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Cupferron is an organic compound, also known as N-phenyl-N-hydrogen peroxide (Phenylhydroxylamine peroxide). Which typically appears as white or creamy scaly crystals, which may darken over time due to slow decomposition. Despite this, it remains usable for analytical purposes. It has a melting point ranging from 150 to 155°C and a boiling point of 243.8°C at 760 mmHg. It is soluble in water and alcohol, making it convenient for use in aqueous solutions.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H9N3O2 |
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Exact Mass |
155 |
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Molecular Weight |
155 |
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m/z |
155 (100.0%), 156 (6.5%), 156 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 46.45; H, 5.85; N, 27.08; O, 20.62 |
Its molecular structure contains N-hydromethylamide group and benzene ring group, with oxygen atoms on both sides. Soluble in hot water, ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents, and partially soluble in cold water at room temperature. The solubility in water is small, 0.04 grams can be dissolved per 100 milliliters of water. In addition, it can also form complexes with metal ions, such as Fe(III) and Cu(II). It is an organic peroxide with strong oxidation-reduction properties. In an acidic environment, it breaks down easily, releasing oxygen. In addition, it is also flammable and explosive, and must be stored in a cool, dry, and ventilated place. It is widely used in analytical chemistry and is often used in the colorimetric determination of copper ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions and iron ions. In addition, some of its derivatives can also be used in the preparation of semiconductor materials.
Cupferron, chemical name N-nitrophenylhydrazine ammonium salt, commonly known as copper iron spirit, CAS number 135-20-6, molecular formula C6H9N3O2, molecular weight about 155.15. It is a white or milky scale like crystal that is easily soluble in water and alcohol, and its color will darken over time. Copper iron reagent is unstable in light and air, and will decompose into nitrobenzene when heated. Therefore, it is usually necessary to store it in a brown ground mouth reagent bottle and place a small amount of ammonium carbonate wrapped in paper or cloth as a stabilizer in the bottle, and store it in a sealed, dark, and cool place. It has multiple uses, and will be elaborated in detail from the aspects of chemical analysis, mineral separation, industrial catalysis, polymerization inhibition, environmental protection, and other applications.
In the field of chemical analysis
Measurement of Metal Elements
The determination of metals such as aluminum, copper, iron, titanium, zirconium, etc. is an important chemical analysis reagent for determining these metals. In analytical chemistry, it can quantitatively determine these metal elements through various methods such as colorimetric and gravimetric analysis. For example, in a strong acid solution, copper iron reagent can quantitatively determine iron ions (Fe ³ ⁺). The principle is that it forms a stable complex with iron ions, and the content of iron ions is determined by measuring the absorbance or precipitation mass of the complex.
Colorimetric determination of multiple metal elements: can be used for colorimetric determination of the weight of more than 20 metal elements such as aluminum, bismuth, copper, iron, mercury, zinc, manganese, niobium, gallium, tantalum, thorium, titanium, vanadium, tin, etc. These metal elements have specific absorption wavelengths in their respective complexes. By measuring the absorbance of the solution and comparing it with the standard curve, the content of metal elements can be accurately determined.
Masking agent for rare earth elements: When measuring rare earth elements, cupferron can be used as a masking agent to eliminate interference from other metal ions and improve the accuracy of the measurement. For example, when measuring lanthanide elements, it is possible to selectively complex with certain interfering ions without affecting the determination of lanthanide elements.
Precipitation separation and weighing analysis
Precipitation separation: can be used as a precipitant for precipitation separation of metal ions. For example, in steel analysis, copper iron reagents are commonly used to precipitate metal ions such as Fe ³ ⁺, Ti ⁴ ⁺, V (V) in (1+9) H ₂ SO ₄ medium, while separating them from metal ions such as Al ³ ⁺, Cr ³ ⁺, Co ² ⁺, Ni ² ⁺. This separation method is based on the different conditions under which different metal ions form precipitates with copper iron reagents, and selective separation can be achieved by controlling the reaction conditions.
Weighing analysis: The characteristic of precipitation dissolving in organic solvents allows copper iron reagents to also be used as extractants for extraction separation or photometric analysis. In weighing analysis, the precipitate formed with metal ions can be weighed through steps such as filtration, washing, and drying to determine the content of metal ions.
Mineral separation field
Application in Metallurgical Industry
Separation of copper iron mixed solution: In the metallurgical industry, as a precipitant, copper and iron in copper iron mixed solution can be selectively separated. For example, in the process of copper smelting, by adding copper iron reagents, iron ions can form precipitates and be separated from copper ions, thereby improving the purity of copper.
Separation of other metal ions: In addition to the separation of copper and iron, copper iron reagents can also be used to separate other metal ions.
For example, in the processing of vanadium titanium magnetite, copper iron reagents can be used to separate metal ions such as vanadium and titanium.
mineral processing reagents
As a mineral processing agent, it also has certain applications in the field of mineral processing. It can be used as a mineral processing agent to separate useful components from gangue components by changing the physical and chemical properties of the ore surface. For example, in the flotation process of certain metal ores, it can be used as a regulator or collector to improve flotation efficiency and metal recovery rate.
Industrial catalysis field
Catalytic effect: It also has certain applications in the field of industrial catalysis. It can act as a catalyst or promoter, participate in certain chemical reaction processes, and improve reaction rate and selectivity. For example, in certain organic synthesis reactions, it can serve as a catalyst to promote the progress of the reaction.
Synergistic effect with other catalysts: It can also synergize with other catalysts to jointly improve catalytic performance. For example, in some redox reactions, it can work together with metal oxide catalysts to improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.
Anti aggregation field
Application of Polymer Inhibitors
Alternative to traditional polymerization inhibitors: With unique polymerization inhibition properties and minimal dosage, it can be used as a substitute for the widely used phenol polymerization inhibitor BHT. During the polymerization process, polymerization inhibitors can prevent premature polymerization of monomers and ensure the smooth progress of the polymerization reaction. As a polymerization inhibitor, it has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental protection.
Application in specific polymerization systems: Cupferron exhibit good polymerization inhibition effects in certain specific polymerization systems. For example, in the polymerization reaction of acrylic monomers, the self polymerization reaction of the monomers can be effectively suppressed, improving the quality and performance of the polymerization products.
Environmental protection field
Complex capture of heavy metal ions: Derivatives of copper iron reagents are used in the field of environmental protection for complex capture of heavy metal ions in wastewater treatment plants. By adding it or its derivatives, stable complexes can be formed with heavy metal ions in wastewater, thereby reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions and achieving the goal of purifying water quality.
Treating specific wastewater: For example, in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions such as electroplating wastewater and metallurgical wastewater.
Other application areas
Water quality monitoring and soil analysis
Water quality monitoring: In water quality testing, the presence of excessive copper or iron elements in water can be quickly determined by adding specific reagents to observe color changes. This method is simple, fast, accurate, and suitable for on-site water quality monitoring.
Soil analysis: In soil analysis, it can also be used to determine the content of metal elements such as copper and iron in soil. By digesting soil samples and adding them for complexation reactions, the content of metal elements in soil can be accurately determined, providing a basis for soil pollution assessment and remediation.
Food inspection
Detection of metal elements in food: Although the application of copper iron reagents in food inspection is relatively limited, they can also be used for the detection of metal elements in food in certain specific situations. For example, when detecting trace elements such as copper and iron in food, they can be used as complexing agents to form stable complexes with metal ions. The content of metal elements can be determined by measuring the absorbance or precipitation mass of the complexes.
Spectral properties
The ultraviolet absorption peak of cupferron is located between 250-300 nm, and the infrared spectrum shows characteristic peaks such as N-O stretching vibration, C-H stretching vibration, C-O stretching vibration and benzene ring stretching vibration.
It has multiple electronic structural units (such as benzene rings, urea functional groups, etc.), so its absorption spectrum characteristics are relatively complex. According to literature reports, It has a strong absorption band in the 250-300 nm region, which is mainly caused by the π-π* transition; there is also a weaker absorption band in the 300-400 nm region, located at about 324 nm, which may be caused by caused by n-π* transitions. In addition, in different polar solvents, the peak position and intensity of the absorption spectrum of It also changed. When ethanol is used as solvent, the maximum absorption peak of It is near 315 nm, in chloroform it is near 350 nm, in acetone it is about 310 nm.
As a multidentate ligand, It can form different complexes with transition metal ions, and its absorption spectrum changes accordingly. For example, in the presence of iron ions, It can form a chromogenic Fe(Cup)3 complex with a maximum absorption wavelength of around 530 nm. In addition, when It is used as a ligand to form a complex with a transition metal ion, the peak position and intensity of the absorption spectrum of the chromogenic complex will also change because the metal ion has an impact on the electronic structure of it.
Since It has a strong absorption spectrum after forming a complex with some transition metal ions, the content of different transition metal ions can be determined by spectrophotometry. Taking iron ion as an example, by reacting the sample to be tested with excess It, a colored Fe(Cup)3 complex can be formed, and then the absorbance value is measured with a spectrophotometer, and its concentration is calculated according to Beer's law. In addition to iron ions, It can also be used as a ligand in the spectrophotometric detection of metal ions such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and indium.
FAQ
What is the use of Cupferron?
Cupferron is an analytical reagent that complexes with metal ions and is used to separate and precipitate metals such as copper, iron, va- nadium, and thorium. It is used to separate tin from zinc and to sep- arate copper and iron from other metals.
What is another name for Cupferron?
Cupferron - N-Nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt.
What is the structure of the Cupferron reagent?
Its formula is NH4[C6H5N(O)NO]. The anion binds to metal cations through the two oxygen atoms, forming five-membered chelate rings. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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