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Soda lime powder, also known as sodium lime, CAS 8006-28-8, the molecular formula CaHNaO2 is a white or beige powder. Loose and porous, it is a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO, about 75%), water (H2O, about 20%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, about 3%), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, about 1%). Mainly used as a desiccant (with calcium oxide as the drying agent), it can be used to dry neutral gases such as oxygen, as well as alkaline gases such as ammonia. It can also be used to absorb acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. If only sodium hydroxide is present, this desiccant cannot be used at higher temperatures because sodium hydroxide will react with the most commonly used glassware in the laboratory (mainly composed of silica), corroding the instrument. In the laboratory, heating sodium lime and sodium acetate (sodium acetate) with CO can produce a small amount of methane, producing sodium carbonate and methane.
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Chemical Formula |
C4H5NOS |
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Exact Mass |
115 |
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Molecular Weight |
115 |
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m/z |
115 (100.0%), 117 (4.5%), 116 (4.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.72; H, 4.38; N, 12.16; O, 13.89; S, 27.84 |
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Synthesis soda lime powder: burn the analytical pure calcium carbonate at 900 º C to make fresh calcium oxide. Add it to transparent sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (pure grade) with relative density of 1.13 under intense stirring for digestion reaction, and control the ratio of calcium hydroxide to sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to be 70g:65ml. After the digestion reaction, the product is dried at 200-250 º C, crushed and sieved.
Soda Lime (CAS number: 8006-28-8), as a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO), plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as industry, medicine, environmental protection, and scientific research due to its unique chemical properties (such as strong alkalinity, carbon dioxide absorption capacity) and physical properties (such as white granules, soluble in water).
1. Carbon dioxide absorption and gas purification
One of its core functions is efficient absorption of carbon dioxide, which makes it a key material for industrial gas treatment
Anesthesia and respiratory system: In medical anesthesia machines, as a carbon dioxide absorber, CO ₂ exhaled by patients is converted into sodium carbonate and water through chemical reactions (such as 2NaOH+CO ₂ → Na ₂ CO ∝+H ₂ O) to ensure the safety of inhaled gases. Its absorption efficiency can reach over 99%, and the granular design can reduce airflow resistance.
Diving and confined spaces: Soda lime is used to maintain clean air in submarines or mines. For example, each kilogram of soda lime can absorb about 200 liters of CO ₂, significantly extending the safe working time in a closed environment.
Industrial waste gas treatment: In industries such as chemical and metallurgical, soda lime removes SO ₂ and CO ₂ from flue gas through dry desulfurization technology. For example, in coal-fired power plants, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 85% -90%, while reducing the corrosion of equipment by acidic gases.
2. Water treatment and softening
It is a classic technology in industrial water treatment, which removes calcium and magnesium ions from water and reduces hardness by adding lime (Ca (OH) ₂) and soda ash (Na ₂ CO3)
Cold treatment: At room temperature, the water hardness is reduced to 0.5-0.8 millimoles per liter by reacting Ca (HCO ∝) ₂+Ca (OH) ₂ → 2CaCO ∝↓+2H ₂ O, which is suitable for pre-treatment of drinking water.
Heat treatment: At a high temperature of 100 ℃, the water hardness is reduced to 0.1-0.2 millimoles per liter by reacting Mg (HCO ∝) ₂+2Ca (OH) ₂ → Mg (OH) ₂ ↓+2CaCO ∝↓+2H ₂ O, which is widely used for softening boiler water and preventing thermal efficiency decline caused by scaling.
Case application: A certain steel plant uses thermal soda lime to treat circulating cooling water, which extends the service life of equipment by 30% and saves maintenance costs of over one million yuan per year.
3. Metal smelting and flotation
Plays an important role in metal extraction and refining:
Off furnace desulfurization: In the process of ironmaking, by injecting soda lime (Na ₂ CO3+CaO) into the molten iron, impurities such as sulfur can be removed, and the desulfurization rate can reach over 90%.
For example, after a steel mill in Sweden adopted this technology, the quality of steel has significantly improved, meeting high-end manufacturing needs.
Flotation regulator: In lead-zinc ore flotation, soda lime is used as a pH regulator to control the pH of the slurry and improve mineral recovery by reacting Na ₂ CO ∝+H ₂ SO ₄ → Na ₂ SO ₄+CO ₂ ↑+H ₂ O. Research has shown that it can increase lead recovery by 5% -8%.
4. Chemical raw materials and intermediates
It is the core raw material for various chemical products:
Sodium hydroxide production: By reacting Ca (OH) ₂+Na ₂ CO ∝ → 2NaOH+CaCO ∝↓, high-purity sodium hydroxide can be prepared for use in industries such as papermaking, textiles, and printing and dyeing.
Preparation of bleaching powder: Lime reacts with chlorine gas (2Ca (OH) ₂+2Cl ₂ → CaCl ₂+Ca (ClO) ₂+2H ₂ O) to produce bleaching powder, which is used for tap water disinfection and textile bleaching.
Calcium carbide production: Lime reacts with coke in an electric furnace (CaO+3C → CaC ₂+CO ↑) to produce calcium carbide (calcium carbide), which is further synthesized into acetylene for the production of materials such as plastics and rubber.
Medical field: auxiliary tools from emergency to chronic disease management
1. Anesthesia and respiratory support
Soda lime is used as a carbon dioxide absorbent in anesthesia machines to ensure the safety of patients inhaling gas:
Working principle: By chemical reactions, CO ₂ is converted into sodium carbonate and water, avoiding respiratory acidosis caused by high concentrations of CO ₂.
Clinical advantages: Compared with other absorbents such as lithium lime, soda lime has lower cost and stable absorption efficiency, and is widely used in general anesthesia and intensive care.
2. Wound care and disinfection
The strong alkalinity of soda lime gives it a bactericidal effect:
Wound treatment: In field medicine, soda lime powder can be used for temporary hemostasis and disinfection, reducing the risk of infection.
Instrument disinfection: After being prepared into an alkaline solution, it can effectively kill bacteria and viruses, and is used for preliminary cleaning of surgical instruments.
3. Drug synthesis and stabilizers
As a reaction medium or stabilizer in drug manufacturing:
Antibiotic production: During penicillin fermentation, soda lime is used to adjust the pH value of the culture medium, promote bacterial growth and product synthesis.
Drug release: As a carrier material, soda lime can control the drug release rate and improve efficacy. For example, in sustained-release tablets, sustained drug release is achieved through slow dissolution.
Environmental Protection: A Bridge from Pollution Control to Resource Recycling
1. Wastewater treatment
Removing heavy metals and acidic substances from wastewater through neutralization reaction and precipitation:
Acidic wastewater treatment: Soda lime is added to the wastewater, and the pH is adjusted to neutral by reacting 2NaOH+H ₂ SO ₄ → Na ₂ SO ₄+2H ₂ O, while heavy metal ions (such as Pb ² ⁺, Cd ² ⁺) are precipitated.
Case application: A certain electroplating factory uses soda lime to treat chromium containing wastewater, achieving a chromium ion removal rate of over 95% and meeting national discharge standards.
2. Flue gas desulfurization
To reduce SO ₂ emissions in coal-fired power plants:
Working principle: By reacting Ca (OH) ₂+SO ₂ → CaSO ∝↓+H ₂ O, SO ₂ is converted into calcium sulfite precipitate, further oxidized to calcium sulfate (gypsum), achieving resource utilization.
Technical advantages: Compared to wet desulfurization, the soda lime method has simpler equipment and lower investment costs, making it suitable for small and medium-sized power plants.
3. Solid waste treatment
Used to stabilize heavy metal contaminated soil and waste:
Soil remediation: Applying soda lime in acidic soil to neutralize acidity and fix heavy metals (such as Pb and Cd) by reacting CaO+H ₂ SO ₄ → CaSO ₄+H ₂ O, reducing their bioavailability.
Hazardous waste treatment: After mixing with chromium containing waste residue, soda lime can form stable compounds to prevent chromium ions from migrating to groundwater.
1. Chemical indicators
The alkalinity of soda lime makes it a raw material for acid-base indicators:
Preparation of pH test strips: By immersing in soda lime solution, a wide range of pH test strips can be made for rapid detection of solution acidity and alkalinity.
Color reaction: Under specific conditions, soda lime reacts with certain organic dyes to produce characteristic color compounds for quantitative analysis.
2. Materials Science
Play a key role in the development of new materials:
Thermochromic materials: Temperature sensitive color changing materials can be prepared by doping soda lime for use in smart textiles or temperature sensors.
Photochromic materials: Soda lime derivatives undergo structural changes under light exposure, achieving reversible color conversion, and are applied in anti-counterfeiting technology and optical storage fields.
3. Energy storage
As an electrolyte or additive in battery technology:
Lithium ion batteries: Soda lime modified electrolytes can improve battery cycling stability and extend service life.
Sodium ion battery: As a positive electrode material additive, soda lime can enhance sodium ion conductivity and improve battery performance.
1. Soil improvement
Improving soil quality by adjusting pH and supplementing calcium elements:
Acidic soil remediation: In economic crop planting areas such as tea gardens and orchards, the application of soda lime can increase soil pH from 4.5 to 6.0-6.5, significantly improving crop yield.
Calcium supplementation: Calcium in soda lime is a key element in the formation of plant cell walls, and calcium deficiency can lead to stunted crop growth. Research has shown that the rational application of soda lime can increase crop yield by 10% -20%.
2. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
The alkaline properties of soda lime make it have insecticidal and antibacterial effects:
Nematode control: Applying soda lime to the soil can kill root knot nematodes and reduce crop root damage.
Fungal inhibition: Spraying soda lime solution on crop leaves can prevent and control fungal diseases such as gray mold and powdery mildew.
3. Agricultural waste disposal
Used for processing livestock manure and crop straw:
Composting acceleration: Adding soda lime can increase the composting temperature, accelerate organic matter decomposition, and shorten the composting cycle.
Odor control: It can neutralize the ammonia generated during the composting process and reduce environmental pollution.
1. Household cleaning
The alkalinity of soda lime makes it a powerful cleaning agent:
Pipeline dredging: Mix soda lime with hot water and pour it into the sewer, which can dissolve oil and hair and dredge the pipeline.
Oven cleaning: Sprinkle soda lime powder on the inner wall of the oven, heat it up and react with oil stains to easily wipe it clean.
2. Food processing
As an acidity regulator in the food industry:
Pastry production: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, a derivative of soda lime) reacts with acidic substances to produce CO ₂, making the pastry fluffy.
Beverage production: used to adjust the pH value of carbonated beverages to ensure stable taste.
3. Safety protection
Plays an important role in firefighting and first aid:
Fire extinguishing agent: Soda lime can cover the surface of combustibles, isolate oxygen, and is used to extinguish oil fires.
Emergency treatment: In chemical burn accidents, soda lime solution can be used to neutralize acidic substances and reduce injuries.
Storage conditions no restrictions, Morphological pellets, Color white, Soluble in water, Air & moisture sensitive, Stable Incompatible with acids, water, fluorine, chloroform, trichloroethylene., Warning word danger, Hazard description h318-h314-h335, Precautions p260-p280-p303+p361+p353-p304+p340+p310-p305+p351+p338-p310-p260h-p301+p330+p331-p405-p501a, Dangerous goods sign C, Hazard category code 34-35-37, Safety instructions 26-36/37/39-45, Dangerous goods transport No. UN 1907 8/pg 3, WGK Germany 1, TSCA Yes, HazardClass 8, PackingGroup III
The main components of soda lime powder: calcium oxide (Cao, about 75%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, about 3%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, about 1%), water (H2O, about 20%). Industrial alkali lime is calcined alkali stone (i.e. Na2CO3 · NaHCO3 · 2H2O, limestone rich in potassium and sodium) to obtain Na2O · Cao or K2O · Cao products, which are concentrated into caustic soda by clarifying the aqueous solution. It belongs to dangerous goods, so it should be noted during packaging and storage that 25kg three-layer plastic woven bags are generally used for alkali lime, the inner and outer layers are plastic woven bags, and the middle layer is plastic inner bag. Flake caustic soda is classified as category 8.2 alkaline corrosive goods in the classification and marking of commonly used hazardous chemicals (GB 13690-92), belonging to class 8 hazardous goods, with hazard code of 1823. Classification and number of dangerous goods: alkaline corrosive goods, with the number of 82501. It shall be stored in a ventilated and dry warehouse or shed. The packaging container shall be complete and sealed. It shall not be stored and transported together with inflammables and acids. Pay attention to damp proof and rain proof during transportation. In case of fire, water, sand and various fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire, but firefighters should pay attention to the corrosivity of caustic soda dissolved in water. During operation, protective equipment shall be worn in case of large amount of contact with alkali lime. Work clothes or caps shall be made of cotton cloth or appropriate synthetic materials. Operators must wear work clothes, masks, protective glasses, rubber gloves, Rubber Aprons, long rubber boots and other labor protection articles when working. Neutral and hydrophobic ointment should be applied to the skin.
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