L-Lysine Powder CAS 56-87-1

When combined with ferrous compounds to treat iron deficiency anemia, its bioavailability is increased by more than 40% compared to traditional iron supplements.
Drug Enhancement: Adding L-lysine to tetracycline antibiotics can reduce gastrointestinal irritation and enhance antibacterial activity by forming stable complexes. In addition, L-lysine can also be used as a diuretic to assist in the treatment of lead poisoning and promote chloride excretion.

3. Formula foods for special medical purposes
For patients with metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria (PKU), L-lysine, as a key component of a low phenylalanine diet, can provide essential amino acid support without triggering metabolic crises. In parenteral nutrition preparations, the composite amino acid infusion has the advantages of high purity and low allergy risk compared to hydrolyzed protein infusion.

Food Industry: Innovators in Nutritional Fortification and Functional Improvement

1. Basic nutritional reinforcement
Improvement of cereal products: In response to the problem of L-lysine deficiency (the first limiting amino acid) in grains such as wheat and rice, adding 0.1-0.5g/kg can increase protein bioavailability (BV) by 30%. For example, the lysine fortified rice developed in Thailand increased children's protein intake by 22%.
Dairy product upgrade: Adding L-lysine to infant formula can simulate the amino acid profile of breast milk and promote the development of the infant's immune system. Research has shown that infants fed with this type of formula have serum IgA levels that are 18% higher than those fed with regular formula.

2. Development of functional foods
Sports nutrition: As a co agent of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), L-lysine can reduce muscle protein breakdown after exercise. Sports drinks on the market often add 500-1000mg/bottle to accelerate recovery.
Elderly nutrition: In response to the decline in protein synthesis ability in the elderly, the combination of L-lysine and vitamin B12 can improve muscle mass and reduce the risk of falls. The L-lysine content in the elderly specific nutritional powder developed in Japan reaches 2g/100g.
3. Food preservation and flavor improvement
Deodorization of canned food: L-lysine inhibits lipid oxidation by chelating metal ions, extending the shelf life of canned meat. Experiments have shown that adding 0.3% can extend the shelf life of canned fish by 6 months.
Seasoning development: As a substitute for monosodium glutamate, L-lysine can enhance the umami perception threshold. In low sodium salt formulations, its combination with potassium chloride can mask metallic flavors and enhance palatability.

Feed Industry: Biocatalysts for Animal Growth

1. Nutritional enhancement for monogastric animals
Application of pig feed: Adding 0.1-0.2% L-lysine to corn soybean meal diets can increase daily weight gain of piglets by 12-15% and improve feed conversion rate by 8-10%. Its mechanism of action includes:
Stimulate the secretion of gastric protease and improve protein digestion rate
Promote the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
Regulate amino acid balance and reduce nitrogen excretion
Poultry feed optimization: Adding L-lysine to broiler feed can significantly improve breast muscle percentage. Research has shown that a 0.15% addition increases chest muscle production by 9% while reducing abdominal fat deposition.

2. Nutritional regulation of ruminants
The rumen protected L-lysine prepared through rumen protection technology can bypass the degradation of rumen microorganisms and be directly absorbed by the small intestine. Adding 30g/day to the diet of dairy cows can increase milk production by 2.5kg/day and increase milk protein content by 0.15 percentage points.
3. Innovation in aquatic feed
Adding 0.3% L-lysine to the feed of South American white shrimp can significantly improve specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE). It enhances the expression of immune related genes, thereby increasing the ability of shrimp to resist WSSV virus by 40%.

Agricultural field: Biostimulants for green planting

1. Plant growth regulation
Nitrogen utilization optimization: L-lysine, as a nitrification inhibitor, can slow down the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in soil and improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency by 15-20%. In rice fields, its combination with urea can increase yield by 8%.
Enhanced stress resistance: By inducing proline synthesis, L-lysine can enhance plant drought resistance. After treatment with 0.5mM, the survival rate of tomato seedlings under drought stress increased by 35%.
2. Development of biopesticides
L-lysine powder derivatives (such as copper lysine) exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with inhibition rates of over 70% against pathogens such as cucumber downy mildew and rice blast disease. Its mechanism of action includes disrupting cell membrane integrity and inhibiting spore germination.

1. Synthesis of amino acid derivatives
L-ornithine production: L-ornithine can be efficiently synthesized using L-lysine as a precursor through the fermentation method of Corynebacterium glutamicum, for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
Preparation of ε - Polylysine: As a natural food preservative, ε - Polylysine is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces, and its antibacterial spectrum covers Gram positive/negative bacteria and molds. It can extend the shelf life by three times in bread preservation.
2. Development of biomaterials
The hydrogel prepared by cross-linking L-lysine and sodium alginate has pH responsive drug release characteristics. In diabetes wound dressing, it can continuously release insulin for 72 hours to accelerate healing.

Cosmetics Science: Active Factors for Skin Repair

1. Anti aging mechanism
L-lysine promotes type I collagen synthesis by activating the TGF - β/Smad signaling pathway in dermal fibroblasts. Clinical tests showed that after 8 weeks of use of the essence containing 2% L-lysine, the depth of eye wrinkles decreased by 23%.
2. As a tyrosinase inhibitor, L-lysine can block the melanin synthesis pathway for whitening and enhancing efficacy. The formula formulated with niacinamide increased skin brightness by 1.5 color steps in Asian population testing.

Materials of Metric Roller Chain Sprocket

Report 1:

(1) Add purified water (deionized water) to L ‑ lysine hydrochloride. The weight ratio of L ‑ lysine hydrochloride to purified water is 1 ∶ 1. Mix well and dissolve completely. Place it for future use;

(2) Upper column adsorption

Add the solution obtained in step (1) into the ion exchange column with cation exchange resin at a flow rate of 13L/min until the resin cation exchange resin fully adsorbs lysine and the effluent of the column does not contain lysine, then wash it with purified water through the resin in the exchange column until there is no Cl ‑ in the effluent of the column (at this time, the pH of the effluent is 7);

(3) Elution

Then use 2mol/L NH4OH (ammonia water) to wash off L-lysine powder. NH4OH flows through the ion exchange column at a flow rate of 13L/min. When the pH value of the effluent from the ion exchange column rises to 8.0, the effluent starts to have ninhydrin reaction, that is, L-lysine starts to flow out, and the effluent is collected; When the pH value of the effluent of the ion-exchange column rises to 9.0~12, the ninhydrin reaction color is dark, and the content of L-lysine is high at this time. The collection can be stopped when the effluent is eluted until there is no ninhydrin reaction;

(4) Vacuum concentration

Concentrate the collected solution at 0.2Mpa and 60 ～ 62 ℃ under reduced pressure to drive ammonia. When it is concentrated to 1/3 of the volume of the original collected solution, add 3.5% of the weight of the concentrated solution at this time to decolorize, filter, cool and crystallize, and then obtain L-lysine.

The purity of the product measured and calculated by potentiometric titrator is 98.5%.

Report 2:

Preparation of free L-lysine solid: weigh 1.00kg L-lysine hydrochloride and add it to 5.0L purified water to stir, dissolve and clarify, then add the solution to 7.20kg activated strong acid cation exchange resin column, slowly wash the resin column, after 2-3h washing, continue to wash with purified water until neutral and chlorine free ions (0.1mol/L silver nitrate monitoring and extensive pH test paper). Add 11.1kg5% v/v ammonia to the resin column, and slowly flush the resin column for about 2-3h. When the pH value is greater than 10, start to collect alkaline eluent until the pH value decreases to about 10. Concentrate the collected solution at 60 ℃ (- 0.10 ～ -0.08Mpa) under reduced pressure. Concentrate the water and ammonia until no liquid drips out. Continue to concentrate into white solids. Add 8L absolute ethanol to the system. Continue to beat and crystallize. Beat for 3h. Precipitate all solids. Centrifuge and filter out the solids until no liquid drips out. Lay the filter cake on the enamel tray, vacuum dry (60 ± 5 ℃, - 0.08 ～ -0.1Mpa) for 8h, and cool the product to room temperature, Store in a sealed bag in a cool place to obtain 776g of free L-lysine solid with a yield of 96.95% and a purity of 99.62%. HNMR (D2O): 3.223-3.188 (CHN), 2.848-2.794 (2H/CH2N), 1.542-1.523 and 1.276 (- CH2CH2CH2CH2 -). LCMS(M+1):147.1127.

Report 3:

The fermentation method of L-lysine includes three steps: lysine primary seed culture, lysine secondary seed culture and lysine fermentation culture. The specific operations of each step are as follows:

1. Lysine primary seed culture

Prepare lysine primary seed culture medium. In this example, the lysine primary seed culture medium includes 20g/L sucrose, 0.5g/L magnesium sulfate, 1.5g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 9g/L ammonium sulfate, 5g/L yeast extract, 0.5g/L threonine, 0.5g/L methionine, 7g/L monosodium glutamate, 0.5g/L sodium pyruvate, and 1g/L calcium acetate.

Adjust the prepared lysine primary seed culture medium to pH 6.0 with 20% (volume ratio) potassium hydroxide solution, heat the medium to 121 ℃ with steam, sterilize it for 20min, and open circulating water to cool it to 36 ℃ and keep it constant. Stir for 300 rpm, inject sterile air according to the ventilation ratio of 1:0.4, adjust the tank pressure to 0.05 Mpa, adjust the pH to 6.7 with ammonia water and keep it constant, and calibrate 100% dissolved oxygen.

The L-lysine producing Escherichia coli shake flask seed was received into the L-lysine primary seed culture medium according to 1 ‰ of the volume of the L-lysine powder primary seed culture medium for culture. During the culture process, 30-50% dissolved oxygen was controlled by adjusting the rotation speed, air volume and tank pressure. After 10 hours of culture, samples were taken every 2 hours for microscopic inspection and total sugar was measured. When the microscopic inspection of the cell morphology was normal and the total sugar dropped to 10 g/L, the culture was stopped to obtain the lysine mature primary seed liquid.

2. Secondary seed culture of lysine

Prepare lysine secondary seed culture medium. In this example, the lysine secondary seed culture medium includes glucose 70g/L, magnesium sulfate 1g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g/L, ammonium sulfate 10g/L, corn starch hydrolysate 1g/L, hair hydrolysate 1g/L, beet molasses 10ml/L, threonine 0.4g/L, methionine 0.4g/L, calcium acetate 2g/L.

Adjust the pH of the prepared lysine secondary seed culture medium to 6.2 with ammonia water, heat the medium to 121 ℃ with steam, sterilize it for 20 minutes, and open circulating water to cool it to 37 ℃ and keep it constant. Open the mixing for 300 rpm, inject sterile air according to the ventilation ratio of 1:0.4, adjust the tank pressure to 0.05 Mpa, adjust the pH value to 6.6 with ammonia water and keep it constant, and calibrate the dissolved oxygen to 100%. The mature lysine primary seed solution obtained in step (1) is received into the lysine secondary seed culture medium at 2% of the volume of lysine secondary seed culture medium for culture. During the culture process, 30-50% dissolved oxygen is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed, air volume and tank pressure. After 10 hours of culture, samples are taken every 2 hours for microscopic inspection and measuring the reducing sugar. When the microscopic inspection of the cell morphology is normal and the reducing sugar drops to 8 g/L, the culture is stopped to obtain the mature lysine secondary seed solution.

3. Lysine fermentation culture

Prepare lysine fermentation medium. In this example, the lysine fermentation medium includes glucose 20 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5 g/L, phosphoric acid 0.3 g/L, ammonium sulfate 9 g/L, corn starch hydrolysate 0.5 g/L, hair hydrolysate 0.5 g/L, beet molasses 10 ml/L, betaine 0.5 g/L, calcium acetate 1 g/L.

Adjust the pH of the prepared lysine fermentation medium to 5.6 with 20% potassium hydroxide, heat the medium to 121 ℃ with steam, sterilize it for 20 minutes, and open the circulating water to cool it to 36 ℃ and keep it constant. Start mixing at 400rpm, inject sterile air according to the ventilation ratio of 1:0.3, adjust the tank pressure to 0.07Mpa, adjust the pH value to 6.7 with ammonia water and keep it constant, and calibrate the dissolved oxygen to 100%. The mature lysine secondary seed liquid obtained in step (2) is added to the lysine fermentation medium by 10% of the volume of the L-lysine powder fermentation medium for culture. During the culture process, the dissolved oxygen is controlled by 25-40% by adjusting the speed, air volume and tank pressure.

During the culture process, sample and measure the reducing sugar concentration and ammonia nitrogen concentration of the fermentation liquid every 2h. When the reducing sugar concentration in the fermentation liquid drops to 4g/L, start to add 60% (m/v) glucose solution and maintain the reducing sugar concentration of the fermentation liquid at about 4g/L. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the fermentation liquid drops to 1g/L, start to add 40% (m/v) ammonium sulfate solution and maintain the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the fermentation liquid at about 1g/L.