Selenium Powder CAS 7782-49-2

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Selenium powder, a non-metallic element with the chemical symbol Se, is located in the fourth periodic group VI A (element 34) in the periodic table of chemical elements. It is insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid and alkali. Selenium products is a red or gray powder, a quasi metal with gray metallic luster. Of the six known solid allotropes, three crystals( α Single Italic β Monolith, and gray triangular crystals) are the most important. It can be used as photosensitive material, catalyst for electrolytic manganese industry, essential nutrient elements for animals and beneficial nutrient elements for plants. Selenium exists in nature in two ways: inorganic selenium and plant active selenium. Inorganic selenium generally refers to sodium selenite and sodium selenate, which are obtained from by-products of metal deposits; The latter is formed by combining selenium with amino acids through biological transformation, and generally exists in the form of selenomethionine.

The role of pure selenium powder is relatively broad, as detailed in the following several aspects, but its principle is mainly two:

First, the antioxidant enzymes in the body can protect the cell membrane from oxidative damage and maintain its permeability;

Second, Selene-P protein has the function of chelating heavy metals and other poisons to reduce the toxicity of poisons.

Selenium is known by scientists as the "king of cancer prevention" (formerly known as the "king of cancer prevention") of human microelements

Scientific research has found that the level of blood selenium is closely related to the occurrence of cancer. A large number of survey data show that the level of selenium content in food and soil in an area is directly related to the incidence rate of cancer. At the same time, the scientific community also recognized that selenium has the role of cancer prevention and is the "king of cancer prevention" of human microelements.

In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that "selenium can reduce the risk of cancer" and "selenium can produce anti-cancer effects in the human body".

In China, selenium has cancer prevention and anti-cancer effects, which have been written in the chemistry textbook (ninth grade volume II, page 96) and the medical textbook of colleges and universities (trace elements and health, page 262). "Selenium can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and their DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, inhibit the transcription of cancer genes, and interfere with the metabolism of carcinogens".

 

Antioxidant effect:

Selenium powder is a component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px). Each mole of GSH Px contains 4 grams of atomic selenium. This enzyme is used to catalyze the redox reaction of reduced glutathione (GSH) and peroxide, so it can play an antioxidant role and is an important free radical scavenger (50-500 times as much as vitamin E). In vivo, GSH Px and vitamin E have different antioxidant mechanisms. They can complement each other and have synergistic effects.

It is scientifically confirmed that due to the high antioxidant effect of selenium, appropriate supplement can prevent organ aging and pathological changes, delay aging, enhance immunity, resist diseases, resist toxic heavy metals, reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prevent cancer and anti-cancer.

 

Enhance immunity:

Plant active pure selenium can eliminate free radicals in the body, eliminate toxins in the body, resist oxidation, effectively inhibit the production of lipid peroxide, prevent blood clots, remove cholesterol, and enhance human immune function.

Prevent diabetes:

Selenium is an active component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent pancreatic islets β Oxidative destruction of cells can make them function normally, promote sugar metabolism, reduce blood sugar and urine sugar, and improve the symptoms of diabetes patients.

Cataract prevention:

The retina is vulnerable to damage due to its exposure to computer radiation. Selenium can protect the retina, enhance the smoothness of the vitreous, improve vision and prevent cataracts.

 

Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases:

Natural selenium is an important element to maintain the normal function of the heart, which has the function of protecting and repairing the heart. The decrease of human blood selenium level will lead to the decline of the function of scavenging free radicals in the body, the increase of harmful substances deposition, the increase of blood pressure, the thickening of vascular wall, the reduction of vascular elasticity, the slowing of blood flow, and the decline of oxygen delivery function, which will lead to the increase of the incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, scientific selenium powder supplementation has a good effect on the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.

 

Detoxification:

Selenium has a strong binding force with metals and can resist the toxicity of cadmium to the kidney, gonads and central nerves. Selenium combines with mercury, lead, tin, thallium and other heavy metals in the body to form a metal selenoprotein complex for detoxification and detoxification.

Prevention and treatment of liver disease:

Yu Shuyu, a Chinese medical expert, found in 16 years of epidemiological investigation in high incidence areas of liver cancer that the best selenium content in the blood of residents in high incidence areas of liver cancer was lower than that in low incidence areas of liver cancer, and the incidence rate of liver cancer was negatively correlated with the blood selenium level. She added selenium to 130000 residents in Qidong County, Jiangsu Province, and confirmed that selenium supplementation could reduce the incidence rate of liver cancer by 35% and the incidence rate of people with a family history of liver cancer by 50%.

To sum up, selenium is necessary for the human body and cannot be self-made. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends that 200 selenium be added every day μ G selenium can effectively prevent the high incidence of many diseases. Dr. Barbayalola, a world nutritionist and chairman of the Biochemical Society, said: Selenium is the most important mineral nutrient to prolong life, which is reflected in its comprehensive protection of the human body. It should not be thought of only when you are ill.

industrial use

 

Selenium has both photoelectric and photosensitive properties. The photoelectric performance can directly convert light into electricity, while the photosensitive performance can reduce resistance when increasing light exposure. The photoelectric and photosensitive properties of selenium can be used to produce exposure meters for photovoltaic cells and cameras, as well as solar cells.
Selenium can convert alternating current into direct current, so it is widely used in the manufacture of rectifiers.
Selenium is a p-type semiconductor that can be used in circuits and solid-state components.
In terms of photocopying, selenium can be used to copy documents and letters (toner cartridges).
In the glass industry, selenium can be used to produce bleached glass, ruby colored glass, and enamel.
In other industries, selenium pigments can be made into red pigments and used as coloring agents in the paint industry, plastic industry, printing industry, leather industry, and coating industry.

medical use

 

Selenium is one of the essential nutrients for the human body, which is mainly absorbed in the small intestine after being ingested from the diet. It combines with proteins in the human body to form "selenoproteins" and plays physiological roles, mainly manifested in antioxidant, regulating thyroid hormones, maintaining normal immune function, and preventing endemic diseases related to selenium deficiency (Keshan disease and Kashin Beck disease). Selenium nutrition is also related to the incidence of various cancers. Dietary selenium intake>55 µ g/d can effectively reduce the incidence rate of esophageal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, but increase the risk of skin cancer. However, selenium supplementation can reduce the incidence rate of colon cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer.

boost immunity

 

Selenium powder is an essential trace nutrient for the human body. Consuming moderate amounts of selenium can enhance the body's immunity, maintain cellular physiological functions, and protect cardiovascular and visual organs. [16] Plant active selenium can eliminate free radicals in the body, eliminate toxins, resist oxidation, effectively inhibit the production of peroxidized lipids, prevent blood clots, clear cholesterol, and enhance human immune function.
Prevent diabetes
Selenium is an active component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent the oxidative damage of pancreatic β cells, make them function normally, promote sugar metabolism, reduce blood sugar and urine sugar, and improve the symptoms of diabetes patients.

Preventing cataracts
The retina is susceptible to damage due to exposure to computer radiation and other factors. Selenium can alleviate cellular oxidative stress damage and protect the lens. Selenium can protect the retina, enhance the smoothness of the vitreous, improve vision, and prevent cataracts.

Prevent Keshan disease, Kashin Beck disease, and arthritis

 

Selenium deficiency is the main cause of Keshan disease, Kashin Beck disease, and two endemic diseases. Supplementing with selenium can prevent bone marrow lesions, promote repair, and promote disulfide bonds in protein synthesis to counteract detoxification of metal elements. It has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on both endemic diseases and arthritis patients.
Detoxification and detoxification
Selenium has a strong binding force with metals and can resist the toxicity of cadmium to the kidneys, reproductive glands, and central nervous system. Selenium combines with heavy metals such as mercury, lead, tin, and thallium in the body to form a metalloselenoprotein complex for detoxification and detoxification.

Preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

 

Selenium is an important element for maintaining normal heart function and has a protective and reparative effect on the body of the heart. The enzymes produced by selenium in the body's metabolism can play a protective role in the heart during ischemia, hypoxia, and reperfusion in the New Territories. Multiple selenium proteins can participate in the development and differentiation of the heart, and participate in heart protection through regulating oxidative stress, promoting ventricular remodeling, preventing iron death, regulating calcium homeostasis, and other aspects. The decrease of human blood selenium level will lead to the decline of the function of scavenging free radicals in the body, the increase of harmful substances deposition, the increase of blood pressure, the thickening of vascular wall, the reduction of vascular elasticity, the slowing of blood flow, and the decline of oxygen delivery function, which will lead to the increase of the incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, scientific selenium supplementation has a good effect on the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.

Industrial production of selenium powder bulk:

The main raw material for industrial selenium extraction (90%) is anode slime produced by copper electrolytic refining, and the rest comes from calcine produced by lead, cobalt and nickel refining and residual slime produced by sulfuric acid production. As the selenium in copper electrolysis anode slime coexists with precious metals in the form of selenium compounds, and the selenium content is about 5%~25% (mass fraction), the process is generally to recover precious metal gold and silver first, and then recover selenium, or to recover selenium from anode slime first, and then produce gold and silver alloys.

There are mainly three kinds of processes for treating anode slime at home and abroad: first, full wet process. The main processes are: copper anode slime pressure leaching copper, tellurium chloride leaching selenium, gold alkali leaching lead ammonia leaching silver gold silver electrolysis; Second, the semi wet process, which is mainly wet process and combines fire process and wet process, is adopted by most domestic manufacturers. The main process is as follows: copper anode slime sulfuric acid roasting evaporation selenium dilute acid copper chloride gold sulfite silver electrolysis; The third is the fire process, which is dominated by fire process and combined with wet process and fire process. The main process is: copper anode mud pressure leaching copper, tellurium fire smelting, converting silver electrolysis silver anode mud treatment gold.

Selenium is an essential trace element for human body. The Chinese Nutrition Society also lists selenium as one of the 15 nutrients necessary for the human body. A large number of clinical experiments at home and abroad show that selenium deficiency in the human body can cause dysfunction of some important organs, leading to the occurrence of many serious diseases. More than 40 countries around the world are in selenium deficient areas. Hundreds of millions of people in 22 provinces of China are in selenium deficient or selenium deficient areas. The incidence of incidence rate, liver disease, cardiovascular disease and other diseases in these areas is very high.
Studies have shown that the people with low selenium or selenium deficiency can not only prevent the occurrence of tumors, liver diseases, etc., but also improve the immune ability of the body, maintain the normal functions of the heart, liver, lung, stomach and other important organs, and prevent the occurrence of senile cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by supplementing selenium appropriately.

Selenium deposits can be divided into the following types:

Selenium is a volatile trace element in coal except S, N, F, CI, Br, Hg. It is one of the potentially toxic trace elements in coal and one of the elements in coal combustion. Most of the selenium in coal is distributed in pyrite. The synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis shows that the selenium in pyrite in British coal is 0~1250ppm, with an average of 97ppm, and that in white iron ore is 2~452ppm, with an average of 108ppm. At the same time, it is found that the distribution of selenium in pyrite is random. After the analysis of minerals in some European and American coals, it is found that the selenium content in pyrite is significantly higher than that in kaolinite, illite and quartz, because organic rocks are easy to separate selenium from circulating water as reducing agents, Therefore, there can be a large amount of Se in coal, which is similar to the content of Ge and As in many known coals.

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