding 0.5% -1% OTAC can reduce the static voltage of fabrics by more than 80%, while improving wrinkle resistance and resilience.
2. Leather Fatliquor
In leather processing, OTAC, as a fatliquor, can penetrate into the gaps between leather collagen fibers, forming an oil film to wrap the fibers, significantly improving the softness, ductility, and crack resistance of leather.
Its emulsifying properties can also promote uniform dispersion of oils and avoid local softening or hardening. A leather factory case shows that after using OTAC grease additive, the tear strength of leather is increased by 15%, and the bending fatigue life is extended by 30%.
3. Fiber modifier
OTAC can modify the surface of fibers through chemical bonding or physical adsorption, endowing them with special functions. For example, in the processing of nylon parachute fabric, OTAC can form a high-temperature resistant protective layer to prevent fiber melting caused by frictional heating during high-speed descent; In glass fiber processing, its anti-static performance can reduce electrostatic adsorption between fibers and improve weaving efficiency.
1. Hair conditioner conditioner
OTAC is one of the core components of hair conditioners, and its cationic groups can bind to damaged areas of hair (with negative charges) through electrostatic interactions, closing hair scales, reducing hair frizz, and improving smoothness and glossiness. Clinical tests have shown that hair conditioners containing 0.5% OTAC can reduce hair combing force by 40% and increase fracture strength by 25%. Please note that according to the "Cosmetic Safety Technical Specification (2015 Edition)", the total amount of OTAC added in cosmetics should not exceed 2.5% to avoid scalp irritation.
2. Anti static shampoo
In shampoo, Trimethylstearylammonium chloride can neutralize static electricity generated by friction during the washing process, preventing hair from scattering, especially suitable for dry seasons or fine soft hair. It needs to be added in stages or treated by encapsulation technology with anionic surfactants (such as sodium dodecyl sulfate) to avoid precipitation.
3. Shower gel and skincare products
The emulsifying properties of OTAC make it a stabilizer for the oil components in shower gel, while its antibacterial properties can extend the shelf life of the product. In skincare products, low concentration OTAC (0.1% -0.3%) can be used as a skin conditioner to improve the texture of dry and rough skin.
1. Asphalt emulsifier
OTAC is the core component of asphalt emulsification. Its long chain alkyl can be inserted into the gap between asphalt molecules. The quaternary ammonium group forms a stable interface facial mask with water, which disperses asphalt into tiny particles (1-10 μ m in diameter) to form an oil in water lotion. The lotion has the advantages of good fluidity, stable storage and convenient construction, and is widely used in road pavement, roof waterproofing and other fields. The case of a petrochemical enterprise shows that adding 3% OTAC asphalt lotion can reduce the construction temperature by 20 ℃ and energy consumption by 15%.
2. Silicone oil emulsifier
OTAC can emulsify high viscosity silicone oil into a stable aqueous system, which is used in cosmetics, textile auxiliaries, mold release agents, and other fields. Its emulsification efficiency is high, the formed lotion has uniform particle size (D50<2 μ m), and is resistant to shearing and high temperature (can withstand 120 ℃ short-time heating).
3. Organic bentonite modifier
The alkyl chain of OTAC can be inserted between the bentonite layers, expanding the interlayer spacing and enhancing its adsorption performance and dispersibility. Modified bentonite can be used as a thickener for paints and inks, or as a rheological modifier for drilling fluids to prevent wellbore collapse.
1. Water treatment flocculant
Trimethylstearylammonium chloride stabilizes suspended particles (such as sediment and organic matter) in water through electrical neutralization, and forms large particle flocs through bridging, accelerating sedimentation. Its flocculation efficiency is superior to traditional inorganic flocculants (such as aluminum sulfate), and the generated sludge has a small volume and good dewatering properties. A case study of a sewage treatment plant shows that after using OTAC, the COD removal rate increased by 20% and the effluent turbidity decreased to below 5NTU.
2. Antibacterial and algicidal agents
The quaternary ammonium salt group of OTAC can penetrate bacterial cell membranes, disrupt protein structures, and lead to cell death. Its killing efficiency against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, and algae is over 99%, and its effect is long-lasting (lasting for 72 hours). Widely used for disinfection treatment in swimming pools, industrial circulating water, hospital sewage and other scenarios.
1. Oilfield demulsifier
In crude oil exploitation, OTAC can destroy the stability of oil-water lotion and promote oil-water separation. Its mechanism includes neutralizing the interfacial charge of lotion, reducing the interfacial tension, and flocculating water droplets. A case study of an oil field shows that adding 0.05% OTAC can increase the dehydration rate of crude oil to 95% and reduce the water content to below 0.5%.
2. Mineral flotation agent
OTAC can selectively adsorb onto mineral surfaces to alter their hydrophobicity, thereby achieving the separation of minerals from gangue. For example, in phosphate ore flotation, OTAC can increase the grade of phosphate concentrate by 5% -10% and the recovery rate by 8% -12%.
Biomedical and Materials Science: Exploration of Frontier Applications
1. Protein flocculant
OTAC can bind with proteins through hydrophobic interactions, forming precipitable complexes for protein separation and purification in biopharmaceuticals. It has high flocculation efficiency and mild conditions (pH 6-8), which can avoid protein denaturation.2. Nanomaterial template agent
The alkyl chain of OTAC can serve as a sacrificial template to guide metal nanoparticles (such as gold and silver) to form specific morphologies (such as two-dimensional nanosheets).
By adjusting the concentration of OTAC, the size (5-50nm) and dispersibility of nanoparticles can be controlled.
3. Gene Vector
Recent studies have shown that OTAC can encapsulate DNA or RNA through electrostatic interactions, forming stable lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for the delivery of gene therapy drugs. Its transfection efficiency is superior to traditional vectors such as polyethyleneimine, and its cytotoxicity is lower.
Other fields: multifunctional auxiliary components
1. Disinfectant
OTAC has an inactivating effect on various viruses such as influenza virus and coronavirus, and can be used for disinfection of medical equipment and public places. Its 0.1% aqueous solution can kill 99.9% of viruses within 5 minutes.2. Phase transfer catalyst
In organic synthesis, OTAC can promote the transfer of reactants from one phase (such as aqueous phase) to another phase (such as organic phase), increasing reaction rate and yield.
For example, in esterification reactions, OTAC can shorten reaction time by 50% and increase yield by 15% -20%.
3. Mold inhibitor
OTAC can inhibit the growth of fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium, and is used for anti mold treatment of products such as coatings, adhesives, and textiles. Its anti mold grade can reach level 0 (the highest level), with a validity period of up to 2 years.
Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride has become a key chemical additive for cross industry applications due to its multifunctionality and high efficiency. In the future, with the development of green chemistry and nanotechnology, their application fields will be further expanded: for example, developing biodegradable OTAC derivatives to reduce environmental burden, or using their template effect to synthesize high-performance functional materials. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen in-depth research on its toxicity and environmental impact, formulate stricter usage standards, and ensure safe and sustainable application.
Trimethylstearylammonium chloride has good compatibility with cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants, excellent permeability, softness, emulsification, antistatic, biodegradability and bactericidal properties, and good chemical stability. It is widely used in hair conditioner, fabric softener, fiber antistatic agent, silicone oil emulsifier, asphalt emulsifier, organic bentonite modifier, disinfection and bactericide Protein flocculant and water treatment flocculant in biopharmaceutical industry.
A preparation process of highly stable Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride comprises the following steps:
S1. Add dimethyl octadecylamine, deionized water and ethanol into the reactor in turn, raise the reactor temperature to 55 ℃, stir evenly, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, and the stirring time is 25min;
S2. Slowly add methyl chloride to the reaction kettle. The mass ratio of dimethyl octadecylamine, deionized water, ethanol and methyl chloride is 4:1:1. Stir evenly after adding. Adjust the temperature of the reaction kettle to 60 ℃ and the pressure to less than 0.2MPa. Continue stirring. The stirring speed is 400 rpm and the stirring time is 1.5h;
S3. When the pressure in the reaction kettle is reduced to 0.03 MPa, the reaction is completed, vacuum is pumped, and liquid alkali, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide are added successively. The mass ratio of liquid alkali, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide is 8:4:1. Samples are taken for detection after stirring for 20min;
S4. According to the test results, if the color is dark, add 0.5kg hydrogen peroxide into the reactor; If the content of free amine and ammonium salt is greater than 1.5%, add methyl chloride; If the pH is lower than 6.5, add 1.8kg liquid alkali and 1.8kg ethanol;
S5. After the temperature of the reaction kettle drops below 60 ℃, take out the product and fill it.
FAQ
What is trimethylammonium chloride used for?
TMA. HCl finds its main application as an intermediate for the production of vitamin B4 (choline chloride). The product is also used for the production of CHPT (Chlorohydroxypropyl-trimethylammoniumchloride). CHPT is used as reagent for production of cationic starch, which is applied in the paper industry.
What is a CTAC chemical?
Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is a cationic surfactant that can be used in the synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves and micelle complexes.It can also be used as a dispersant to prevent aggregation of nanoparticles.
Why is ammonium chloride banned?
► Ammonium Chloride may cause an asthma-like allergy.
► Exposure may affect the kidneys. NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is 10 mg/m3 (as fume) averaged over a 10-hour workshift and 20 mg/m3 (as fume) not to be exceeded during any 15-minute work period.
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