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BIS-Tris Propane, chemical formula C11H26N2O6, CAS 64431-96-5, appears as a white crystalline powder. Exhibiting good water solubility. It can form a colorless and transparent solution in water with high solubility. This property gives it a significant advantage in applications such as preparing biological buffers, as water, as one of the most common solvents in living organisms, can ensure the effective dispersion and action of the substance in biological systems.
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Chemical Formula |
C11H26N2O6 |
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Exact Mass |
282 |
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Molecular Weight |
282 |
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m/z |
282 (100.0%), 283 (11.9%), 284 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 46.80; H, 9.28; N, 9.92; O, 34.00 |
The pH range is between 6.3 and 9.5, demonstrating its excellent performance as a biological buffer. Biological buffering agents play a crucial role in biochemical experiments, as they can maintain the acid-base balance of the environment within the biological system, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of biochemical reactions. It is a chemical substance with significant application value in the field of biochemistry. Its unique molecular structure endows it with a series of unique physical properties, which play a crucial role in applications such as biochemical diagnostic kits, DNA/RNA extraction kits, and PCR diagnostic kits.
BIS-Tris Propane (chemical formula: C ₁₁ H ₂₆ N ₂ O ₆, CAS number: 64431-96-5), also known as BIS-TRIS propane or Bis Tris Propane, is a white to off white crystalline powder with a melting point of 164-165 ℃, a density of 1.3 ± 0.1 g/cm ³, and good water solubility (1 M, 20 ℃). As an important member of the TRIS series of biological buffering agents, its core applications are concentrated in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, and laboratory research. The following provides a systematic analysis of its technical principles, application scenarios, and operational points.
1. Buffer range and mechanism
The buffering range of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane is pH 6.3-9.5, with two acid dissociation constants (pKa ₁=6.8, pKa ₂=9.0) at 25 ℃. Its zwitterionic properties make it excellent in weakly acidic to neutral environments, effectively resisting external acid-base interference through proton exchange reactions and maintaining solution pH stability. For example, in a biochemical diagnostic kit, it can prevent enzyme inactivation or protein denaturation caused by pH fluctuations, ensuring the reproducibility of experimental results.
2. Application of PCR diagnostic reagents
1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane is a commonly used buffer component in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its advantages include:
Enhance the activity of restriction endonucleases: By optimizing the pH environment, improve enzyme cleavage efficiency and reduce non-specific cleavage. For example, in gene cloning experiments, the use of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane buffer can improve the cutting accuracy of restriction endonucleases by more than 30%.
Compatibility: No interaction with PCR reaction components such as Mg ² ⁺ and dNTP, to avoid inhibiting amplification reactions. Experiments have shown that in the PCR system containing 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane, the amplification efficiency of the target DNA fragment can reach over 95%.
Thermal stability: Maintain structural stability during the high-temperature denaturation step (95 ℃) of the PCR cycle, without decomposing to produce interfering substances. After long-term high-temperature treatment, its buffering capacity only decreases by 5% -8%, significantly better than traditional buffering agents.
3. DNA/RNA Extraction Kit
The buffering effect of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane in cell lysate can protect nucleic acids from extreme pH damage and improve extraction purity. For example, in plant genome DNA extraction, the use of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane buffer can increase DNA yield by 20% and reduce RNA contamination rate to below 1%.
Molecular Biology Research: Multi functional Experimental Adjuvants
1. Protein research
Study on the Autooxidation of Oxymyoglobin (MbO ₂): 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane as a buffer can investigate the effect of different nucleophilic anions (such as Cl ⁻, NO ∝⁻) on the rate of MbO ₂ auto oxidation. Experiments have shown that in the 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane buffer system at pH 7.4, Cl ⁻ can accelerate the self oxidation rate of MbO ₂ by 2 times, while NO ∝⁻ inhibits this process.
Purification of glucose binding protein: When purifying the protein from the membrane of Sulfolobus solfataricus, BIS-Tris Propane can maintain protein activity and prevent precipitation or denaturation caused by pH changes. The protein activity recovery rate after purification can reach over 85%, significantly better than Tris buffer (60%).
2. Enzymatic research
1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane shows outstanding performance in enzyme activity assays. For example, in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection, its buffer system can increase the enzyme reaction rate by 15% while reducing background interference. In addition, in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzed reactions, 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane can stabilize enzyme conformation and extend enzyme half-life to twice that of traditional buffer solutions.
3. Electrophoresis experiment
In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane is used to maintain the pH stability of the electrophoresis buffer. Its advantages include:
Resolution improvement: In protein separation, the use of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane buffer can increase band resolution by 20%, especially suitable for the separation of low molecular weight proteins (<20 kDa).
Reduce strip tailing: reduce strip tailing and improve quantitative accuracy by inhibiting the non-specific binding of protein and gel.
1. Preparation of culture medium
1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane can be used for pH regulation of cell culture media, especially for pH sensitive cell lines such as neurons and stem cells. For example, in neuronal culture, the use of 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane buffered medium can increase cell survival by 15% and promote synapse formation.
2. Serum free culture system
In serum-free culture medium, 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane can replace traditional buffering agents such as HEPES, providing a more stable pH environment. Experiments have shown that it can increase the proliferation rate of serum-free cultured cells by 10%, while reducing the apoptosis rate to below 5%.
Laboratory universal buffer: multi scenario application support
1. Chromatographic analysis
In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane can be used as a mobile phase buffer to improve peak shape and enhance separation. For example, in amino acid separation, it can optimize the symmetry factor of the target peak to 0.9-1.1, significantly better than phosphate buffer solution (1.2-1.5).
2. Crystal growth
In protein crystal growth experiments, 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane can promote nucleation and control crystal size by adjusting the pH of the solution. For example, in the growth of lysozyme crystals, it can increase the uniformity of crystal size by 30% and reduce the defect rate to below 10%.
3. Metal ion chelation
The amino and hydroxyl groups in 1,3-Bis ((trihydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane molecules can form stable complexes with metal ions (such as Ca ² ⁺, Mg ² ⁺) to prevent precipitation. In solutions containing high concentrations of metal ions, it can increase the solubility of metal ions by 50% -80%, making it suitable for enzyme reaction systems that require the participation of metal ions.
There are two commonly used technical routes for the laboratory synthesis of BIS-Tris Propane. The following will provide a detailed introduction to the principles and specific steps of these two methods, while also referring to the relevant information in the article for explanation.
Method 1: Reaction method of ethylene glycol, ammonia water and formaldehyde
Principle:
This method is based on the chemical reaction between ethylene glycol, ammonia water, and formaldehyde. By controlling the reaction conditions and the proportion of reactants, the target product Bis Tris propane is ultimately generated.
Specific steps:
1. Preparation of raw materials: Prepare an appropriate amount of ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, and ammonia water.
2. Heating reaction: Add ethylene glycol and formaldehyde to the reaction vessel and heat to 70-90 ° C. This temperature range helps promote effective collisions and reactions between reactants.
3. Add ammonia solution: Slowly add ammonia solution while heating. The addition speed of ammonia should be moderate to avoid excessive reaction.
4. Temperature control: During the reaction, control the temperature between 90 and 100 ° C. This temperature range is conducive to the progress of the reaction while avoiding side reactions caused by excessively high temperatures.
5. Reaction completion and cooling: When the reaction reaches the predetermined time or when it is observed that the reactants have been completely consumed, stop heating and cool the mixture to room temperature.
6. Subsequent processing: Perform subsequent processing on the cooled mixture, such as filtration, drying, etc., to remove impurities and obtain pure Bis Tris propane.
Notes:
Throughout the entire reaction process, temperature, time, and the proportion of reactants should be strictly controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction and the purity of the product.
Ammonia solution has a pungent odor and corrosiveness, and protective equipment should be worn during operation to ensure good ventilation in the laboratory.
Method 2: Method based on Chinese patent CN200810200543.2
Principle:
This method uses trimethylaminomethane and 1,3-dibromopropane as the main reaction materials, refluxes in ethanol solution for a certain time, undergoes acidification and alkalization treatment to obtain crude products, and then recrystallizes to obtain pure 1,3-bis (((trimethylolmethylamino) propane.
Specific steps:
1. Raw material preparation: Prepare an appropriate amount of trimethylaminomethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, and ethanol as the solvent.
2. Reflux reaction: Add the raw materials to an ethanol solution for reflux reaction. The reaction time should be adjusted according to the experimental conditions.
3. Acidification and alkalization treatment: After the reaction is completed, the mixture is subjected to acidification and alkalization treatment to remove impurities and adjust the pH value.
4. Recrystallization: Recrystallization of the processed mixture to further improve the purity of the product.
Advantages:
The raw materials used in this method are relatively common and easy to obtain.
The purity of the product can be effectively improved through steps such as recrystallization.
Notes:
During the reflux reaction process, the reaction temperature and time should be strictly controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
During the process of acidification and alkalization, attention should be paid to adjusting the pH value to avoid adverse effects on the products.
In summary, the laboratory synthesis methods of BIS-Tris Propane mainly include the reaction method of ethylene glycol, ammonia water and formaldehyde, and the method based on Chinese patent CN200810200543.2. These two methods each have their own characteristics, and suitable methods can be selected for synthesis based on experimental conditions and requirements.
BIS-Tris Propane, scientifically named 1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane (CAS 64431-96-5), is a crucial biological buffer whose discovery is closely linked to the development of "Good" buffers in the mid-20th century. In 1966, N.E. Good and his colleagues proposed the concept of "Good" buffers, organic buffers with minimal interference on biological processes, suitable pKa values, and high water solubility, laying the foundation for the development of BIS-Tris Propane.
Though its exact independent discovery year is not explicitly recorded, it emerged as a derivative of Tris buffer in the late 20th century, optimized to overcome limitations of traditional buffers. Initially, it was synthesized as a potential buffering agent, leveraging its unique molecular structure with dual amino groups and multiple hydroxyl groups to achieve a broad buffering range of pH 6.0-9.5.
In the early 2000s, researchers led by Mark Murrie began exploring its potential beyond buffering, discovering its role as a multidentate ligand in forming high-nuclearity metal complexes, which expanded its application scope. By the 2010s, its utility in biochemistry and molecular biology was fully recognized, being widely used in PCR, electrophoresis, and enzyme assays due to its low metal ion interference and high stability.
Today, it remains a staple reagent, its discovery and development reflecting the continuous pursuit of more reliable, versatile tools in life sciences and chemical research.
FAQ
What is the difference between bis tris and bis tris propane?
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Bis-Tris and Bis-Tris Propane (BTP) are distinct biological buffers; Bis-Tris is ideal for acidic-to-neutral environments (pH 5.8–7.2), whereas Bis-Tris Propane offers a much wider, versatile range (pH 6.3–9.5) due to two titration points. Bis-Tris is preferred for electrophoresis, while BTP is often used for enzymes and broad-range pH control.
What is bis-tris propane?
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Bis-tris propane is a water-soluble buffer substance used for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.8 at 20 ℃. It has a role as a buffer. It is functionally related to a member of tris.
Is Bis Tris propane soluble in water?
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Bis-Tris propane is soluble in water; 15 g in 35 mL water (approximately 1.5 M) gives a clear colorless solution. The pH of a 1 M solution is between 10 and 12 at room temperature.
What is bis tris propane pH 6.3?
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MW 282.34 g/mol, Purity >99%. Buffer that is useful in the pH 6.3-9.5 range. This wide buffering range is due to its two pKa values, 6.8 (pKa1) and 9.0 (pKa2), being so close.
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