Quetiapine fumarate(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/quetiapine-fumarate-powder-cas-111974-72-2.html) is a drug that is a white to off-white crystalline solid that is usually in the form of a powder in its pure state. The solubility in water is relatively low. Its solubility in other solvents such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide is higher. The pH value in aqueous solution is generally in the neutral to slightly acidic range. It is a chiral molecule, and there are two chiral isomers, namely (R)- and (S)-isomers. These isomers may have different effects on the pharmacological activity and pharmaceutical process. As an antipsychotic drug, it may have certain effects on the attention and impulse control of ADHD patients by affecting the activity of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. It reduces hyperactivity symptoms, increases self-control, and helps improve emotional stability in patients. However, when using Quetiapine fumarate, you should follow the doctor's instructions, and strictly control the dosage and method of use to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine fumarate) is a widely used drug, mainly used to treat a variety of mental disorders.
1. Schizophrenia: Quetiapine fumarate is a typical antipsychotic drug, which is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It acts on multiple neurotransmitter receptors, especially dopamine and serotonin receptors, to reduce positive symptoms (such as hallucinations, delusions, etc.) and negative symptoms (such as apathy, social withdrawal, etc.) in patients with schizophrenia .
2. Bipolar Disorder: Quetiapine fumarate is also used to treat bipolar disorder (manic depression). During the manic phase, the drug reduces symptoms such as agitation, irritability, impulsivity, and sleep problems; during the depressive phase, it reduces symptoms such as depression, suicidal tendencies, and anxiety.
3. Depression: Quetiapine fumarate is usually used in combination with other antidepressants to enhance clinical efficacy. It can be used to treat major depressive symptoms and improve sleep quality in people with depression.
4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Quetiapine fumarate is also used to treat generalized anxiety disorder. It reduces symptoms such as anxiety, tension, and fear, helping patients return to a normal emotional state.
5. Insomnia-related disorders: Since Quetiapine fumarate has sedative and hypnotic effects, it is used to treat insomnia-related disorders. It helps patients fall asleep and maintain a good quality of sleep.
6. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Quetiapine fumarate is also used in some autistic patients. It can reduce symptoms such as difficulty with social interaction, stereotyped behavior, and loss of emotional control.
Quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine fumarate) has certain applications in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
7. Quetiapine fumarate may reduce the symptoms of PTSD patients through its anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. It can help reduce hyperarousal and anxiety, relieve sleep problems, and improve emotional stability. In addition, Quetiapine fumarate also has a calming effect, which can reduce the experience of disturbing and fearful memories of trauma.
However, for the treatment of PTSD, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other psychotherapeutic approaches are often considered the treatment of choice. Medication is often used in combination with psychotherapy for better results. Therefore, when considering Quetiapine fumarate for the treatment of PTSD, physicians generally evaluate a patient's symptoms and needs comprehensively and develop an individualized treatment plan.
8. Quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine fumarate) is usually not the drug of choice in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it may be considered in some cases.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. Although Quetiapine fumarate is not an FDA-approved drug for ADHD, there are some specific situations where doctors may consider it for ADHD, especially when other commonly used treatments are not working as expected.
The synthesis of Quetiapine involves two key intermediates, namely (Z)-2-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethylidene]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and (Z)-2 -[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-one. They are synthesized through a series of reactions and finally undergo a condensation reaction with fumaric acid to form Quetiapine fumarate.
The following are brief steps for the synthesis of Quetiapine fumarate:
Step 1: The reaction of benzofuran and paraformaldehyde produces 7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one.
C8H6O + (CH2O)x → 7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one + H2O
Step 2: Reduce 7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one to generate 7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-one.
Step 3: Insertion reaction of 7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-one with N-methylindole copper salt to generate (Z)-2-[2-(2,3 -dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethylidene]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Step 4: Reduction of (Z)-2-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethylidene]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline yields (Z)-2-[2-( 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-one.
Step 5: Condensate (Z)-2-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-one with fumaric acid to form Quetiapine fumarate.
The chemical structure of Quetiapine fumarate is shown in the figure below:
This is the structural formula of Quetiapine fumarate, which cannot show a more precise spatial configuration due to limitations. Quetiapine fumarate belongs to the quetiapine class of antipsychotic drugs, and its chemical name is (±)-2-[2-(4-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-yl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy] ethanol fumarate.
The following is a detailed description of the molecular structure of Quetiapine fumarate:
- The main skeleton of Quetiapine fumarate is formed by linking a dibenzothiophene ring (dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine) with a piperazine ring (piperazine).
- An oxygen atom on the carbon atom of the dibenzothiophene ring in the backbone is connected to an ethanol group (ethanol).
- The nitrogen atom in the piperazine ring is connected to the carbon atom in the dibenzothiophene ring through an ethoxy group.
- The structure of Quetiapine fumarate also contains two carboxylic acid groups, one of which is attached to the carbon atom of the dibenzothiophene ring, and the other carboxylic acid group is attached to one of the fumaric acid on the carbon atom.
- Quetiapine fumarate belongs to a kind of binary salt compound, which is formed by Quetiapine and fumaric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1.