GLP-1(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/peptide/glp-1-peptide-cas-87805-34-3.html) consists of two interconnected polypeptide chains: a peptide chain with 21 amino acid residues at the N-terminus (GLP-1[7-27]), and a peptide chain with 30 amino acid residues at the C-terminus (GLP-1 [28-58]), there is a condensation bridge between the chains. The chemical formula of GLP-1 is C165H264N50O55S2, the molar mass is about 3.8 kDa, and the CAS 87805-34-3. The charge state of GLP-1 changes with pH. When the pH is lower than the isoelectric point of GLP-1, GLP-1 is positively charged; when the pH is greater than the isoelectric point, GLP-1 is negatively charged. Under physiological conditions, GLP-1 is usually negatively charged. Has strong redox sensitivity and protease sensitivity. Under physiological conditions, GLP-1 is often rapidly hydrolyzed by proteases such as trypsin, thereby losing its biological activity. In addition, thermal energy, pH, metal ions and other factors will also affect the stability of GLP-1. In order to improve the stability of GLP-1, researchers usually use various methods to improve it, such as chemical modification and molecular structure adjustment.
GLP-1 is a glucagon-like polypeptide, which is mainly synthesized and secreted by intestinal L cells. It has important biological functions in regulating blood sugar, appetite, body weight, etc. It is an important drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In addition, GLP-1 is also widely used in other fields, such as cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, nervous system diseases and tumors.
1. Treatment of type 2 diabetes:
The earliest application of GLP-1 was to treat type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 drugs can stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucose production, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. Compared with other hypoglycemic drugs, GLP-1 drugs have the advantages of lowering body weight and reducing hypoglycemic events. Commonly used GLP-1 drugs include exexagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide, dapagliflozin, etc.
2. Treatment of obesity:
In addition to treating diabetes, GLP-1 drugs are also widely used in the treatment of obesity. This is due to the better effect of GLP-1 drugs in increasing satiety and reducing appetite. Currently available GLP-1 drugs include exenatide, liraglutide, and canagliflozin.
3. Cardiovascular disease:
GLP-1 drugs also have a certain protective effect on cardiovascular diseases. A number of clinical trials have shown that GLP-1 drugs can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events, such as non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. At the same time, GLP-1 drugs can also improve endothelial function and arteriosclerosis. Long-acting liraglutide, exenatide, and dapagliflozin have all been approved in the field of cardiovascular diseases.
4. Liver disease:
Recent studies have found that GLP-1 drugs also have good application prospects in the treatment of liver diseases. GLP-1 drugs can reduce liver fat accumulation and inflammatory response, thereby improving the symptoms of fatty liver disease, and also have a certain preventive effect on liver cirrhosis and other diseases. GLP-1 drugs such as exenatide and long-acting liraglutide have received extensive attention in research in recent years.
5. Nervous system diseases:
In addition to the above fields, GLP-1 drugs are also widely used in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. GLP-1 drugs can protect neurons through various mechanisms, such as reducing inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing neuronal metabolism. Currently ongoing clinical trials have shown that GLP-1 drugs have good therapeutic effects and less side effects.
6. Tumor:
The latest research shows that GLP-1 drugs may also play a certain role in tumor treatment. Some laboratory studies have shown that GLP-1 drugs can exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. In addition, the GLP-1 receptor is also widely expressed in tumor tissues. Clinical research on GLP-1 drugs in tumor treatment is in progress.
In conclusion, GLP-1 is a multifunctional bioactive peptide, which has various physiological effects such as regulating blood sugar, appetite, and body weight. GLP-1 drugs have been widely used in the fields of type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, nervous system diseases and tumors. With the in-depth research on the mechanism of GLP-1, it is believed that GLP-1 drugs will be continuously applied and developed in various fields.