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Best L glutamine powder is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10N2O3 and a molecular weight of 146.15. White crystal or crystalline powder, soluble in water, odorless, non-toxic, almost insoluble in methanol, ethanol, ether, benzene, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethyl ethanol, etc., odorless, slightly sweet. The melting point is 185 ~ 186 ℃. It is stable in neutral solution and easily decomposes into glutamine or propyl ester into pyrrolecarboxyl alcohol in alcohol, alkali or hot water. It is odorless and slightly sweet.
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Chemical Formula |
C5H10N2O3 |
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Exact Mass |
146.07 |
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Molecular Weight |
146.15 |
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m/z |
146.07 (100.0%), 147.07 (5.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.09; H, 6.90; N, 19.17; O, 32.84 |
L-Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid that can be synthesized in the human body from glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, or converted from glucose. As the component with the highest content in the human body's free amino acid pool (about 60%), it plays a core role in protein metabolism, nitrogen transport, and cellular function maintenance. It has a wide range of applications, covering sports nutrition, medical health, food industry, and scientific research fields.
Sports Nutrition: Core Supplements for Promoting Muscle Growth and Recovery
1. Muscle synthesis and growth
It is the most abundant free amino acid in muscle cells, promoting muscle growth through the following mechanisms:
Nitrogen supply: As a key raw material for protein synthesis, it provides essential nitrogen elements for muscle cells and accelerates protein production.
Cell enlargement effect: By increasing intracellular water content, promoting muscle cell volume expansion, and stimulating muscle growth signaling pathways.
Hormone regulation: Oral administration of 2 grams of Best L glutamine powder can increase growth hormone levels by 4 times, while promoting insulin and testosterone secretion, further enhancing muscle synthesis efficiency.
Anti decomposition effect: It can inhibit muscle protein breakdown and protect muscle mass during high-intensity training or long-term starvation.
2. Exercise endurance and fatigue relief
Energy metabolism support: Participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, provide direct energy sources for muscles during exercise, and delay the occurrence of fatigue.
Acid base balance regulation: Lactic acid and other acidic substances produced during exercise can cause fluid acidification.
Neutralizing the acidic environment by generating bases (such as ammonia) and reducing the decline in exercise ability.
Cell repair: Supplementing with L-glutamine after exercise can accelerate muscle fiber repair, shorten recovery time, and reduce the incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
3. Clinical application cases
Bodybuilders: Supplementing 2-10 grams of L-glutamine daily can significantly increase muscle circumference and strength, while reducing immune suppression caused by overtraining.
Endurance athletes: Marathon runners supplementing with L-glutamine before the race can prolong exercise time and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort.
Medical and health field: adjuvant drugs for the treatment of multi system diseases
1. Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases
Ulcer healing: It is the main energy source for intestinal mucosal cells and can promote the repair of gastric and duodenal ulcers. The mechanism includes:
Stimulate mucin synthesis and enhance mucosal barrier function;
Inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce irritation to the ulcer surface;
Promote angiogenesis and accelerate tissue regeneration.
Intestinal barrier protection: In severe pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease), it can maintain intestinal permeability, reduce the risk of bacterial translocation, and alleviate systemic inflammatory response.
Clinical dosage: 20 grams per day for the treatment of colitis, 40 grams for nutritional support for chemotherapy or burn patients.
2. Immune system regulation
Maintenance of lymphocyte function: It is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and antibody synthesis. Supplementing with L-glutamine during infection, trauma, or surgical stress can:
Increase the total number of lymphocytes and enhance immune activity;
Promote the secretion of cytokines (such as TNF, IL-1) and enhance immune response;
Reduce postoperative infection complications and shorten hospitalization time.
Special population application: AIDS patients, chemotherapy cancer patients and burn patients often need high dose of L-glutamine (40g per day) support because of low immune function.
3. Improvement of brain function
Neuroprotection: It is a precursor of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid, which can improve the sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage, neurasthenia, and memory impairment.
Alcohol poisoning treatment: By regulating glutamate metabolism, alleviating alcohol withdrawal symptoms (such as tremors and delirium), and promoting brain function recovery.
Prevention of senile dementia: Supplementing L-glutamine in the elderly can maintain brain activity and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
4. Antioxidant and organ protection
Glutathione synthesis: Participate in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is a key antioxidant that can scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress damage.
Multi organ protection: By stabilizing cell membranes and protein structures, L-glutamine can protect important organ functions such as the liver, lungs, and intestines, reducing the side effects caused by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Food Industry: Functional and Seasoning Additives
1. Nutritional supplements
Food Fortification: Listed as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the US FDA, it is commonly used in sports drinks, energy bars, and meal replacement powders to enhance protein content and nutritional value.
Special population formula: For postoperative patients, the elderly, or vegetarians, L-glutamine can be used as an amino acid supplement to improve nitrogen balance and promote physical recovery.
2. Seasoning and Fragrance Enhancers
Flavor enhancement: It has a umami taste similar to monosodium glutamate (MSG), but with a softer texture. It is commonly used in low sodium foods, seasonings, and soups to enhance flavor.
Masking off odors: In meat processing, Best L glutamine powder can neutralize the odors produced by fat oxidation and improve product acceptance.
3. Application Limited
According to FDA standards, the amount added to food should not exceed 6.6% of the total protein mass to ensure a balance between safety and functionality.
Research and Industrial Fields: Basic Research and Biomanufacturing Raw Materials
1. Biochemical research tools
Cell culture medium: It is a key component of mammalian cell culture medium, providing energy and nitrogen sources for cells, supporting cell proliferation and differentiation.
Enzyme activity research: As a substrate for enzymes such as glutamine synthetase and glutamine synthetase, it is used to study enzyme catalytic mechanisms and metabolic pathway regulation.
2. Microbial fermentation raw materials
Antibiotic production: In the fermentation process of antibiotics such as streptomycin and gentamicin, serving as a nitrogen source can increase fermentation yield.
Amino acid fermentation: L-glutamine can be produced through microbial fermentation, which enables large-scale and low-cost manufacturing to meet the needs of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
3. Detection and Separation Technology
Qualitative and quantitative analysis: Use biological methods, paper chromatography, or instrumental analysis methods (such as high-performance liquid chromatography) to detect the content of L-glutamine and ensure product quality.
Separation and purification process: Purification is achieved through precipitation, membrane separation, or ion chromatography to meet high-purity application requirements (such as pharmaceutical grade products).
preparation methods
L glutamine powder widely exists in nature. For example, it is contained in free state in pumpkin and sunflower seedlings, and its N-ethyl compound (theanine) is contained in tea leaves. Although glutamine can be extracted from natural products, fermentation and synthesis are used for mass production.
Synthesis
It is obtained through condensation, addition, salt formation, and hydrolysis of L-glutamate-5-methyl ester ([1499-55-4]).
Glutamic acid is esterified with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, and then the esterification liquid is dropped into a mixture of methanol and carbon disulfide.
When ammonia is added dropwise, it circulates under cooling.
After adding the esterification solution dropwise, continue to pass through ammonia, then add triethylamine and seal at 30 ° C for 40 hours.
After removing ammonia under reduced pressure, a concentrated product of gamma methyl ester-L-glutamate-N-amino acid diamine salt was obtained.
Heat to 40-45 ° C and add acetic acid.
After stirring for 30 minutes, remove carbon disulfide under low pressure and precipitate a large amount of crystals.
Then add an equal amount of methanol, place at 0 ° C for 12 hours, and filter to obtain crude glutamine.
The finished product is obtained through activated carbon decolorization and recrystallization.
Fermentation
Glucose, acetic acid, and ethanol were used as the carbon source of the culture medium and fermented with Brevibacterium flavum. The yield based on glucose was 39g/L, and the yield was 39%.
L glutamine powder is an amino acid and a building block of protein. Amino acids and proteins have many important roles in our bodies. Specifically, glutamine aids in the transport of carbon and nitrogen in the body (for cell division and growth) and plays a role in nerve function, intestinal function, and boosting the immune system.
Glutamine is produced by the body in muscle tissue and is therefore considered "non-essential," meaning we don't have to rely solely on getting it from our diet. However, when our bodies are under (metabolic) stress, providing glutamine on their own may not be enough to meet the body's needs. Therefore, when the body uses glutamine in large amounts, we need glutamine in addition to the body's own production.
Best L glutamine powder is produced by our muscles and is commonly found in our diets, and it is very well established that glutamine is needed when the body is recovering from exercise and serious illness.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What are the common commercial forms of L-Glutamine for cell culture?
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A: It is available in USP-grade powdered form and ready-to-use 200 mM sterile liquid stock solution, which can be directly added to complete medium.
Q: What is the optimal working concentration range of L-Glutamine in cell culture?
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A: The optimal concentration depends on cell type and medium formula, and generally falls in the range of 2–6 mM.
Q: Why is the dipeptide L-Ala-L-Gln often used to replace ordinary L-Glutamine?
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A: The dipeptide form has much higher stability in liquid medium, and can avoid the rapid decomposition problem of free L-glutamine during long-term storage.
Q: What is the recommended storage condition for liquid L-Glutamine stock solution?
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A: Store at -20℃ away from light, avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and it is not recommended to store it in a 4℃ refrigerator for a long time.
Q: Is Gibco L-Glutamine suitable for serum-free cell culture systems?
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A: Yes, the qualified L-Glutamine products are fully compatible with serum-free culture applications.
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