D-Lyxose CAS 1114-34-7

D-Lyxose is a six-carbon monosaccharide belonging to the class of rhamnose. Its chemical formula is C5H10O5, CAS 1114-34-7, and its molecular weight is 150.13. It is white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless and tasteless. The solubility in water is 16.7 g/100 mL (20°C), the solubility in methanol is 2.9 g/100 mL (20°C), insoluble in ethanol. Typically, the solubility of monosaccharide molecules is closely related to their chemical structure and environmental factors. For example, the oxygen-containing functional groups of it make it more hydrophilic, so it has relatively high solubility in water. It is an asymmetric molecule, so it has optical activity. The specific rotation ([α]) of it is +17.0° (at 20°C, at 590 nm, with water as solvent). It should be pointed out that specific optical rotation is a property with large influence factors, and its value is affected by many factors such as compound configuration, ambient temperature, wavelength, and concentration. It has a variety of application fields, including food, medicine, biotechnology and other aspects. With the continuous deepening of the research on it, its application fields will also continue to expand.

D-Lyxose is a six-carbon monosaccharide belonging to the class of rhamnose. Its chemical structure is simple and stable, and it has various biological activities and medicinal applications.

1. Food industry:

1.1 Sweeteners:

It has been found to have good sweetness properties, its sweetness is about 60%~70% of sucrose, and its sweetness is higher than other five-carbon monosaccharides and six-carbon monosaccharides, such as fructose and glucose. Therefore, it can be used as a sweetener in the food industry. In addition, compared with other low-carbohydrates, It is more stable, it will not be catabolized by yeast and microorganisms, and it is not easy to produce pigment changes and browning.

1.2 Food preservatives:

It also has a certain antibacterial effect and can be used as a food preservative. Studies have shown that It has a certain inhibitory effect on common food pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. Adding It to food can reduce the risk of microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of food.

1.3 Food additives:

It can also be added to food as a rheological agent, stabilizer, thickener, etc. to improve the taste and texture of food. For example, adding It to low-fat fresh milk can improve its taste and extend its shelf life. It can also be used to make biscuits, pastries, jams, beverages, etc.

2. Pharmaceutical field:

2.1 Pharmaceutical preparations:

It has various applications in pharmaceutical formulations. For example, It can be used as a drug carrier to improve the stability and bioavailability of drugs after being combined with other drug molecules. In addition, It can also control the drug release rate and has a sustained release effect.

2.2 Blood sugar regulators:

During the metabolic process in the body, It needs to be catabolized by a series of enzymes. Therefore, It can be absorbed and metabolized more slowly than glucose and fructose, thereby slowing down the rise of blood sugar. In addition, after being broken down in the body, is converted into only a small amount of energy-generating substances, so it can be used as a low-calorie blood sugar regulator.

2.3 Antioxidants:

It also has antioxidant properties, which can play an important protective role in peroxidation and prevent cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Studies have shown that the antioxidant capacity of it is stronger than other monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose.

3. Biotechnology field:

3.1 Carbon source in cell culture medium:

It can be used as a carbon source in cell culture to provide cells with energy and carbon elements needed for growth. For example, in mammalian cell culture media, It can be used as a substitute to increase cell growth rate and Productivity.

3.2 Protein crystallization:

It is a commonly used protein crystallization reagent, through the interaction with the target protein, it promotes the increase of crystallization volume and quality. Studies have shown that It has high applicability in the field of protein crystallization and can be used to improve the crystal quality and resolution of various proteins.

4. Other aspects:

4.1 Industrial use:

It has a stable chemical structure and is easy to synthesize, and can be applied in various industrial fields, such as cosmetics, detergents, pulp manufacturing, etc. For example, in some cosmetics, it is used as a humectant and antioxidant.

4.2 Research purposes:

It is also widely used in scientific research fields, including biochemistry, biophysics, natural product synthesis, etc. For example, it is used as a substrate and probe for enzymology or metabolic pathway research, and the mechanism and characteristics of cellular metabolic pathways can be understood by analyzing its metabolites.

To sum up, It has various application fields, including food, medicine, biotechnology and others. With the continuous deepening of the research on It, its application fields will also continue to expand.

D-Lyxose is a six-carbon monosaccharide with a simple and stable chemical structure, and has various biological activities and medicinal applications. The synthesis method of product includes two ways of traditional chemical synthesis and enzymatic reaction.

Chemical synthesis method:

Chemical synthesis is the method of artificially synthesizing compounds in the laboratory through chemical reactions. The traditional chemical synthesis method of product includes five-step reactions, and the main steps include epoxidation, ring opening, reduction and dehydration. The reaction conditions and mechanism of each step are introduced respectively below.

1. Epoxidation reaction:

The epoxidation reaction refers to the epoxidation reaction of cyclodextrin with 6-methoxybenzyl alcohol under the action of high temperature, high pressure, chemical catalyst, etc. to produce epoxy body. Common catalysts include iodine, ferric chloride, cuprous oxide, and the like.

2. Ring opening reaction:

The ring-opening reaction refers to the elimination reaction of the cyclodextrin epoxy body with ammonium sulfate, hydroxyethyl phosphorous acid and other weak acids, and the ring-opening generates a macrolide ring, which is called 6-O-benzyl-D- pyrone.

3. Reduction reaction:

The reduction reaction refers to the reduction of 6-O-benzyl-D-pyrone to 6-hydroxy-D-pyrone by hydrogen and platinum catalysts. Common reducing agents include hydrogen and sodium hydride.

4. Dehydration reaction:

The dehydration reaction means that 6-hydroxy-D-pyrone is condensed with formaldehyde and undergoes dehydration reaction under the action of catalysts such as sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol to obtain it.

After the above reaction steps are completed, It can be obtained. Although the traditional chemical synthesis method is feasible, the reaction conditions are relatively complicated, the reaction system will produce a large amount of waste liquid during the reaction process, and there are also environmental pollution problems.

Enzymatic reaction method:

Enzymatic reaction refers to the method of using biocatalyst-enzyme to promote chemical reaction under milder conditions. Enzymatic synthesis methods usually have the characteristics of mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency, good selectivity, and environmental friendliness. There are two main methods for the enzymatic synthesis of D-Lyxose: one is to obtain Itthrough microbial fermentation; the other is to use enzyme-catalyzed synthesis.

1. Microbial fermentation method:

The microbial fermentation method refers to the method of obtaining It through the cultivation of specific microorganisms and the extraction of metabolites. Commonly used microorganisms include actinomycetes, yeasts, bacteria, etc.

① Synthesis of It by actinomycetes: It can be obtained by fermenting actinomycetes such as Metarhizium sp. Mtl-2. Actinomycetes convert precursors such as sucrose and fructose into It under specific culture conditions.

② Synthesis of It by yeast: It can also be obtained by fermenting Pseudozyma tsukubaensis and other yeasts. Yeast usually converts glucose, fructose, etc. into It.

③ Bacterial synthesis of It can also be obtained through the fermentation of specific bacteria. For example, studies have shown that It can be obtained by fermenting lactic acid bacteria such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

2. Enzyme-catalyzed method:

Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis refers to a method of converting precursor substances into It by using various enzyme catalysts. Commonly used enzyme catalysts include enzymes such as sucrase, transferase, esterase and the like.

① Sucrase-catalyzed method: Sucrase is an enzyme that can catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and glucose. Under specific reaction conditions, it can convert fructose into product.

② Transferase catalysis: transferase has the function of converting glucose or fructose into D-Lyxose, and usually uses ethanol as an auxiliary catalyst.

③ Esterase-catalyzed method: By using esterase to catalyze methyl 4-O-methoxybenzoate, 6-hydroxy D-pyrone can be obtained, and then It can be obtained.

The above two methods all use enzymatic catalysis to realize the production of product, and have the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, and good selectivity.

In summary, the synthesis methods of It mainly include traditional chemical synthesis and enzymatic reaction. Although the traditional chemical synthesis method is feasible, it requires complex reaction conditions and systems, and there are environmental pollution problems. The enzymatic reaction method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency, and is more environmentally friendly. In future research, with the in-depth research on D-Lyxose, it is believed that its synthesis method will also be continuously improved and enhanced.

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