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DL-Asparagine Monohydrate, also known as DL aspartic acid, DL aspartic acid, etc. It is an amino acid derivative and also an important biochemical reagent. Its molecular formula is C4H8N2O3, CAS 3130-87-8, and it appears as white crystals with a pure appearance, no impurities, and no special odor. It has good water solubility and can quickly dissolve in water. In addition, it can also dissolve in acidic and alkaline solutions, making it widely used as a buffer or regulator in biochemical experiments. It has been widely used in various fields such as biochemistry, medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, food industry, and environmental protection. But it is insoluble in ethanol and ether, flammable, and irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It needs to be stored in a light shielded and sealed environment at room temperature (10-30 ℃).
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Chemical Formula |
C10H16N2O3S |
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Exact Mass |
244 |
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Molecular Weight |
244 |
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m/z |
244 (100.0%), 245 (10.8%), 246 (4.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 49.16; H, 6.60; N, 11.47; O, 19.65; S, 13.12 |
DL-Asparagine Monohydrate, as an important amino acid derivative, has shown wide applications in multiple fields.
1. Biochemical field
(1) Preparation of bacterial culture medium: DL asparagine monohydrate plays an important role in microbiological research. Due to being a necessary nutrient for the growth of many microorganisms, it is often used in culture media for bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms to provide necessary nutritional support for their growth and reproduction.
(2) Biochemical research: In biochemical research, DL asparagine monohydrate is used as an important biochemical reagent, participating in the study of various biochemical reactions and metabolic processes. By studying its metabolic pathways, mechanisms of action, and other aspects within the organism, we can gain a deeper understanding of the life activities of the organism.
(3) Brain function research: Asparagine, as an important amino acid, is of great significance for the development of brain function. DL asparagine monohydrate plays an important role in brain function research, and studying its mechanism of action in the nervous system can help to gain a deeper understanding of the function and disease mechanisms of the nervous system.
2. Medical field
(1) Drug synthesis: DL asparagine monohydrate is an important raw material for synthesizing various drugs. For example, it can serve as an important intermediate for synthesizing antibiotics, antiviral drugs, etc., providing an important material basis for the development of the pharmaceutical industry.
(2) Clinical treatment: DL asparagine monohydrate itself also has certain pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, it can be directly used for clinical treatment of certain diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress related diseases, etc.
(3) Drug carrier: Due to its good water solubility and biocompatibility, DL asparagine monohydrate can also be used as a drug carrier for drug delivery and sustained release. By combining it with drugs to form complexes, targeted delivery and sustained release of drugs in vivo can be achieved, improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects.
3. Agricultural sector
(1) Plant nutrition: DL asparagine monohydrate can serve as a nutritional supplement for plants, providing necessary nitrogen and carbon sources. By adding it to plant culture medium or spraying it on plant leaves, it can promote plant growth and development, improve plant yield and quality.
(2) Agricultural biotechnology: In the field of agricultural biotechnology, DL asparagine monohydrate also plays an important role. It can participate in biological reaction processes as a biocatalyst, such as biological nitrogen fixation, biodegradation, etc., providing new ideas and methods for the development of agricultural biotechnology.
4. Cosmetics field
(1) Moisturizing and moisturizing: DL-Asparagine Monohydrate has a wide range of applications in the cosmetics field. Due to its excellent moisturizing and moisturizing effects, it is often added to skincare products, cosmetics, and other products to improve the moisture content and moisturization of the skin.
(2) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory: In addition, DL asparagine monohydrate also has certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It can help eliminate free radicals, inhibit inflammatory reactions, etc., thereby helping to improve skin condition and delay skin aging.
(3) Enhancing skin barrier: DL asparagine monohydrate can also enhance skin barrier function, enhance skin resistance and immunity. By adding it to cosmetics, it can help the skin resist external environmental damage and irritation.
5. Food industry
(1) Food additive: DL asparagine monohydrate can be used as a food additive to improve the taste and nutritional value of food. For example, it can be added to various foods as a flavor enhancer, nutritional enhancer, etc.
(2) Food preservation: In addition, DL asparagine monohydrate also has a certain preservation effect. It can inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in food, extend the shelf life and shelf life of food.
6. Other fields
(1) Environmental protection: In the field of environmental protection, DL asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biodegradable agent to treat pollutants such as wastewater and exhaust gas. By adding it to the treatment system, it can promote the biodegradation and transformation process of pollutants, reduce their concentration and toxicity.
(2) New material development: In addition, DL asparagine monohydrate can also be used as a raw material for new material development. By compounding or modifying with other substances, new materials with special properties can be prepared, such as biodegradable plastics, antibacterial materials, etc.
DL-Asparagine Monohydrate is an important organic compound, and its laboratory synthesis method uses phenylacetic acid as the raw material, which is prepared through several steps. Below, we will provide a detailed introduction to the specific steps and chemical reactions during the experimental process.
The overall reaction equation is as follows:
C6H5CH2COOH+NaOH+HCl → C6H5CH2CONH2 · H2O+NaCl
Materials required for the experiment:
1. Phenylacetic acid
2. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
3. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
4. Ethanol
5. Water
Experimental steps and chemical reactions:
1. Preparation of sodium phenylacetate
Add phenylacetic acid to an appropriate amount of water, then add solid sodium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved to produce sodium phenylacetate.
C6H5CH2COOH+NaOH → C6H5CH2COONa+H2O
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2. Acidification reaction
Add sodium phenylacetate and hydrochloric acid to an appropriate amount of ethanol, and adjust the pH value of the reaction mixture to keep it between 4-5. Then stir the reaction mixture for 2 hours to generate DL asparagine (D, L-Aspartic acid).
C6H5CH2COONa+HCl → C6H5CH2COOH+NaCl
C6H5CH2COOH+NaOH → C6H5CH2COONa+H2O
C6H5CH2COOH+NaOH+HCl → C6H5CH2COOH+NaCl+H2O
3. Crystallization and drying
The product obtained by crystallization and filtration of the reaction mixture is DL asparagine. Then dry DL asparagine to obtain DL asparagine monohydrate.
C6H5CH2COOH+NH3 → C6H5CH2CONH2
C6H5CH2CONH2+H2O → C6H5CH2CONH2 · H2O
It should be noted that the conditions of each step should be strictly controlled during the experimental process to ensure the purity and quality of the product. At the same time, safe operation is also very important, and appropriate protective equipment should be worn and laboratory safety regulations should be followed.
The discovery of DL asparagine monohydrate can be traced back to the late 19th century, when the fields of organic chemistry and biochemistry were in a rapidly developing stage. Scientists are committed to finding and synthesizing new amino acid derivatives to explore their potential applications in the fields of biochemistry and medicine. In this context, DL asparagine monohydrate has gradually entered the research field as a novel amino acid derivative. Early research mainly focused on the isolation and identification of amino acids.
In 1806, French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin first isolated asparagine from Asparagus plants, marking the first discovery of asparagine. Subsequently, scientists began to study the chemical properties and biological activity of asparagine.
At the end of the 19th century, German chemist Emil Fischer made significant breakthroughs in the study of amino acids. He successfully synthesized various amino acids and proposed the peptide bond theory of amino acids, laying the foundation for later peptide synthesis.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advancement of organic synthesis technology, scientists began to attempt the synthesis of asparagine derivatives.
In 1901, German chemist Hermann Emil Fischer first synthesized DL asparagine, which is a precursor to DL asparagine monohydrate. Fisher successfully synthesized DL asparagine by reacting aspartic acid with ammonia. This synthesis method provides important reference for the later synthesis of DL asparagine monohydrate.
In the mid-20th century, with the deepening of research on amino acid derivatives, the synthesis method of DL asparagine monohydrate was significantly improved. The introduction of new catalysts and reaction conditions makes the synthesis process more efficient and controllable. For example, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensing agent can significantly improve the coupling efficiency between aspartic acid and ammonia. In addition, the optimization of hydration reaction significantly improved the yield of DL asparagine monohydrate. During this period, the application scope of DL asparagine monohydrate gradually expanded. Scientists have discovered that it can not only serve as an intermediate in peptide synthesis, but also as a chiral synthesizer for constructing complex chiral molecules. This discovery further promotes the application research of DL asparagine monohydrate in biochemistry.
Since the 1990s, with the development of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput synthesis technology, the synthesis and application research of DL asparagine monohydrate have entered a new stage. The introduction of automated synthesis instruments has made it possible to synthesize and screen DL asparagine monohydrate derivatives on a large scale. In addition, the application of computer-aided drug design (CADD) technology provides new ideas for the use of DL asparagine monohydrate in drug development.
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