L-carnitine is called lclt for short. Pure carnitine is the white lens or white transparent fine powder. It is very soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. L-carnitine is easy to absorb moisture, has good water solubility and water absorption, and can withstand high temperatures above 200 ℃. It has no toxic side effects on the human body. Red meat is the main source of L-carnitine, which can also be synthesized by the human body to meet physiological needs. It is not a real vitamin, but a substance similar to vitamins.
From the perspective of chemistry, L-carnitine powder is a basic chemical. It exists in two forms: carnitine solution and L-carnitine powder. These two forms of chemicals can be provided by our laboratory. They exist in various substances as additives. Carnitine belongs to amphoteric ions. When the pH is neutral, L-carnitine exists in the form of lactone and has good stability. Unlike ordinary amino acids, L-carnitine does not carry an amine group, but a positively charged quaternary ammonium group, which is not affected by pH conditions. Moreover, the chelation process can not only form a four-membered ring on its carboxyl group but also form a six-membered ring on hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Therefore, it can form a variety of stable chelates with many metal ions, such as copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium, etc, The possible structure is shown in the figure below. In actual use, L-carnitine is usually prepared as a non-hygroscopic salt due to its strong hygroscopicity and ease to agglomerate at room temperature. Based on this principle, L-carnitine is prepared as a nonhygroscopic salt, such as calcium and magnesium salts of L-carnitine tartaric acid, L-carnitine fumarate, and acetyl L-carnitine galactose ester. Now it has also been studied and synthesized as L-carnitine whey acid salt, Convenient for storage, transportation, and packaging.
L-carnitine widely exists in nature, and the content of carnitine in muscle tissue is high. Animal experiments showed that the concentration of L-carnitine in the adrenal gland was the highest, followed by heart, bone, muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Free L-carnitine is excreted through urine. Carnitine is required by the human body through dietary intake and/or endogenous synthesis. The human liver and kidney can synthesize carnitine from lysine and methionine and need the assistance of VC, niacin, VB6, and iron. VC is necessary for carnitine biosynthesis. Among all nutritional cofactors, VC has the greatest effect on the rate of carnitine biosynthesis. Experiments have proved that the carnitine biosynthesis rate in the kidney of vitamin deficient guinea pigs is reduced by 8 ~ 10 times, and the heart and skeletal muscle are particularly sensitive to it. The concentration of carnitine in these tissues decreased by 50% in VC deficient animals. Iron is also needed in the response to VC. The concentration of carnitine in liver and heart tissue of pregnant rats with iron deficiency decreased significantly. The brief process of synthesis in the human body is:
Lysine → (VC, nicotinic acid) → γ- Trimethylaminobutyric acid → L-carnitine
Intermediate stage: methionine (VB6, iron)
L-carnitine has certain functions in maintaining infant life and promoting some physiological processes of infant development, such as ketogenic effect, ammonia metabolism, and so on. Adults can synthesize the concentration of L-carnitine needed to maintain normal metabolism, but infants have weak synthesis ability of L-carnitine, which is only 12-15% of adults, especially premature infants. L-carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for infants and plays an important role in the metabolism of infants using fat as an energy source. The heart is the most "diligent" organ of the human body. It needs to pump blood continuously to maintain human life. At least 2 / 3 of the energy source of heart cells in constant motion comes from fat oxidation, and L-carnitine is an indispensable key substance for fat oxidation, which is conducive to the health care of heart and blood vessels. L-carnitine is very important for the health of cardiomyocytes. Supplementing enough L-carnitine can improve the heart function of people with congestive heart problems, minimize its damage after a heart attack, reduce the pain of angina pectoris, and improve arrhythmia without affecting blood pressure. In addition, L-carnitine can also improve the level of high-density lipoprotein in the blood, help clear cholesterol in the body, protect blood vessels, reduce blood lipids, and reduce the blood pressure of patients with hypertension.
Studies have shown that it also plays a certain role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Studies have shown that L-carnitine also plays a certain role in male reproduction. To a certain extent, it is conducive to improving the quality of male sperm. It is an energy substance for sperm maturation and has the function of improving the number and vitality of sperm.
L-carnitine, as a very good nutrient for the human body, exists in people's daily foods. In order to ensure our health, we need to supplement it in time when the content of L-carnitine is insufficient to maintain the normal operation of body function.
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