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October 22, 2024
Testosterone decanoate (testosterone dehydroacetate) is a synthetic testosterone derivative that contains a dehydroacetate group bonded to testosterone. Molecular formula C29H46O3, CAS 5721-91-5, molecular weight: 442.68 g/mol. According to its melting point between about 48°C-52°C, it exists in solid form at room temperature, and it appears as white or similar white crystalline powder. Is fat-soluble, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform and dichloromethane. However, its solubility in water is very low. Relatively stable in cool, dry and dark conditions. However, due to its structural specificity, it may degrade under adverse conditions such as light, high temperature and humidity. It is an injectable testosterone supplement that is widely used in medicine and sports. Due to its properties, testosterone is used by some athletes as an illicit drug to enhance protein synthesis, increase red blood cell count and muscle strength, among other things.
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Chemical Formula |
C29H46O3 |
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Exact Mass |
442.34 |
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Molecular Weight |
442.68 |
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m/z |
442.34 (100.0%), 443.35 (31.4%), 444.35 (2.7%), 444.35 (2.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 78.68; H, 10.47; O, 10.84 |
Testosterone decanoate is a versatile androgenic steroid ester with primary applications in the treatment of androgen deficiency and related medical conditions. Its long-acting nature and ability to promote male sexual characteristics make it a valuable tool in hormone replacement therapy. However, it is essential to closely monitor patients undergoing treatment with it due to the potential for side effects and the need for individualized dosage adjustments.
Male hypogonadism
It is commonly used in the treatment of male hypogonadism (Hypogonadism), including primary testicular insufficiency and secondary testicular insufficiency. In this condition, men have low levels of testosterone, which can lead to symptoms such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, and decreased sperm quality. Using It can increase the testosterone level in the blood, improve the above symptoms, and restore normal gonadal function.
Delayed puberty
In male adolescents with delayed puberty, testosterone levels may be lower than the normal range. By increasing testosterone levels in the body with product. It promotes the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics, including deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, and development of muscle mass and bone density.
Male infertility
It is also used in some cases to treat male infertility. Infertility can result when a man's testicles do not normally produce sufficient quantity and quality of sperm. By increasing testosterone levels in the body, it stimulates the production and development of sperm, thus improving the condition of infertility.
Muscular wasting diseases
It is sometimes used to treat muscle wasting disorders such as muscle weakness, muscular dystrophy, and other conditions. Testosterone is a hormone that promotes protein synthesis and muscle growth. By increasing testosterone levels, it increases muscle mass, improves muscle strength and reduces symptoms of muscle wasting.
synthesis methods
Metal-catalyzed synthesis method
A common approach is to use metal catalysts to catalyze the reaction, usually using zinc or palladium as catalysts. This method generally involves acylation and coupling reactions. First, testosterone is reacted with an acid anhydride (such as acetic anhydride) to form an ester compound through an acylation reaction. Then, through a coupling reaction, the ester compound is reacted with a substrate such as lead chloride caprate to generate it.
Chemical synthesis method
In the chemical synthesis method, an appropriate reagent is generally selected to convert the functional group of testosterone and introduce a valerate group. This usually involves reacting testosterone with amyl alcohol to form an initial ester compound, followed by a series of reactions, such as acylation, transesterification, reduction and esterification, to finally give product.
Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis method
The enzyme-catalyzed synthesis method is a method that uses an enzyme as a catalyst. These enzymes are usually obtained from microorganisms. It is produced by reacting testosterone with decanoate by selecting the appropriate enzyme to catalyze the reaction.
It should be pointed out that the synthesis method of product may have risks and technical challenges, and it needs to be carried out under appropriate laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the synthesis and use of it is regulated by laws and regulations and should only be performed by qualified professionals. Always consult a professional for accurate information and guidance before undertaking any synthetic work. Please send us an email if necessary.
1. Ester hydrolysis reaction:
It is an ester compound that undergoes ester hydrolysis. Under acidic or alkaline conditions, the ester bonds can be broken by water molecules to form deacetated testosterone. This reaction can occur in vivo or in vitro, resulting in the release of testosterone.
2. Transesterification reaction:
It can participate in transesterification reactions in which the ester group is replaced by another alcohol or anhydride. By reacting with other alcohols or acid anhydrides, the ligands of it can be changed to obtain different ester compounds. It is a Stereoisomerism with multiple chiral centers. It can have many different Stereoisomerism, such as R, S or E, Z, etc. These different isomers may lead to differences in their biological activity and pharmacological effects.
3. Oxidation reaction:
Since it contains multiple saturated carbon atoms in its molecule, it may participate in oxidation reactions. Some carbon atoms of it can be oxidized to hydroxyl, ketone or carboxylic acid groups by appropriate oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or chlorine dioxide.
4. Reduction reaction:
The ester and cis double bonds in the it molecule can be reduced under appropriate conditions. Commonly used reducing agents include metal hydrides, organic reducing agents (such as hydrogen and catalysts), reducing metals, etc. These reactions can reduce ester backbones to alcohol groups or cyclic compounds, and reduce double bonds to single bonds.
5. Reaction with metal catalysts:
Since the molecule of testosterone decanoate contains multiple double bonds, it can participate in a series of reactions related to metal catalysts. For example, by reacting with catalysts such as palladium or rhodium, it can undergo a partial hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen to convert some double bonds into single bonds and generate partially reduced products.
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