Apelin-13 Peptide

Apelin-13 is the most core and clear use for all-round cardiovascular protection. As an endogenous vasodilator peptide and positive inotropic peptide, it can effectively expand blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, enhance myocardial contractility, improve cardiac function, resist myocardial ischemia, resist ischemia reperfusion injury, inhibit the formation of blood clots, delay atherosclerosis, fight arrhythmia, and improve pulmonary hypertension. It is a key regulator of cardiovascular stability and a potential therapeutic drug for cardiovascular diseases.
Strong blood pressure reduction (vasodilation): Activate endothelial APJ → Promote nitric oxide (NO) release → Expand systemic resistance vessels (coronary, peripheral, renal arteries) → Reduce peripheral resistance, systolic blood pressure by 8-15 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure by 5-10 mmHg; Antagonism of renin-angiotensin (RAAS) pressor pathway, balance of vascular tension, suitable for essential hypertension, salt sensitive hypertension, hypertension with heart failure/diabetes.

Positive muscle strength (cardiac enhancement): directly activating myocardial cell APJ → enhancing myocardial contractility, increasing cardiac output (+20-30%), increasing cardiac index, and improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF+5-8%); It does not increase myocardial oxygen consumption, which is different from traditional cardiotonic drugs (such as digitalis), and is suitable for systolic heart failure, acute heart failure, acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, heart failure with hypertension/diabetes.
Anti myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury: dilate coronary arteries → increase coronary blood flow (+30-50%), improve myocardial oxygen supply; Inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis, reduce infarct size (-40-60%), alleviate oxidative stress, reduce inflammatory factors (TNF - α, IL-6), improve myocardial energy metabolism, and protect mitochondrial function; Suitable for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, post PCI, heart transplantation, and ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Antithrombotic: Inhibits platelet aggregation (30-50%), reduces platelet activation, and lowers P-selectin expression; Inhibit thrombus formation after endothelial injury, reduce blood viscosity, improve hemorheology, prevent deep vein thrombosis, cerebral infarction, and myocardial infarction.
Delay atherosclerosis: inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, reduce the formation of foam cells, reduce the lipid deposition of vascular wall, reduce vascular inflammation, stabilize vulnerable plaque, and reduce the risk of plaque rupture; Suitable for hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, carotid plaques, and peripheral arterial disease.

Antiarrhythmic: Regulating myocardial ion channels (Na ⁺, K ⁺, Ca ² ⁺), prolonging action potential duration, reducing the incidence of premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation; Improve heart failure combined with arrhythmia and arrhythmia after myocardial infarction.
Improving pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): dilating pulmonary blood vessels, reducing pulmonary circulation resistance, lowering pulmonary artery pressure, improving right heart function, and delaying PAH progression; Suitable for idiopathic PAH, congenital heart disease-related PAH, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related PAH.

Apelin-13 Peptide is widely expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, brainstem, and retina. It is a potent neuroprotective peptide that can resist cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, reduce cerebral infarction area, improve neurological deficits, combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), improve cognition and memory, resist anxiety and depression, relieve pain, protect retinal nerves, and prevent optic nerve damage. It is a potential therapeutic target for stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, emotional disorders, and retinopathy.
Anti cerebral ischemia (stroke): dilate cerebral blood vessels → increase cerebral blood flow (+30-50%), improve cerebral oxygen supply; Inhibit neuronal apoptosis, reduce infarct size (-40-60%), alleviate oxidative stress, lower inflammatory factors, improve neurological deficits (motor, sensory, language), promote nerve repair, and improve prognosis; Suitable for ischemic stroke, cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Anti neurodegenerative diseases (AD/PD): inhibits β - amyloid deposition, reduces Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, protects hippocampal neurons, improves cognition and memory, and delays AD progression; Protect dopaminergic neurons, reduce substantia nigra damage, improve motor disorders, and delay PD progression; Suitable for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and vascular dementia.
Improve cognition and memory: promote hippocampal neurogenesis, enhance synaptic plasticity, improve learning and memory abilities, alleviate brain fatigue, slow thinking, and increase brain vitality.

Anti anxiety and anti depression: regulate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, reduce cortisol levels, increase 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, alleviate anxiety, depression, irritability, improve emotional fluctuations, and enhance sleep quality; Suitable for anxiety disorders, depression, menopausal mood disorders, and post-stroke depression.
Analgesia (central/peripheral): activate central opioid receptors, inhibit pain signal transmission, relieve acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain (such as post herpetic neuralgia, diabetes neuralgia), and reduce hyperalgesia.
Retinal nerve protection: protect retinal neurons, reduce light damage, oxidative damage, ischemic damage, improve retinal blood flow, prevent optic nerve atrophy, and delay the progress of diabetes retinopathy.