Spinosad cream, a macrolide antibiotic insecticide carefully developed by Dow Agricultural Company in the United States, stands out for its excellent insecticidal performance. It can quickly kill and stomach poison pets, while exhibiting strong penetration into leaves, penetrating deep into the epidermis to eliminate pets. It is worth mentioning that its residual effect lasts for several weeks and even has a certain killing effect on the eggs of certain pets. Although it does not have an internal suction effect, its high efficiency and safety for beneficial insects and mammals make it an ideal choice for pollution-free vegetable and fruit production.
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Spinosad +. COA
Spinosad cream, also known as fungicide, is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly macrolide insecticide extracted from the fermentation broth of soil actinomycete Saccharomyces spinosa. Since entering the market in 1997, polymyxin has been widely used in various fields such as agriculture, warehousing, and health due to its unique mechanism of action, efficient insecticidal activity, and good safety.
Plutella xylostella:
Plutella xylostella is an important pest on cruciferous vegetables. Its young larvae feed on the leaf flesh, leaving behind the epidermis and forming transparent spots, commonly known as "skylight opening"; 3-4 instar larvae can eat vegetable leaves into holes and notches, and in severe cases, the entire leaf can be eaten into a mesh. Doxycycline has a good control effect on diamondback moth, especially when used in the early larval stage, with even better control effects. For example, in the peak period of the young larvae of diamondback moth, 2.5% doxorubicin suspension can be used for 1000-1500 times of liquid spray evenly, or 2.5% suspension can be used for 33-50ml of water per mu for 20-50kg of spray.
Beet armyworm:
Beet armyworm is an omnivorous pest that damages leaves with its larvae. The newly hatched larvae cluster on the back of the leaves, spin silk and form a net, feed on the leaf flesh inside the leaves, leave the epidermis, and form transparent small holes; After 3 years of age, the leaves can be eaten into holes or notches, and in severe cases, only leaf veins and petioles remain, causing the death of sweet cabbage seedlings, resulting in seedling loss, ridge cutting, and even seed destruction. Doxomycin has a good control effect on the young larvae of Spodoptera exigua. At the young larvae stage, 2.5% suspension agent 50-100ml is used to spray water per mu, and the best effect is in the evening.
Rice pest control
Chilo suppressalis:
The rice stem borer is one of the main pests of rice, which feeds on leaf sheaths, ear buds, stems, etc. by burrowing into rice plants as larvae. The larvae first gather on the inner side of the leaf sheath to eat and cause damage, and water stained yellow spots appear on the outer surface of the leaf sheath. Later, the leaf sheath turns yellow and the leaves gradually die, which is called the withering period. After larvae enter the rice stem, the tip of the sword leaf turns yellow, and severe yellowing of the heart leaf leads to death. The affected stem has holes, and there is very little insect feces outside the holes. There is a lot of yellow insect feces inside the stem, and the rice stem is prone to breakage. Doxorubicin has good control effect on Chilo suppressalis. In the early larval stage, 480g/L suspension agent 6-10mL per mu, 50kg water spray, once or twice, with an interval of 5-7 days.
Rice-leaf roller
The rice leaf roller, commonly known as the leaf roller or white leaf roller, is the main pest of cereal crops such as wheat and rice. The larvae entangle the silk threads of rice leaves and the adult bract. The larvae hide in it to feed on the leaf flesh, leaving only the epidermis, forming white stripes, resulting in a decrease in the thousand grain weight of rice and an increase in the number of chaff grains, leading to a reduction in yield. To prevent and control the rice leaf roller, 10% polymyxin 30-40 grams/acre can be used. It is applied during the peak period of the young larvae of the rice leaf roller, showing good quick and sustained effectiveness. When there are many occurrences of the rice leaf roller, it can be used in combination with insecticides such as imidacloprid and imidacloprid to achieve better control effects.
Control of other crop pests
potato beetle
Potato beetle is an important pet of potatoes, native to the Rocky Mountains in North America and widely distributed around the world. Both adults and larvae feed on potato leaves, causing leaves to have notches or holes. In severe cases, the leaves can be completely consumed, leaving only leaf veins, which seriously affects the yield and quality of potatoes. Domusticin can effectively control coleoptera pets such as potato beetles, and can be spray with appropriate concentration of Domusticin at the initial stage of pet occurrence.
Tea geometrid
The tea geometrid is one of the main pets of tea trees. Its larvae feed on tea leaves, and when it occurs, it can leave tea gardens completely bare, seriously affecting the yield and quality of tea leaves. Domusticin has certain control effect on tea geometrid. According to the occurrence of pests, appropriate dosage form and concentration can be selected for spray control.
Common pest control in grain storage:
There are various types of stored grain pets, with over 200 species in China, causing significant losses in the storage, transportation, and circulation of grain. The extensive abuse of chemical pesticides has affected the quality of food, so bio based insecticides are highly favored. The degradation method of polymyxin does not impose a burden on the environment and can be rapidly decomposed and metabolized in plants, with low dietary residues and high commercial promotion value. At present, insecticides registered in the United States can be used on grain crops such as barley, corn, rice, and wheat.
In China, polymyxin is also used for the control of storage pets. 1.0mg/kg polymyxin can effectively prevent and control common grain storage pets, such as rust red flat grain thief, corn borer, sawmill, rice weevil, corn weevil, etc. The discovery time of major grain storage pests such as corn weevil and red flour beetle in the group of polymyxin and its compound in the experimental warehouse was later than that in the untreated control warehouse, and the insect density in the control warehouse was 1.4 times that of the experimental warehouse. Scholars have also found that polymyxin can enhance the sensitivity of stored grain pets to temperature, reduce their tolerance, and thus have insecticidal effects.
Different dosage forms and usage methods
In order to meet the needs of pet control in storage, spinosad cream has been developed into various formulations, such as powdrs, water emulsions, microemulsions, etc. In the prevention and control of storage pets, appropriate dosage forms and usage methods can be selected according to different storage environments and pet species. For example, in a light and oxygen deficient environment, polymyxin hardly decomposes during a one-year storage period, and its insecticidal activity can be maintained for 1-2 years.
Mosquito and fly control:
Sanitary pets are important vectors for the spread of infectious diseases and have serious impacts on human life and physical health. The long-term prevention and control of chemical pesticides such as high-dose organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate have made the problem of mosquito and fly resistance increasingly serious. Controlling and eliminating vector organisms from the source is fundamental to protecting residents' health and promoting socio-economic development. The killing effect of polymyxin has been validated on hygiene pets such as Aedes mosquitoes, Anopheles mosquitoes, and houseflies. For example, using multi fungicide granules and tablets to control the larvae of Culex trituberculatus in simulated paddy fields in the wild, the reduction rate of older larvae after granule treatment was higher than that of tablets, and both formulations had a longer effective period for controlling Culex trituberculatus.
Prevention and control of other sanitary pests:
Doxycycline can also be used to control other hygiene pets, such as cockroaches, fleas, etc. Sheele used polymyxin to control a human ectoparasite called temperate bedbug that feeds on blood. The peak blood concentration after application was used to determine the drug dosage, and the lethal ability of polymyxin at a dose of 1000ng/mL or higher reached 75.0%.
Prevention and control of livestock parasites：
Doxycycline also has excellent preventive and therapeutic effects on livestock parasites, with low toxicity and easy degradation, and minimal damage to livestock themselves. Packianathan et al. administered polymyxin to dogs on days 0, 30, and 60. On day 14, the flea count decreased by 94.6% compared to day 0, and on day 60, the average effective rate against fleas was greater than 98.8%.
(2) Prevention and treatment of pet parasites
Franc et al. used spinosad cream to treat and control cat fleas, with selemycin as the control group. After 60 days of treatment, the average number of fleas in the experimental group decreased by 96.0%, and the prevention and control effect was better than that of the control group. The treated animals had no adverse reactions. Although there are not many reports on the use of ethyl fungicides in the prevention and treatment of animal parasites, their efficacy is significant. Paarlberg et al. compared the control effects of different drugs on cat fleas, and the results showed that the effective rate of ethyl fungicide treatment on cat fleas was greater than 96.0% from 0 to 37 days, with stronger insecticidal effect than fipronil and no adverse reactions. These studies indicate that polymyxin and ethyl polymyxin can safely and effectively prevent and treat cat flea infections.
Pharmaceutical storage and handling
Storage conditions:
The fungicide should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rainproof, and away from sources of fire. Do not store and transport it together with food, feed, seeds, or daily necessities. The powder form can be stored at -20 ° C for 3 years and at 4 ° C for 2 years; After dissolving in solvent, it can be stored for 6 months at -80 ° C and 1 month at -20 ° C. Ice packs are required for transportation, and may be adjusted accordingly depending on the product.
Treatment of medicament:
Medicament is easy to stick to the packaging bag or bottle wall, which shall be washed off with water and then diluted again, so as to make spray even.
Adverse reactions
Spinosad Cream is an topical medication containing the active ingredient spinosad, mainly used to treat parasitic diseases such as head lice infection. Polyfungicide is a naturally occurring insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects, causing paralysis and death, effectively controlling the number of parasites. Although Spinosad has shown good safety and tolerability in clinical applications, any drug may cause adverse reactions. The following is its detailed explanation:
Common adverse reactions
After using Spinosad, some patients may experience itching and burning sensation on the scalp or local skin. These reactions are usually mild and disappear on their own in a short period of time. Itching and burning sensation may be due to the stimulating effect of drugs on the skin, leading to increased sensitivity of local nerve endings. A small number of patients may experience local skin erythema or rash. These symptoms are usually temporary and do not require special treatment. Red rashes and rashes may be caused by local allergic reactions to medication or direct skin irritation to the medication.
Spinosad Cream is an topical medication and should be avoided from contact with the eyes during use. If accidentally in the eyes, it may cause eye irritation, manifested as pain, tearing, conjunctival congestion and other symptoms. The degree of eye irritation depends on the amount of medication entering the eyes and the individual's sensitivity. If Spinosad accidentally gets into the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. After rinsing, if symptoms still persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly. If eye irritation is not treated in a timely manner, it may lead to corneal damage or other serious consequences.
Although rare, some patients may be allergic to the ingredients in Spinosad, resulting in severe allergic reactions. The symptoms of allergic reactions may include severe itching of the skin, urticaria, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, etc. The occurrence of allergic reactions may be related to an individual's immune system overreacting to drug ingredients. Patients with a history of allergies may have an increased risk of allergic reactions when using Spinosad. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to inquire in detail about the patient's allergy history, especially their allergies to drugs or cosmetics.
Serious adverse reactions
Systemic allergic reaction
Systemic allergic reaction is a serious allergic reaction that may involve multiple organ systems. Symptoms may include systemic rash, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, etc. If systemic allergic reactions are not treated in a timely manner, they may lead to shock or even death. If symptoms of systemic allergic reactions occur, immediately stop using Spinosad Cream and seek medical attention immediately.
During the process of waiting for medical assistance, the patient can lie flat and raise their legs to increase blood flow back to the heart. If the patient experiences difficulty breathing, oxygen inhalation can be administered.
Potential risks of long-term or excessive use
Long term or excessive use of Spinosad Cream may lead to dry and peeling skin. This is because drugs may disrupt the natural barrier function of the skin, leading to increased water loss. Dry and peeling skin may cause itching and discomfort, and in severe cases, may lead to skin infections.
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