Sodium formate (English Name: formic acid sodium salt) is also known as sodium formic acid. The crystal contains two crystal water, so it is also known as sodium formate dihydrate, sodium formate dihydrate and sodium formic acid dihydrate. Sodium formate is the simplest organic carboxylic acid salt, which is white crystal or powder with a slight formic acid smell. Slightly deliquescent and hygroscopic. It is easily soluble in about 1.3 parts of water and glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol and octanol, and insoluble in ether. The aqueous solution is alkaline. When heated, sodium formate is decomposed into hydrogen and sodium oxalate, and then sodium carbonate is generated. Sodium formate is mainly used in the production of insurance powder, oxalic acid and formic acid. In the leather industry, it is used as camouflage acid in the chrome tanning process, as catalyst and stabilizing synthetic agent, and as reducing agent in the printing and dyeing industry. Sodium formate is harmless to human body and has irritating effects on eyes, respiratory system and skin. The molecular formula is CHO2Na and the chemical structural formula is CHO2Na and HCOONa、HCOONa·2H2O.
Use of sodium formate:
(1) Production of formic acid with sodium formate:
Formic acid can be obtained by reacting sodium formate with sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfate is a by-product. The production process is simple.
(2) Production of oxalic acid with sodium formate:
Sodium formate is dehydrogenated to sodium oxalate, and sodium oxalate is obtained by lead sulphate and sulfuric acid acidification. It is mainly used as reducing agent, bleaching agent, mordant in printing and dyeing industry, etc; It is also widely used in rare earth refining. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce antibiotics, borneol and other drugs. It is used to synthesize various oxalate, oxalate and oxalamide.
(3) Sodium formate is used to produce sodium dithionite
(4) Sodium formate as oil drilling fluid
Sodium formate has become a series of products for drilling fluid. It is sold to major domestic oilfields such as North China, Dagang, Shengli, Liaohe, Xinjiang and CNOOC Bohai, Zhanjiang and Shanghai, and exported to Kazakhstan, South America and Africa. Sodium formate drilling fluid system is a drilling fluid completion fluid system with semi permeable membrane effect. It forms a solid-free drilling mud system together with other chemical additives in oil drilling. It can achieve high density and low viscosity of mud, improve drilling speed, protect oil (gas) layer, prevent collapse, and extend the service life of drill bit and oil well. It is an advanced and environmentally friendly material in the field of oil (gas) production technology. The use of sodium formate mud is conducive to stabilizing the shale, reducing the damage to the rock layer, and ensuring that the drilling and completion are in the best working condition.
(5) Other uses of sodium formate
1. Environmental friendly snow melting agent.
2. Gold extraction.
3. Exit.
The exported sodium formate is generally used for concrete composite multifunctional water reducer and environmental protection snow melting agent.
It is a compound multifunctional water reducer of sodium formate type, and its main components are sodium formate, waste syrup, polyethanol, etc. It is an aqueous solution with a concentration of 40% ~ 50%, which can obviously accelerate the hardening process of concrete and make cement have microporous structure. Improve the compactness, frost resistance and corrosion resistance of concrete. Mixed with composite multifunctional water reducer, the fluidity of the mixture can be increased from 2-3cm to 18-20cm, or the fluidity is unchanged and the concrete strength is increased by 30% - 50%, or the cement is saved by 10% - 20%. The amount of compound multifunctional water reducer is only 0.6% ~ 0.8% of the cement quality. When used to manufacture steam cured concrete, the curing time can be shortened by 3H. This composite multifunctional water reducer is widely used in the manufacture of hydraulic components and concrete prefabricated parts, such as the protective panels of rivers and canals.
There are several methods to synthesize sodium formate:
1. Carbon oxide synthesis method:
Production method: first, the solution of carbon monoxide (common product: gas) and sodium hydroxide (also known as caustic soda, caustic soda and caustic soda) are reacted at a high temperature of 160-200 ° C and a pressure of 2MPa to form sodium formate, and then the finished formic acid is obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis or distillation.
2. Neopentyl glycol by-product method:
There are two ways to produce sodium formate by neopentyl glycol by-product method. The production methods are different and the advantages are different.
The first is to produce neopentyl glycol in a more traditional way, and the process adopted is called disproportionation process. The advantages of production are: high content of neopentyl glycol, low price and black color.
The second production method is made by improving the production process through disproportionation. It is a unique way to produce sodium formate in China, also known as neopentyl glycol methanol process. Advantages: white color, high purity, not easy to agglomerate, wide application field, large export volume.
3. Pentaerythritol by-product method:
Pentaerythritol by-product method and neopentyl glycol by-product method also have two production methods. The first is a more common and traditional production process. The advantages are low price and light yellow color. The second is a production method upgraded from the traditional method. Advantages: white color, high purity and large export volume.
4. Trimethylolpropane:
N-butyraldehyde and formaldehyde aqueous solution undergo alcohol aldehyde condensation reaction under the action of basic catalyst to produce 2.2-dihydroxymethyl butyraldehyde. 2.2-dihydroxymethyl J aldehyde and excess formaldehyde undergo cross connizaro reaction under strong alkali conditions to produce trimethylolpropane. Formaldehyde is oxidized to form formic acid, and formic acid and sodium hydroxide are neutralized to form sodium formate.
There are many ways to produce sodium formate. Sodium formate is a chemical product that is non-toxic to human body. It needs to pay attention to moisture during transportation. Sodium formate is not controlled and can be used even if it is caked during daily storage.