Humic Acid Powder CAS 1415-93-6

Humic Acid Powder CAS 1415-93-6

Product Code: BM-1-2-269
CAS number: 1415-93-6
Molecular formula: C9H9NO6
Molecular weight: 227.169998168945
EINECS number: 215-809-6
MDL No.: MFCD00147177
Hs code: 29420000
Analysis items: HPLC>99.0%, LC-MS
Main market: USA, Australia, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Indonesia, UK, New Zealand , Canada etc.

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Humic acid powder (NHA) is a widely present macromolecular organic substance in nature. Generally black brown or black in color, its color increases with the degree of coalification, changing from reddish brown, dark brown to black in sequence. This color change is related to its molecular structure and chemical composition. Humic acid molecules contain a large number of aromatic rings and fatty chains, which gradually condense during coalification, resulting in a darker color. In addition, it also contains some chromophore groups, such as quinone groups, methoxy groups, etc., and the presence of these groups also affects the color of humic acid.

 

Widely used in various fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine and health, environmental protection, etc. 

 

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I. Agricultural Planting: Core Raw Material for Ecological Efficiency Enhancement

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Agriculture represents the largest application scenario of humic acid powder and serves as a fundamental substrate for ecological agriculture. Compatible with all types of food crops, fruits, vegetables, seedlings and cash crops, it exerts integrated effects on soil improvement, fertilizer efficiency boosting and stress resistance & quality improvement of crops.For soil amelioration, NHA optimizes soil aggregate structure, loosens compacted soil, and enhances water and nutrient retention of sandy soil. It also balances soil pH, rehabilitates saline-alkali and acidified land, and alleviates secondary salinization in greenhouse cultivation.

Its unique chelating structure passivates heavy metals including lead, cadmium and chromium in soil, blocks their uptake by crops, and effectively remediates contaminated farmland. Furthermore, it supplies organic carbon sources for beneficial soil microbes, activates microbial activity, accelerates decomposition of soil organic matter, and sustainably improves soil fertility.

In terms of fertilizer efficiency improvement, NHA complexes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as secondary and trace elements like calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. It drastically reduces nutrient leaching and improves fertilizer utilization rate, enabling a 15%–20% reduction in chemical fertilizer application and preventing soil compaction and acidification caused by long-term chemical fertilization.

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It is commonly used as a raw material to produce humic acid water-soluble fertilizers, chelated trace element fertilizers and organic fertilizers.For crop care, dilute humic acid solution can be used for seed soaking to raise germination rates and stimulate root development at seedling stage. Foliar spraying boosts crop photosynthesis, accelerates accumulation of sugars and proteins to improve fruit flavor and appearance, and strengthens crop tolerance against drought, waterlogging and low temperatures. It also helps prevent soil-borne diseases such as root rot and verticillium wilt. When combined with pesticides, it enhances pesticide efficacy and degrades pesticide residues.

II. Livestock & Aquaculture: Green Additive for Quality Farming

Purified and activated feed-grade NHA functions as a safe antibiotic-free farming additive that can partially replace antibiotics. Widely used in livestock breeding and aquaculture, it improves product quality, lowers disease incidence and cuts pollution emissions.In livestock farming, adding it to feed at a ratio of 0.1%–0.2% adsorbs harmful toxins and pathogenic bacteria in animal intestines, repairs intestinal mucosa, balances intestinal microflora, and significantly reduces the incidence of diarrhea, gastroenteritis and other ailments in young animals.

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It facilitates absorption and utilization of proteins and minerals by livestock, elevates feed conversion ratio, accelerates weight gain of broilers and pigs, improves egg laying rate and shell quality of laying hens, and optimizes milk quality of cattle and sheep. In addition, it adsorbs harmful gases including ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock manure, mitigates unpleasant odors on farms and curtails farming pollution discharge.

In aquaculture, NHA acts as an efficient substrate conditioner. It decomposes organic waste such as residual feed and feces in ponds, rapidly adsorbs ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, heavy metals and other hazardous substances in water bodies, stabilizes water pH and restores black and odorous water. It provides organic carbon for beneficial algae and plankton to cultivate balanced algal flora, raises dissolved oxygen levels, suppresses outbreaks of cyanobacteria and moss, alleviates aquaculture stress response, and lowers mortality of aquatic products including shrimp, crabs and sea cucumbers. Mixed into feed for feeding, it effectively prevents common aquatic diseases such as gill rot and enteritis.

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III. Ecological Environmental Protection: Low-Cost Pollution Remediation Material

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Thanks to its superior porous adsorption capacity and ion exchange performance, NHA is a low-cost eco-material for environmental remediation, mainly deployed in soil restoration and water treatment.For soil remediation, beyond farmland improvement, it is applied to mine greening, industrial contaminated site rehabilitation and desertification control. By chelating and passivating heavy metals, it reduces the biological toxicity of soil pollutants, optimizes soil matrix, creates favorable conditions for vegetation growth, and achieves ecological land restoration alongside sand fixation and water retention.

In water treatment, NHA is used for industrial wastewater treatment and ecological maintenance of natural water bodies. For wastewater generated from electroplating, printing and dyeing, and aquaculture industries, it works as a flocculant and adsorbent that rapidly precipitates suspended solids, traps heavy metal ions and organic contaminants, lowers water COD values and purifies sewage at a far lower cost than traditional resin and water treatment chemicals. It also treats black and odorous rivers and lakes and maintains constructed wetlands, restraining water eutrophication, degrading water pollutants, boosting natural water self-purification capacity and rehabilitating aquatic ecosystems.

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IV. Industrial & Chemical Engineering: Multi-Functional Processing Auxiliary

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Modified humic acid powder features strong chemical stability and serves as a versatile auxiliary across numerous industrial sectors including petroleum, building materials, ceramics and metallurgy.In petroleum drilling, sulfonated modified NHA is a premium drilling mud additive with high temperature resistance, borehole collapse prevention and fluid loss control effects. It stabilizes well walls, reduces mud filtration loss, and improves the safety and efficiency of drilling operations.In the building materials industry, it acts as a cement water reducing agent and coal water slurry dispersant to enhance slurry fluidity and cut water consumption. It also serves as a briquette binder to strengthen coal briquette hardness and mitigate dust pollution from coal combustion.

In ceramic manufacturing, NHA works as a plasticizer and diluent for clay bodies, improving clay plasticity, reducing auxiliary dosage, effectively lowering the risk of green body cracking during firing and raising the qualified rate of finished ceramic products.In metallurgy and new energy sectors, it is a non-toxic mineral flotation depressant and rare earth metal precipitant to boost mineral separation efficiency. Meanwhile, it is a core expander for lead-acid batteries, optimizing electrode plate performance and extending battery cycle life. Besides the above scenarios, it is also applied in boiler circulating water scale inhibition, rubber anti-aging treatment, ink dispersion and coloration, featuring extensive application scope and strong practicality.

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V. Wellness & Cosmetics: High-End Refined Skincare Raw Material

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High-purity refined NHA with low heavy metal content is applicable to cosmetics, personal care, physical therapy and wellness industries.In skincare, its abundant active ingredients eliminate skin free radicals, inhibit photoaging and fade fine lines, while delivering potent anti-inflammatory and soothing effects to relieve redness and inflammation of sensitive skin.

Leveraging its excellent adsorption capacity, it binds excess sebum, dirt and trace heavy metals on the skin surface, and is frequently incorporated into mud masks, body wash and scalp care products to deliver dual effects of cleansing and skin repair.In physical therapy and wellness, it is a core raw material for traditional mineral baths and mud baths. It helps improve skin condition and relieve physical fatigue when used externally; it repairs superficial wounds and alleviates skin discomfort, with safe application and remarkable nourishing effects.

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Usage

classification

 

According to the generation method, humic acid can be divided into primary humic acid and regenerated humic acid (including humic acid in naturally weathered coal and artificially oxidized coal).
According to their solubility and color in solvents, humic acid can be classified into humic acid, brown humic acid, and black humic acid. In earlier literature, there were also names for gray humic acid, brown humic acid, and green humic acid, which were actually separated from different solvents.

 

According to their natural binding state, they are further divided into free humic acid and (calcium, magnesium) bound humic acid.

According to the degree of humification (such as absorption coefficient) of humic acid, it is divided into A type, B type (true humic acid), RP type, and P type (immature humic acid).
In soil science, it is generally divided into two components: humic acid and fulvic acid.
Although there are various classifications of humic acid, they have little impact on our research and application work.

 

According to their sources, humic acid can be divided into two categories: natural humic acid and artificial humic acid. In natural humic acid, it is divided into soil humic acid, coal humic acid, water humic acid, and mold humic acid according to their existing fields.

Other properties

 

Humic acid powder is a type of amorphous natural aromatic high-molecular organic mixture with unique physical, chemical and bioactive properties, and its overall property range remains stable, which forms the fundamental basis for its wide-ranging applications across multiple fields.

Physical Properties
 

Pure NHA powder mostly appears dark brown to brownish black with loose and porous texture. Its fineness can be ground to 80–200 mesh as required, featuring a smooth feel and no sharp pungent odor.

 

Its water solubility is highly pH-dependent: it is nearly insoluble in acidic water and only dissolves in weakly alkaline aqueous solutions. It boasts remarkable water absorption capacity-its porous structure can adsorb water several times its own weight, endowing it with excellent water retention and buffering performance.

 

The powder exhibits colloidal activity. When dissolved in alkaline solution, it forms stable hydrophilic colloids capable of dispersing and suspending various trace metal ions and organic particles, while its colloidal stability is slightly affected by temperature and salinity.

 

It also possesses powerful adsorption capacity; its well-developed microporous structure enables physical adsorption of ammonia gas, heavy metal ions, organic toxins, grease molecules and other substances.

Chemical Properties (Core Characteristics)
 

Its molecular skeleton carries abundant active oxygen-containing functional groups including carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl and quinone groups, rendering it weakly acidic overall with an extremely high ion exchange capacity.

 

It can undergo chelation and complexation reactions with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, lead and cadmium to generate stable soluble chelates, which not only activate trace elements but also passivate the toxicity of heavy metals.The molecule features reversible redox properties: quinone groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups are mutually convertible, allowing humic acid to act as a natural redox buffer in soil and water bodies and regulate environmental redox potential.

 

It delivers favorable chemical stability: it resists decomposition at room temperature, withstands high temperatures and slow microbial degradation, and retains efficacy after long-term storage. It features strong compatibility when compounded with acids, alkalis, fertilizers, pesticides and inorganic salts, with rare occurrence of precipitation and efficacy loss.

Bioactive Properties
 

Distinct from ordinary organic matter, NHA acts as a biostimulant. At low concentrations, it regulates cellular metabolism in plants and animals, boosts root meristem growth and improves photosynthetic efficiency.

 

It supplies slow-release organic carbon sources for microorganisms, stimulates the proliferation of beneficial flora in soil and water, and inhibits the reproduction of harmful pathogenic bacteria.It has no acute toxicity and is safe for plants, animals and aquatic organisms under standard dosages. It can undergo natural biodegradation without risks of environmental residual accumulation.

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The manufacturing of humic acid powder mainly involves core steps such as raw material selection, extraction process, purification and drying. The production process needs to be optimized based on the characteristics of the raw materials and the target purity.

Raw Material Selection

 

The raw materials for NHA are widely available and mainly consist of the following categories:

Coal types

Weathered coal, lignite, peat and other coal resources rich in humic acid are traditional production raw materials. For example, after being crushed, weathered coal can be used to extract potassium humic acid, which can then be used to prepare liquid mulch or fertilizer.

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Plant residues

Peat, compost, straw and other organic waste can generate humic acid through microbial decomposition. These raw materials have strong environmental friendliness, but the fermentation conditions need to be controlled to ensure the content of humic acid.

Industrial by-products

Some waste liquids containing humic acid from chemical production processes can also be recycled and reused to reduce production costs.

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Extraction process

The extraction of humic acid is usually carried out using chemical solvent methods. The core steps are as follows:

 

Alkaline dissolution: Mix the raw materials with potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) solutions and stir under heating conditions to dissolve humic acid and form a humic acid salt solution. For example, mix weathered coal with KOH at a weight ratio of 100:0.2~0.7, heat the mixture, and then let it stand to precipitate. Take the supernatant to obtain potassium humate solution.

 

Acid precipitation: Add sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the humic acid salt solution to adjust the pH to 1~2, causing humic acid to precipitate in the form of black powder. This step requires controlling the acidity and temperature to avoid co-precipitation of impurities.

 

Filtering and washing: Separate the humic acid precipitate by centrifugation or filtration, and wash it multiple times with deionized water to remove residual salts and impurities.

Purification and Drying

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Purification

Solvent extraction: Further purify humic acid using organic solvents (such as ethanol, acetone) to remove pigments and small molecule impurities.

Ion exchange: Adsorb metal ions in humic acid using ion exchange resins to improve product purity.

Membrane separation technology: Use ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes to retain large molecular humic acid and achieve molecular-level separation.

Drying

Spray drying: Spray the humic acid solution into hot air to evaporate water instantly and obtain powder-like products. This method is highly efficient, but the inlet air temperature (usually 150~200℃) needs to be controlled to prevent the decomposition of humic acid.

Freeze drying: Freeze the humic acid solution and sublimate the water, retaining the product's activity, but it is more costly.

Vacuum drying: Dry at low temperature (50~80℃) and under reduced pressure, suitable for heat-sensitive substances, but the cycle is longer.

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Control of Key Process Parameters

pH value

 

 

Precisely control the pH during extraction and purification to avoid damage to the humic acid structure. For example, the pH during acid precipitation needs to be strictly controlled at 1~2.

Temperature

 

 

The alkaline dissolution and drying temperatures need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of the raw materials. The alkaline dissolution temperature for coal-based raw materials is usually 60~80℃, while for plant residues, a lower temperature may be required to prevent degradation.

Time

 

 

The reaction time affects the yield and purity of humic acid. For example, the alkaline dissolution reaction needs to last for 2~4 hours to ensure complete dissolution.

Stirring speed

 

 

During extraction, stirring can accelerate the diffusion of solutes, but excessive shearing should be avoided to prevent the breakdown of humic acid molecules.

FAQ
 
 

What is humic acid powder used for?

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Humic acid powder are derived from an organic plant deposits that are useful for the development of white root, increases water holding capacity in soil, transfers nutrients from soil to crop root and stimulates the production of chlorophyll. It helps the micro nutrients to penetrate the root nodules faster.

Is humic extract safe for pregnancy?

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When taken by mouth: There isn't enough reliable information to know if humic acid is safe or what the side effects might be. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if humic acid is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

What does humic acid do for your body?

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Humic acids improve nutrient absorption. They increase the permeability of cell membranes, allowing essential nutrients to pass through more efficiently. This means the body readily absorbs vitamins and minerals ingested into the bloodstream, enhancing their bioavailability.

 

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