Propyl Gallate Powder CAS 121-79-9

Propyl gallate powder, also known as propyl gallate, has the molecular formula C10Hl2O5. White to yellowish brown crystalline powder or milky white needle crystal. Odorless, slightly bitter, and the aqueous solution is tasteless. It is hygroscopic, and light can promote its decomposition. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in hot water, ethanol, ether, propylene glycol, glycerin, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, lard. It is sensitive to heat and decomposes at melting point. Therefore, it has poor stability when applied to food and is not resistant to high temperature, so it should not be used for baking. The Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2011) stipulates that propyl gallate can be used in food oils, fried foods, dried fish products, biscuits, instant noodles, instant boiled rice, canned nuts, and cured meat products.

Propyl gallate powder, as an important phenolic antioxidant, has shown wide application value in the fields of food, feed, medicine, cosmetics, and industry due to its unique chemical structure and excellent antioxidant properties.

Food Industry: The Core Additive for Antioxidant Preservation

 

1. Oil antioxidant and extended shelf life
Propyl gallate is an oil soluble antioxidant that is explicitly allowed to be used in China's "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives" (GB2760-2011). Its core function is to inhibit the rancidity caused by automatic oxidation of fats and oils. By releasing hydrogen atoms and combining with peroxide free radicals generated by oil oxidation, stable low-energy antioxidant free radicals are formed, thereby blocking chain reactions. Experimental data shows that:

Plant oil: It has a significant antioxidant effect on unsaturated fats such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and palm oil. Adding 0.05% can prolong the oxidation induction period by more than three times.
Animal fat: Its antioxidant capacity for lard is superior to that of butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) and dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT), with a 62% decrease in peroxide value (POV) at a 0.1% addition level.

 

Hydrogenated vegetable oil: In margarine and shortening, a 0.02% addition can effectively inhibit the formation of trans fatty acids.

2. Enhanced application of composite antioxidant system
Propyl gallate is often used in combination with enhancers such as BHA, BHT, and citric acid to form a synergistic antioxidant network

When mixed with BHA/BHT in a 1:1 ratio, the antioxidant efficiency is increased by 40%, especially suitable for processing high-temperature fried foods such as potato chips and instant noodles.
Compound with citric acid: By chelating metal ions (such as Fe ³ ⁺, Cu ² ⁺) to prevent their catalytic oxidation reaction, the shelf life of cured meat products can be extended to 12 months.

 

Application scenario: According to Chinese standards, the maximum usage amount is 0.1g/kg (calculated as fat), which is widely used in high-fat foods such as biscuits, instant rice, canned nuts, etc.

3. Improved stability in food processing
Fried food: During the frying process at 180 ℃, adding 0.03% can reduce the production of acrylamide by up to 55%, while maintaining the color and crispness of the food.
Dried fish products: By inhibiting fat oxidation and microbial growth, the incidence of halitosis in dried fish can be reduced by 80%.
Marinated meat products: When used in combination with sodium nitrite, it can reduce the production of nitrosamines by 30% and improve the red stability of meat products.

Feed industry: emerging alternative to ethoxyquinoline

 

1. Dual function of antioxidant and mildew prevention
In the European feed market, propyl gallate powder is gradually replacing the traditional antioxidant ethoxyquinoline (EMQ):

Antioxidant performance: Adding 0.05% can increase the retention rate of vitamin A in feed from 65% to 92%, effectively preventing the oxidation and deterioration of raw materials such as fish meal and soybean meal.
Antibacterial and anti mold: The inhibition rate of toxic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus is up to 85%, and it can extend the shelf life of feed by 3-6 months in humid environments.

2. The synergistic effect of animal nutrition
Livestock and poultry production: Adding 0.02% propyl gallate to broiler feed can increase daily weight gain by 5% and improve feed conversion rate by 8%.

 

Aquaculture: Compound 0.01% vitamin C in fish feed can significantly enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of fish and enhance their disease resistance.

3. Environmentally friendly alternative solutions
Compared to EMQ, propyl gallate has the following advantages:

Biodegradability: The half-life in soil is only 7-10 days, much lower than the 90 day EMQ, reducing the risk of environmental pollution.
Safety: The acute toxicity LD ₅₀ (rat oral) is 5000mg/kg, which belongs to the actual non-toxic level and meets the requirements of the EU REACH regulation.

Medical field: diverse applications from stable formulations to disease treatment

 

1. Antioxidant protection of pharmaceutical preparations
Fat soluble drugs: Adding 0.01% propyl gallate to vitamin E injection can reduce the oxidative degradation rate by 70% and extend the shelf life to 36 months.
Stable injection: When used in combination with thioglycerol, it can effectively prevent discoloration and failure of easily oxidizable drugs such as adrenaline and dopamine.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation: Adding 0.005% to Danshen Injection can inhibit the oxidative degradation of Tanshinone IIA and maintain its pharmacological stability.

2. Potential value of disease treatment
Cardiovascular protection: It can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by eliminating superoxide free radicals (O ₂ ⁻) and inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Animal experiments have shown that 0.1% dietary supplementation can reduce the area of aortic plaques in rats by 45%.

 

Antithrombotic effect: Inhibits platelet aggregation and fibrinogen adsorption, and can prolong thrombus formation time by 2.3 times in rabbit models.
Antitumor adjuvant: It has potential preventive and therapeutic effects on digestive system tumors such as gastric cancer and liver cancer by inhibiting nitrosamine production and inducing tumor cell apoptosis.
3. Promotion mechanism of wound healing
0.02% aqueous solution: In a rabbit skin wound model, it can accelerate the process of epithelialization and shorten the healing time by 3 days.
Antibacterial synergy: When used in combination with silver ions, the diameter of the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus is expanded to 18mm (12mm when used alone).

Cosmetics industry: safe and efficient antioxidant barrier

 

1. Core guarantee of formula stability
Grease protection: 0.05% added to lotion and cream can reduce the peroxide value of easily oxidized fats such as squalane and jojoba oil by 60%.
Active ingredient protection: 0.02% compounded in vitamin C essence solution can increase the light stability of ferulic acid by 3 times and extend the shelf life of the product to 24 months.
2. The synergistic effect of skin anti-aging
Free radical scavenging: reduces UV induced skin photoaging by neutralizing hydroxyl radicals (· OH) and singlet oxygen (¹ O2).

 

Anti inflammatory repair: 0.1% gel formulation can inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF - α, and is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acne and eczema.

3. Scientific verification of safety
Acute toxicity: Rat oral LD ₅₀>5000mg/kg, which belongs to the actual non-toxic level.
Skin Irritation: At a concentration of 1%, it is not irritating to human skin, but at a concentration of 10%, it may cause contact dermatitis.
Light safety: No phototoxicity or photosensitivity, suitable for daytime skincare products.

Industrial field: Innovative application of special materials

 

1. Antioxidant and Efficiency Enhancement of Lubricating Oil
Synthetic ester oil: Adding 0.5% to poly alpha olefin (PAO) base oil can extend the oxidation stability (TOST life) from 1000 hours to 3500 hours.
Biodegradable oil: When used in combination with alkylated diphenylamine, it can meet both antioxidant and biodegradable requirements in rapeseed oil-based lubricants.
2. Anti aging of rubber products
Tire application: Adding 1 part of propyl gallate powder to natural rubber can increase the thermal aging coefficient (TAI) from 0.35 to 0.62, extending the service life by 2-3 years.
Sealing material: Compound with 0.5% fluororubber can significantly inhibit ozone cracking and maintain elastic stability within the range of -40 ℃ to 150 ℃.

 

3. Stabilizers for polymer materials
Polyethylene (PE): As a heat-resistant oxygen stabilizer, adding 0.2% to the insulation layer of wires and cables can increase the retention rate of elongation at break from 65% to 88%.
Polypropylene (PP): When used in combination with hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), it maintains 80% of its initial tensile strength after 5 years of outdoor exposure.

Propyl gallate has become an indispensable functional additive in modern industry due to its multi-target antioxidant mechanism and cross disciplinary applicability. From food preservation to medical treatment, from cosmetic formulas to industrial material stability, its application boundaries are constantly expanding with technological innovation. In the future, with breakthroughs in green synthesis processes and nanoformulation technology, propyl gallate is expected to play a greater role in precision medicine, high-end manufacturing, and other fields, contributing to human health and sustainable development.

Synthesis of propyl gallate:

The method belongs to the technical field of antioxidant preparation. In this method, the Chinese nutgall is first knocked, cored, crushed, and the crushed powder is respectively roasted, steamed, fermented, and the fermentation liquid is collected. Then the fermentation liquid is placed in a ventilated place, acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid, added with n-propanol, stirred, mixed, and heated to obtain edible acid propyl acetate. The yield of propylacetate gallate prepared by the method is high, reaching more than 97%; The preparation process is simple, green and pollution-free, and the environment is protected.

Reaction mechanism of propyl gallate:

The functions of antioxidants are complex and there are many possibilities, but the main reaction mechanism is: the antioxidants release hydrogen atoms and combine with the peroxide produced by the automatic oxidation reaction of oil and fat, breaking the chain reaction, thus preventing the oxidation process from continuing.

Phenolic antioxidants (BHA, BHT, TBHQ, PG, etc.) can provide hydrogen atoms to combine with free radicals generated by the automatic oxidation of oils and fats to form stable, low energy free radicals of antioxidants, so that the oxidation reaction of oils and fats can no longer spread and achieve the purpose of anti-oxidation.

Background information of propyl gallate powder:

In order to prevent fat or oil-based food from rancidity and aftertaste due to automatic oxidation in the air, some food antioxidants are usually added in addition to oxygen isolated or deoxygenated storage methods. Oil soluble antioxidants commonly used in food at home and abroad include butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate (PG), etc.

However, BHT has a bad smell and carcinogenic effect on rats, which has been banned in some countries; The synthesis cost of BHA is high and its toxicity is high. Whether it has carcinogenic effect is still under test; TBHQ is easy to volatilize at high temperature and may be toxic to animal body if consumed excessively. In contrast, PG is not only low toxic, safe to use, but also superior to BHT and BHA in antioxidation. Therefore, it is widely used in edible oils, feeds, fried foods, dried fish products, fat rich biscuits, canned and cured meat products, and is one of the excellent oil antioxidants approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WTO).

1. What is glyceryl stearate? And why is it used?
Glyceryl polyacylate (PG) is an artificially synthesized oil-soluble antioxidant. It is mainly used to prevent the oxidation of foods rich in oil (such as fried foods, instant noodles, sausages) from causing deterioration and off-flavors, thereby extending the shelf life.
2. Is it safe? Why is there controversy?
Using within the regulatory limits (typically with a fat content of less than 0.01%) is considered safe. The controversy mainly stems from a few animal experiments suggesting that at high doses, it may have hormonal interference effects, and some people may experience allergic reactions on the skin or respiratory tract. Currently, the mainstream regulatory agencies (such as FDA, EFSA) all approve its use in accordance with the standards.
3. Are there any restrictions on purchasing and using?
As an ingredient for food additives, individuals are not allowed to purchase it directly for use in home cooking or homemade food. It is only permitted for food production enterprises to use it in accordance with national standards (GB 2760) within the designated food categories and within the specified limits, and it must be clearly marked on the product label.

Hot Tags: propyl gallate powder cas 121-79-9, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, for sale, 5 hydroxymethylfurfural synthesis, Pamoic acid, s allyl l cysteine, spermidine powder, Hinokitiol powder